Who are the poets who traveled around the mountains and rivers? Let’s give a few examples.
Literary historians like to divide writers into factions. For example, poets are divided into different factions, one of which is called the Landscape Pastoral School. Poets included in this school include Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei Yingwu, Liu Zongyuan and others. In fact, not all poets of this school particularly like to travel. At the same time, not all poets of this school stay at home. On the contrary, some poets who belong to the landscape pastoral school do not necessarily like to travel to the mountains and rivers, while some poets who do not belong to this school are enthusiastic lovers of landscapes.
It should be said that Wang Wei prefers to enjoy landscapes and pastoral scenery, but he does not seem to be particularly interested in visiting famous mountains and rivers. Wang Wei's interests tend to be quiet, and he cares about the mood and meaning of the scenery. He has no curiosity about those famous landscapes. After getting Song Zhiwen's Wangchuan villa, he liked to invite Pei Di and other poetry friends to hang out and sing poems. The scenic spots in the bieye, such as Huazigang, Lihu, Zhuli Pavilion, Liulang, Zhuyuba, Xinyiwu, etc., have all been written into poems. In his early years, Wang Wei was sent as an envoy to the fortress and wrote a famous sentence such as "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river." However, most of his life was spent in semi-official and semi-hidden life in Chang'an, and Wangchuan Villa was his main place to visit.
Meng Haoran spent his whole life wandering between seeking an official position and returning to seclusion. In his prime, he traveled across Wu and Yue and visited many more scenic spots than Wang Wei. He also left behind some works describing the landscapes he visited. Meng Haoran may be the poet who traveled the most to landscapes among the pastoral poets of the Tang Dynasty.
The connection between Wei Yingwu and Liu Zongyuan with Shanshui Tianyuan is related to their official career experience. They all held official positions such as governors in the local area. Wei Yingwu once served as the governor of Chuzhou (today's Chu County, Anhui Province), Jiangzhou (today's Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), Suzhou (today's Jiangsu Province) and other places, so he wrote famous landscape poems such as "Chuzhou West Stream". After Liu Zongyuan failed to participate in Wang Shuwen's reform, he was first demoted to Yongzhou Sima, and ten years later he was changed to Liuzhou Governor. Therefore, his poems and essays describe some of the landscapes in Yongzhou and Liuzhou. It is very likely that, in terms of temperament, Wei Yingwu and Liu Zongyuan were both people who had no special interest in landscapes.
Of course there were poets in the Tang Dynasty who were particularly fond of landscapes, and there were quite a few of them. Based on our temporary inspection, a brief list is as follows:
Song Zhiwen, a native of Hongnong in Guozhou (today’s Lingbao County, Henan Province) or Fenzhou (today’s Fenyang County, Shanxi Province), once paid tribute to Zhang Yizhi was demoted to Longzhou (today's Luoding County, Guangdong Province) to join the army and went to the Lingnan area. Later, he was demoted to the position of chief historian of Yuezhou (today's Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) because of his crime. Later, he was exiled to Qinzhou (today's Qin County, Guangxi), where he was ordered to commit suicide. It can be seen that this poet of low character has visited many places in his life. The Lingnan region was not a place he wanted to go, and unlike Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, he was not able to take things easy and travel around the mountains and rivers of Lingnan. However, historical records record that when Song Zhiwen was in Yuezhou, he climbed mountains, drank wine and composed poems. The biography of "New Book of Tang" records that he once "lived in Shanxi Mountain in poverty, spent time drinking wine and composing poems". Yanxi is in today's Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province, that is, the upper reaches of the Cao'e River. That area was once the venue for some celebrities from the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Li Duan, a native of Zhaozhou (today's Zhao County, Hebei Province), was a Jinshi. After working as a Beijing official for a while, he resigned because of illness and once lived in Caotang Temple in Zhongnan Mountain. Later, he served as Sima of Hangzhou. He once bought some fields at the foot of Huqiu Mountain and ran a manor. It is said that Li Duan later moved to Hengshan and called himself "The Youren of Hengshan". In the meantime, "playing the piano and reading "Yi", climbing high and looking into the distance, my mind is at a loss."
Zhang Wei, a native of Hanoi (today's Biyang County, Henan Province), likes to appreciate the scenery of lakes and mountains. His poem "Wine Tour on the Lake" says: "I never tire of sitting on the lake and the moon at night, and I never tire of walking on the lake and the mountains during the day." There is a statue in front of me, and everything in my heart seems to be at ease."
Yao Xi, a native of Hezhong (today's Yongji County, Shanxi Province), and Wei Yingwu, a poet, "liked to travel to famous mountains" and "went with the people who lived in the forest and valley." He also entertained people, and his interest was transcendent" (Volume 5 of "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty").
Yin Yao Fan was a native of Xiuzhou (today's Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province). He traveled to many places in his life, including today's Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian. Waiting places. Volume 6 of "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" mentions that he "enjoyed the pleasures of hills and valleys". It is said that he himself once said this: "If I don't see the mountains and rivers for a day, and talk to the common people, I will feel the dust in my chest, and my breath will be turbid." Pour the mash and talk to relieve the filthy ears."
Zhang Hu was born in Gusu (today's Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). According to various documents, this famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty loved landscapes and landscapes very much. Visit temples, and often compose impromptu poems wherever you go. He has left poems on Lingyin and Tianzhu in Hangzhou, Lingyan and Langjia in Suzhou, Huishan and Shanjuan in Changzhou, and Manlu and Zhaoyin in Runzhou (Zhenjiang). The poet Li She once gave him a poem when he was in Yueyang. The poem said: "In the temple on the lake in the southwest of Yueyang, the water pavilion and the pine room are full of words. A new poem written by Zhang was written, but it is tasteless to recite it since then." It can be seen that Zhang Hu's inscription is tasteless. The poetry was well received by the poets of his time. In order to understand his poems more intuitively, let's give a few examples. There are two sentences in "The Zen Room of Ten Thousand Taoists": "The setting sun passes over the distant water, and the fallen leaves are all over the sparse bells." There are two sentences in "Inscribed on Jinshan Temple": "The shadows of the temple are seen in the shadows, and the bells are heard on both sides." "Inscribed on Gushan Temple" has this Four sentences: "Mountains grow moist without rain, and are cloudy without Feng Shui. Broken bridges are barren and moss astringent, and empty courtyards are filled with deep flowers."
Chen Tao, a native of Jianpu (today's Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province), after failing many times , without seeking advancement, "traveled to famous mountains as much as he wanted, calling himself 'Three Religions Commoners'."
From the collections of poems preserved by the poets to this day, the number of poets in the Tang Dynasty who visited famous mountains and rivers was even greater Big. For example, the great poets Li Bai and Du Fu, although there is no literature specifically emphasizing their love of landscapes, nor are they classified by literary historians as the landscape pastoral school. But in fact, the number of famous mountains and rivers they visited is beyond the reach of ordinary poets of the landscape pastoral school. Not only are the quantity of their poems describing landscapes no less than those of the representative poets of the landscape pastoral school, but the quality is also no worse than them.
Li Bai once declared, "It is a pleasure to travel to famous mountains in life, and I will never travel far to find immortals in the Five Mountains." In order to seek immortals and learn Taoism, and to appreciate the mountains and rivers, he traveled long distances and was not afraid of lofty mountains. In his hometown of Sichuan, he went to Chengdu and visited Mount Emei; he left his hometown and took a boat eastward to Hubei. With Anlu as the center, he not only roamed around Hubei, but also visited Luoyang, eastern Shandong, Wuyue, and Mount Tai. , Nanjing, and various Wuyue scenic spots left his footprints; after leaving Chang'an, he entered a wandering period centered on Liangyuan and Donglu. His footprints spread all over today's Shandong, Hebei, and Anhui, and there are really traces of his feet everywhere; When the Anshi Rebellion broke out, he took refuge in Yanzhong and Lushan successively. Because he participated in the Yongwang Li Lin shogunate, he was considered a rebel and was punished by being exiled to Yelang. He was pardoned halfway and moved east along the Yangtze River, finally settling in Dangtu, Anhui. With his temperament and rough fate, Li Bai almost became a traveler.
In his early years, Du Fu visited today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and roamed twice in Shandong and Hebei for eight or nine years; when he was seeking an official position, he was mainly active in Chang'an; when he was an official, he traveled to today's Between Tianshui, Gansu, Xi'an, Shaanxi, and Luoyang, Henan; after resigning, he stayed briefly in Gansu, and then took his family over the Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains to Chengdu, Sichuan. During the four or five years he settled in Chengdu, he traveled to and from northeastern Sichuan. In the Zizhou, Mianzhou and Langzhong areas, we visited Jianmen, Qingcheng Mountain and other places; after leaving Chengdu by boat, we went eastward along the Yangtze River and lived in Fengjie today for two years, staying in many towns along the way; finally we arrived in Hubei, Hunan area. It can be said that Du Fu visited half of China. In the words of Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty, Du Fu "walked half of the nine states hungry". In terms of famous mountains, there are three of the Five Mountains that Du Fu visited and left poems about, Mount Tai in the East, Mount Huashan in the West, and Mount Heng in the South; in terms of rivers, Du Fu visited all of the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Xiangjiang River. Among them, the Yangtze River was once a long distance and long time The family took a boat trip.