Explanation of key knowledge of history
Sequential memory method:
Is to remember events in the order of their occurrence and development. This mnemonic method is the most common. Such as: World War I: 1, 19 14, Sarajevo incident; Battle of marne river.
2. 19 15 years, Italy entered the war.
3. 19 16, Battle of Verdun and the Somme.
4. 19 17 years, the United States and China entered the war; Russian revolution.
5. 19 18, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed; Germany surrendered.
The process of American War of Independence:
1, explosion: 1775 Lexington gunfire.
2. Building the army: 1776 The second continental conference was held.
3. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded: 1776 Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence.
4. Turning point: 1777 Saratoga.
5. Victory: Yorktown British Army 178 1 Surrender.
6. Peace Treaty: 1783 Britain recognizes American independence.
This is a list of major events in the history of the senior high school entrance examination, arranged in chronological order. China history, world history.
This is a pure timeline with good memory. You can look at this short contact memory.
The senior high school entrance examination will focus on the integration of historical knowledge, and the knowledge of grades 8 and 9 will be given from horizontal to vertical. Therefore, paying attention to this point in the review process will have a multiplier effect. Reform proposition, scientific and technological revolution proposition, and China-US-Japan relationship proposition are required questions in previous senior high school entrance examinations.
2. Summary of junior high school history knowledge points (urgent) history review materials for the senior high school entrance examination.
Yan Huang Yao Shun Xia Shang Zhou, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period;
Qin, Han and Jin dynasties were unified, and the southern dynasties and the northern dynasties were rivals;
Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing emperors rested.
History of China Volume I
I. Ancient residents of China
1. The earliest known human in China was Yuanmou, about 1.7 million years ago.
2. Beijingers lived about 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, and they first used natural fire.
China is the first country to grow rice and millet in the world. More than 6,000 years ago, Hemudu people living in the Yangtze River valley had planted rice, and Banpo people living in the Yellow River valley had planted the earliest millet and vegetables in the world more than 5,000 years ago.
Ii. Slavery in Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties
1 About 2 1 century BC, China's first slavery dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, was established. This shows that the hereditary system of the throne has replaced the abdication system (the method of electing the leader of the tribal alliance is called abdication system).
2. The Shang Dynasty was founded in the Tang Dynasty in about16th century BC. In Shang Dynasty, Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin and stabilized the rule.
The Si Mu Wu Ding in Shang Dynasty is the largest bronze ware found in the world. (Remember the familiar picture of Muswuding in P 12) The Four Sheep Fang Zun unearthed in Ningxiang, Hunan Province is a beautiful bronze ware.
4. Around 1 1 century BC, Zhou Wuwang sent troops to destroy the business and established the Western Zhou Dynasty.
5. The Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the enfeoffment system, and the enfeoffment system began to collapse in the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Warring States period, the enfeoffment system was gradually replaced by the county system. The Qin dynasty practiced centralized system. There were three provinces and six departments in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province were the highest ruling institutions of the central government. Central and local institutions in the Yuan Dynasty: the central government implemented a one-province system: the Yuan Dynasty abolished the three provinces, set up the central secretariat province as the highest administrative institution, and the Privy Council as the highest military institution. At the same time, it set up the Zheng Xuan Academy to direct religious affairs and manage the * * * area; Provincial system is implemented in local areas: in addition to Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong, which are directly managed by Zhongshu Province, there is also a provincial province called Zhongshu Province for short.
3. Encyclopedia of Junior High School History Knowledge Summary of Courseware Teaching Plan Exercises in Junior High School Chinese Mathematics English Physical Chemistry Human beings have entered the steel age in the field of materials.
The arrival of electrification and steel era marks the rise of modern industry. Seven, World War I 1, "triple alliance" and the "Three Kingdoms Agreement" Figure triple alliance's "Three Kingdoms Agreement" 2, the serious consequences of the formation of two major military confrontation groups in northern Europe: IX P99-1019 at the end of the 20th century, Europe.
It was the struggle between these two military groups that led to the First World War. 3 Beizhi Sarajevo Incident: P1041914 In June 2004, Archduke Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, participated in a military exercise in Sarajevo and was shot and killed by Princip, a member of the Serbian secret organization, which is known as the "Sarajevo Incident".
The Sarajevo incident became the fuse of the First World War. Take the Battle of Verdun as an example to understand the great disaster that World War I brought to human society.
North: Jiushang P 107 The Battle of Verdun was the cruelest battle in the First World War. Throughout the campaign, the two sides invested nearly one million people and fought fiercely for several months. As a result, the French army successfully resisted the German attack.
The Battle of Verdun was one of the battles with the most casualties in the First World War, including 460,000 French casualties, 300,000 German casualties and more than 700,000 casualties. Historically known as the "Verdun meat grinder", used to describe the cruelty of war. World War I lasted four years and three months. 33 countries participated in the world war, with a population of 654.38+0.5 billion.
The war spread all over Europe, Asia and Africa, with 8.4 million troops killed and 2 100 injured. During the war, the two sides spent $208.4 billion. Eight, science and ideology and culture 1. Newton's major achievements.
North: P 1 19 British scientist Newton put forward the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, and creatively established a complete system of classical mechanics-Newtonian mechanics, which is called "the father of modern science". 2. Darwin's main achievements in the North: On September 9, P 120, British biologist Darwin wrote "The Origin of Species".
The theory of biological evolution is completely established. Darwin's theory of evolution put biology on the basis of science for the first time, which triggered a revolution in the fields of science and society and laid the foundation for the scientific research of biologists and other scientists. 3. Einstein's main achievements.
Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Britain, France, and Russia North: P 12 1 Einstein put forward the famous theory of relativity in physics. 4. Voltaire's basic proposition is North: P 1 15, one of the pioneers and most famous thinkers of the French Enlightenment. He criticized the feudal specialization, especially its spiritual pillar-the Catholic Church.
5. Tolstoy's main works: North Kowloon P 125 lev tolstoy is one of the greatest Russian writers. Representative works include War and Peace, anna karenine and Resurrection. 6. Beethoven's main works, a great German composer, include the following masterpieces: Heroic Symphony and Contemporary History of the World (below Grade 9). First, the Soviet Union's exploration of the socialist road 1. Understand the Petrograd armed uprising in Russia1917; Understand the birth of the first socialist country in world history: in September P31917165438+ 10 (Russian calendar 65438+10), Lenin led the Petrograd armed uprising to victory.
The Soviet People's Committee led by Lenin was established, and the first socialist country in the world was born. 2. Understand Lenin's exploration of socialist construction in the north: Under the leadership of Lenin, the Soviet Union and Russia began to implement the new economic policy in 192 1 year, and by 1925, the national economic recovery of the Soviet Union was basically completed.
The new economic policy directly links socialism with market, commodity-currency relationship and capitalism, which has far-reaching guiding significance for small-scale peasant countries to take the socialist road. Second, Versailles-the western world under the Washington system 1. Understand the basic contents of the Treaty of Versailles and the Nine-Nation Convention. North: Nine times P12191June, the victors of the Paris Peace Conference signed the Treaty of Versailles with Germany.
The main contents of the peace treaty are: (1) Alsace and Lorraine returned to France; No fortification is allowed within 50 kilometers of the east bank of the Milky Way; After recognizing Poland's independence, part of its territory was transferred to Poland and other countries. (2) Germany's overseas colonies were handed over to the victorious countries for "mandated rule".
(3) Abolish Germany's universal compulsory military service system. (4) Germany should pay a lot of war reparations.
North: P 14 1922 In September, representatives of nine countries attending the Washington Conference signed the nine-nation convention. The main contents include: respecting China's independence, territory and administrative integrity; China ensures that all countries in China have "equal opportunities" and are "open to the outside world".
The Convention dealt a blow to the Japanese plan to monopolize China, but it did not include China's demand for the abolition of consular jurisdiction, the return of leased land, tariff autonomy and so on, which provided conditions for the powers to jointly plunder China. From the Paris Peace Conference to the Washington Conference, the powers established the Versailles-Washington System.
2. Take the Industrial Revival Act as an example to evaluate the role of Roosevelt's New Deal in the history of capitalist development. The National Industrial Recovery Law is the core and foundation of the whole New Deal.
The main contents of the National Industrial Revival Law: stipulate the production scale, price level, market distribution, wage level and working hours of each enterprise, stipulate that workers have the right to collective bargaining, and stipulate the longest working hours that capitalists must accept and the amount of wages payable. The "New Deal" is the self-regulation of American capitalism, which initiated the large-scale bourgeois intervention in economic life, further improved the monopoly position of American state capitalism, and was a milestone in the history of capitalist development.
The "New Deal" has achieved good results and enabled the United States to survive the crisis. Three. World war ii 1. Understanding Munich Conference North: IX P361938 At the end of September, the four countries of Britain, France, Germany and Italy held a meeting in Munich and signed the Munich Agreement.
According to the agreement, the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia and the southern region bordering Austria were ceded to Germany, and the Czech side withdrew from the above territories within ten days; Britain and France against Czechoslovakia.
4. The knowledge points of junior high school history summarize the nature of major historical events in junior high school history. 1. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement was a great peasant movement against feudalism and aggression. 2. 1894- 1895 The nature of the Sino-Japanese War was an aggressive war provoked by Japan's attempt to conquer Korea and invade China with the support of western powers. 3. The nature of the Boxer Rebellion-the peasant anti-imperialist patriotic movement 4. The Nature of Westernization Movement-A Self-help Movement of a Failed Feudal Ruler 5. The Nature of the Reform Movement of 1898 —— A top-down bourgeois reform movement 6. The Nature of the Revolution of 1911 —— A great bourgeois-democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism in China's modern history. The nature of the New Culture Movement is China's. 9. The nature of the Northern Expedition-the bourgeois democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism 10. The essence of Nanjing citizens * * *-represents the interests of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie 1. May 4th spirit-patriotism, progress, democracy and science. Jinggangshan spirit-firm belief, hard work, seeking truth from facts and daring to innovate. 3. The spirit of the Long March-the revolutionary optimism spirit of strengthening the revolutionary ideals and beliefs and firmly believing that the just cause is bound to win; Not afraid of any difficulties and obstacles, indomitable revolutionary heroism, not afraid of sacrifice; Share life and death with the people, adversity and * * *, unity and mutual assistance, unity is strength. 5. Yan 'an spirit-the spirit of hard struggle; It is the spirit of serving the people wholeheartedly; It is the spirit of integrating theory with practice and constantly pioneering and innovating; It is the spirit of seeking truth from facts; It is the entrepreneurial spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle. Anti-Japanese spirit-patriotism, heroism and national unity. Xibaipo spirit-two revolutionary spirits of "dare to struggle and dare to win"; Two "good" scientific spirits (good at destroying the old world and building a new world); Two democratic spirits of "persistence" (persisting in relying on the masses and persisting in unity and unity); Two Necessary Entrepreneurial Spirits (we must maintain the style of modesty and prudence and the style of hard struggle). 8. The spirit of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea-① the patriotic spirit of putting the interests of the motherland and the people first and striving for the dignity of the motherland and the nation; (2) the revolutionary heroic spirit of being brave and tenacious and risking one's life to forget one's death; (3) the revolutionary optimism spirit of not being afraid of difficulties and always maintaining high fighting spirit; (4) Fulfill the mission entrusted by the motherland and the people, and generously give all your revolutionary loyalty; ⑤ The spirit of internationalism for the cause of peace and justice of mankind. 9. Lei Feng spirit-the spirit of * * * productism of serving the people wholeheartedly. I hope it helps you. It's been 1 years since I graduated from college.
5. Who can help me summarize the knowledge points of history? Only Beijing Normal University Edition! (I don't know if I can, 15. 16 sum it up by myself and try it according to the form provided, which will help you! )
13 lesson
Unification of Qin Dynasty: The Battle of Qin and Zhao in 260 BC. The six countries were unable to resist the attack of Qin.
From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, Ying Zheng successively annexed Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu and Yanqi. Establish the first unified multi-ethnic centralized state in Chinese history, the Qin Dynasty, with Xianyang as its capital.
The demise of Qin Dynasty: In the summer of 209 BC, Guangwu osawa Township, Chen Sheng Uprising. "Princes and princes will meet, which one would you rather have?" The first large-scale peasant war in the history of China dealt a heavy blow to the brutal rule of the Qin Dynasty.
In 207 BC, the battle of Julu in Xiang Yu. Liu Bang captured Xianyang and the Qin Dynasty perished.
In 206-202 BC, there was a war between Chu and Han. Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty, with Chang 'an as its capital. The Western Han Dynasty began.
Background (conditions) of Qin's reunification: (1) Since the Warring States Period, reunification has become the general trend. After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin became the strongest country among the seven countries, which laid a solid foundation for reunification. (3) After the battle of Changping, the six countries could no longer resist the offensive of Qin. (4) Qin Shihuang's great talents are sketchy.
Significance of Qin unification: (1) It ended the feudalistic scuffle since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, established the first unified multi-ethnic centralized state in the history of China, and pushed the history of China to a brand-new stage. After the reunification of Qin, people can have a relatively stable production environment. ⑶ The Qin Dynasty carried out many measures to eliminate the separatist factors, which strengthened the economic and cultural ties of various regions. These measures lasted for more than 2,000 years and laid the foundation for China's long-term reunification.
6. What are the basic knowledge points of studying world history? Please provide you with a learning idea, hoping to help you with your study.
World history is not the history of China, and the region is limited to such a region, covering the whole world, but sometimes it is not in such a big world, but in several countries or regions. Identify several turning points that affect the great development of world history. Personally, I think it is: 1. Great geographical discovery II. The first industrial revolution. The second industrial revolution. World War I 5. World War II grasped these points and strung together world history around them. At the same time, we can understand the background, conditions, production, process and influence of these points. Then you will have a general framework of world history in your mind. Then what we have to do is to carefully put all kinds of books (referring to all kinds of small knowledge points) on the existing shelves.
7. What are the aspects of a historical knowledge point, such as background, content and influence? What are you talking about? The contents generally include:
1, historical background
(domestic+international) (economy+politics+culture+) ...)
(1) economic background = productivity+relations of production+economic structure+economic pattern+ ...
(2) Political background = political situation+system+system+policy+class+nationality+diplomacy+military+ ...
(3) Cultural background = ideology, religion+science and technology+education+ ...
2. Historical conditions: basically the same as background analysis, with more emphasis on favorable factors.
3. Cause breadth: Cause = subjective (internal cause)+objective (external cause)
⑴ Subjective reasons: the initiation of the event, economic, political and ideological factors within the participants.
⑵ Objective reasons: natural, social environment, external economic, political and ideological factors.
The breadth of reasons is basically the same as that of background analysis, with the background focusing on static analysis and the reasons focusing on dynamic analysis.
4. The depth of the cause:
Reason: → Direct → Main → Basic
(1) Direct cause: the most direct accidental factor (fuse, excuse, etc. ) causes the event to happen.
⑵ Main reasons: including subjective and objective factors that triggered the incident.
(3) Roots: historical trends (development of productive forces, requirements of the times)+subjective needs, etc.
There are both grade differences and contact infiltration between them. For example, the direct cause of the May 4th Movement was the failure of China's diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference. The main reasons involved various contradictions at home and abroad at that time, including imperialist aggression, the dark rule of Beiyang warlords, the development of national capitalism, the growth of the proletariat, the influence of the October Revolution, the spread of Marxism and other factors. The root cause is the deepest factor among the main causes.
5, contradiction analysis:
Contradictions between productive forces and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, class contradictions, intra-class contradictions, ethnic contradictions, religious contradictions and contradictions among different interest groups. ...
6. Process, result, influence, significance, function, comparison, characteristics, etc.
8. Historical Knowledge Points Changes of Social Life in Modern China Wednesday, February 24th, 2008 09:22 Changes of Social Life in Modern China This part mainly tells the changes of social life in modern China, mainly aiming at the subtle influence of industrial society on backward China, because this part reflects the changes of modern China society from the aspects of food, clothing, housing, transportation and social customs in modern China society.
If students simply understand and master this book, they will lose the meaning of this part of the design. So I designed this teaching idea: 1, the idea of regional environment design. We live in Yantai, a port city forced by modern China society.
So I designed an idea: Suppose you live in modern Yantai, China. One day, you are going to visit relatives in Shanghai. You have to do two things: First, how do you get in touch with your relatives and tell them that you are going to visit them? Second, how do you plan to go to Shanghai? These two questions are designed to let students draw a conclusion after reading the textbook, that is, what kind of practical impact has the achievements of the industrial revolution had on our travel and communication? It can also make students truly feel the influence of the achievements of the industrial revolution.
Through students' different answers, it not only stimulates students' interest in learning, but also allows students to answer how you can design to go to Shanghai now, so that learning can be closely linked with our present life. Studying history is to apply what you have learned.
2. Creative design of tourism. This idea is closely related to the idea of the first question, so that this part of knowledge can be closely combined, rather than making students feel strange.
My design idea is: One day, when you arrive in Shanghai, your relatives will show you around Shanghai. The problem is to explain what you saw in Shanghai through your vision and try to explain the following reasons.
To this end, I divided my classmates into four groups: fashion group, food group, etiquette group and accommodation group. Then, by reading the textbook, let different groups explain what they have heard and seen, and explain the reasons. If the students in this group miss the answer, ask the students in other groups to add explanations. Different groups can also form a big challenge.
Students' interest in learning is unprecedented, and they discuss, compare and explain. This class really played a very good role.
3. Design ideas of after-class questions: First, let students try to write the questions themselves. The second is to ask students to add options to the topics written by students.
Third, teachers design test questions and let students fill in the options. This not only improves students' interest, but also mobilizes students' thinking, rather than simply letting students do it.
The design of the above classroom fragments has been recognized by students and is also a great encouragement to me. In the later teaching process, I tried to create a new mode of thinking, which made the classroom effect better and made students like history better.