Eager to read the original text and answers in the senior high school entrance examination
Meinong Town, Kaohsiung County, an important Hakka cultural center in Taiwan Province (15 points)
(1) Minon was originally named "Minon" because it was often filled with smoke during reclamation. Meinong Town is located in the east-central part of Kaohsiung County. Meinong Town has a special geographical position, surrounded by mountains on three sides: east, north and west, with a beautiful green plain in the middle and Meinong Mountain peak in the north. The main peak "Moonlight Mountain" is more than 600 meters above sea level, and the peak is rich and round. In the first year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1736), Lin Fengshan and Lin Guishan, the leader of the right team, led more than 40 people from various clans to reclaim land in Meinong, and set up the "Kaiji Bogong altar" at the foot of Lingshan, which became the ancestor of Hakka people to develop Meinong. Meinong's mountains and rivers gave birth to rich Hakka culture, which lasted for more than 260 years. More than 90% of the residents in Meinong Town are Hakkas, and their food, clothing, housing, transportation and music show the wisdom created by Hakkas to adapt to the environment during their migration. Today, MINO is famous for preserving the most complete Hakka culture in Taiwan Province, and is also famous at home and abroad for its Hakka cultural characteristics, becoming a major Hakka cultural town in Taiwan Province Province.
② Most of the ancestors of Meinong people came from Jiaoling and Meixian in Jiaying, Guangdong. Most of the townspeople make a living by farming, with simple folk customs, industrious housekeeping and harmonious neighbors. In the past, after hard farming, Mino people often entertained themselves by singing folk songs, and "Mino folk songs" also formed a school of their own in Taiwan Province Province. Most citizens believe in Buddhism. Parents attach great importance to their children's education, and the master's degree and doctor's degree trained in Meinong Town ranks first in Taiwan and has outstanding performance in all walks of life. Dr. MINO also established the only "MINO Doctor and Scholar Association" in Taiwan Province Province, which shows that the education level of MINO children is enough to stand out in the world.
(3) MINO's economic industry is famous for taro leaves. The yield of taro leaves accounts for a quarter of that of Taiwan Province, so it is called "Taro City". The income of taro leaves is often an important source of education funds for children in ordinary families. The exquisite oil-paper umbrella with humanistic characteristics was introduced from Chaozhou, Guangdong Province after the Anti-Japanese War. It has the characteristics of light, strong and practical material. From production to painting, it is handmade and has become one of the symbols of Mino. As long as people mention Mino, they will think of "oiled paper umbrella".
④ Ceramic art is a rising star of MINO industry. After a long period of exploration and study, the potters tried various glaze drugs made by themselves on various clays with different properties, and produced many unique ceramic works, among which the works of MINO, Dongmen, Shiqiao and Meitaofang were the most famous and won the reputation of "hometown of ceramics". Hakka cuisine is a major feature of Meinong, which is salty, fragrant and fat. Among them, famous dishes such as braised pork feet, dried plum meat, silk sausage and meinong noodles are always mouth-watering. Oil-paper umbrellas, pottery and Hakka dishes can be said to be "the treasures of Meinong".
⑤ MINO Lake is a famous tourist attraction in Taiwan Province Province. The northwest of the lake is backed by mountains and surrounded by fields on three sides. It has beautiful scenery and is also a good place for migratory birds to live in winter. Other attractions include Yellow Butterfly Cuigu, Zhutoujiao Tropical Botanical Garden, Jingzi Pavilion and Chung Li-ho Memorial Hall.
MINO can be said to be the only remaining hometown of Hakka culture in Taiwan, which is worth visiting and learning by Hakka folks and Hakka culture lovers. (Text/Jiang from Hakka around the world)
Please underline the central sentence of the article. (3 points)
12. After reading the above, we know that Meinong Town has famous specialties such as pottery, pottery and Hakka food, and Hakka culture such as simple folk customs, belief in Buddhism and emphasis on education. (3 points)
13. The following is the understanding of the above, which is incorrect (). (3 points)
A. judging from the genre of the article, the above is an explanatory article. B. the structure of the article is total-minute-total.
C. The first paragraph of the article is mainly narrative and lyrical. D. The language of the article is easy to understand, vivid and accurate.
14. After reading the above, it seems that you have visited MINO City. If you write down your feelings about Mino in one word, the word is □. (3 points)
15. What kind of feelings does the author have for MINO Town after reading the article? (3 points)
I found that:
Answer: 1 1. 3 Minutes MINO is famous for preserving the most complete Hakka culture in Taiwan Province, and is also famous at home and abroad for its Hakka cultural characteristics, becoming a major Hakka cultural town in Taiwan Province Province.
12.3 points taro leaves and oil-paper umbrella; MINO folk songs
13.3 point c
14.3 cents.
15.3: Love (praise) Meinong.
In 2007, Xinjiang Urumqi ordinary high school entrance examination Chinese.
Desertification —— An Inevitable Problem
In the spring and summer of this year, frequent sandstorms in northern China once again aroused people's concern about desertification in China. What is desertification? From 65438 to 0990, the United Nations Environment Programme held a desertification assessment meeting in Nairobi, pointing out that today's desertification is "land degradation in arid areas caused by unreasonable human activities". Land degradation refers to the decline of land production potential, the loss of land resources (such as desert storms), the decline of biodiversity, and the emergence of surface morphology (such as sand dunes) that is not conducive to development and production. ?
Desertification, also known as desertification, is one of the manifestations of desertification and refers to the process of forming new deserts in non-desert areas. Generally speaking, the process of desertification formed by natural action is very slow. For example, climate drought often takes hundreds to thousands of years, while desertification caused by human activities may have serious consequences in just a few decades. Desertification occurs because it has the material basis of desertification-sand. These sandy lands are relatively stable because of the coverage of herbs or shrubs or the existence of "desert crust"; Once the vegetation or animals on the surface are destroyed, sand will flow and cause harm.
China has 2.636 million square kilometers of desertified land, accounting for 27.5% of the total land area, mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Hebei and other places, and the desertified area accounts for 98.5% of the national desertified area. In China's desertification land, the soil type is mainly sandy land, with1739,700 square kilometers. This is what we usually call desertification area or desertification area, accounting for 18. 1% of our total land area, or 66% of the total desertification area.
The types of desertification in China can be divided into four types: wind erosion (soil erosion caused by wind), water erosion (commonly understood as soil erosion), salinization (less soil erosion, but too much salt in the soil, which makes it difficult for plants to survive) and freezing and thawing (soil loss caused by soil freezing and melting). The area of these desertification types and their proportion in soil desertification factors are as follows: wind erosion 1.839 million square kilometers, accounting for 69.8%; Water erosion is 259,000 square kilometers, accounting for 9.8%; Salinization 17.4 km2, accounting for 6.6%, and freezing and thawing 13.8%.
The causes of desertification are nothing more than natural and man-made. As far as natural causes are concerned, the weather conditions and geological conditions that form desertification are independent of human will. For example, due to drought and strong winds, strong sandstorms often occur in the history of our country. The first reliable sandstorm record in Beijing history appeared in 440 AD. However, today's desertification is mostly related to human exploitation and utilization of natural resources. In areas with fragile ecological environment, unreasonable human production activities,
Drought, short-term climate fluctuation and lack of rain have accelerated the process of desertification. Therefore, the acceleration of land desertification in northwest China is largely caused by human activities.
At present, China must take all targeted scientific measures, strictly enforce relevant laws and regulations, build bioengineering and restore ecological nature, so as to effectively prevent land desertification and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
8. The most accurate understanding of the meaning of "desertification" is ()
Desertification is an unavoidable problem facing all mankind at present.
B Desertification is a process of land degradation in arid areas caused by unreasonable human activities.
C desertification is a process of land degradation in arid areas caused by natural or man-made reasons.
D. Desertification is a manifestation of the decline of land biodiversity and the appearance of landforms that are not conducive to production development.
9. One of the following statements is ()
A. land degradation is the final result of desertification.
B. if the vegetation on the sand surface is not consistent with the destruction, desertification will not occur.
C. The desertification area in China is close to 1/3 of the national total area, and it is still expanding.
D. the conditions for the formation of desertification are independent of human will.
10. What are the four main meanings of the article? In what order are they written?
1 1. Please illustrate these two statements and their functions.
In 2007, high school (technical secondary school) enrollment in Yunnan province curriculum reform experimental area unified examination Chinese.
Animals are also globalizing
In the wave of globalization, human societies around the world are more and more similar. People use the same technology products, pursue the same fashion, adopt the same lifestyle, and may even use the same language in the future. The concept of "global village" is no longer a new word. Humans are becoming more and more similar. People are still debating whether it is good or bad.
The same thing is happening in the world of wildlife. Wild animals everywhere are becoming more and more similar. Scientists criticize that due to the flow of human beings, wild animals and plants are also forced to join the ranks of globalization, making the regional differences of animal varieties weaker and weaker.
③ This phenomenon is called "biological homogenization". This phenomenon poses a great threat to the regional characteristics of biology, and has aroused great concern of natural resource protection and management theorists. In fact, people just started to realize what "biological homogenization" means not long ago. All living things live in all places, and as a result, there will be fewer and fewer species on the earth, and the species under the same species will become more and more single.
④ The most obvious threat to the regional differences of species is species invasion. Species use human global trade and transportation to invade other regions, which affects the survival of local species. For example, striped mussels spread to western Europe and North America by ship. These invasive species will throw the local food chain into chaos and deprive some local species of living space.
⑤ The greater threat to biodiversity comes from the change of human land use. The expansion of human cities and the fragmentation of habitats make the living environment of organisms more and more similar. This will lead to excessive prosperity of some kinds of creatures. Some highly adaptable species, such as cockroaches, crows, mice, raccoons, red foxes and deer.
⑥ Some birds with large brain capacity can cope freely when human beings transform the environment, know how to adjust their lifestyle according to the changes in the environment, and can quickly accept unprecedented food. And those "small-headed" birds will be hit hard and their numbers will drop rapidly. So in the process of urbanization, we will see more and more creatures, while others will disappear from our sight.
⑦ Due to some inappropriate human practices, the genetic resources of wild animal population are decreasing, and once the environment changes greatly in the future, it will seriously endanger the adaptability of the ecosystem.
15. What does animal globalization mean? As far as this article is concerned, what are the reasons for the globalization of animals? (3 points)
A:
16. There is a sentence in paragraph (2) that accurately and vividly shows that the globalization of wild animals is not the result of natural selection, but an ecological nightmare caused by unnatural factors. Please extract this word. ( 1)
A:
17. Paragraph 6 compares birds with relatively large brain capacity with birds with relatively small brain capacity by comparison. What is its function? (2 points)
A:
18. The explanation order of this article is logical, please briefly explain it with the content of the article. (3 points)
A:
Answer 15. Animal globalization is biological homogenization, that is, all creatures live in all places. In this way, there will be fewer and fewer species on the earth, and the species under the same species will become more and more single (1). As far as this article is concerned, the reasons leading to animal globalization are: biological invasion (1); Man-made changes in land use (1 min).
16.
17. It shows that birds with relatively large brain capacity can adapt to environmental changes better than birds with small brain capacity (1), and it also shows that the globalization of animals will lead to fewer and fewer species on the earth (1).
18. This paper first introduces the globalization of animals and plants caused by the trend of human globalization (pointing out the reality) (1), then explains the impact of species invasion and human land use change on species in turn (revealing the reasons) (1), and finally points out the serious harm caused by animal globalization to the ecosystem (pointing out the harmfulness) (1).
Shandong Province
Chinese examination questions of unified entrance examination for secondary schools in Binzhou City in 2007.
Submarine spacecraft
(1) As a supporting part of China's manned spaceflight project, the submarine spacecraft is expected to start launching tests in the second half of this year. By then, it will become the deepest manned submersible in the world, reaching 99.8% of the world's seabed.
(2) Submersible vehicles can be generally divided into three types. One is unmanned free-moving submersible, also known as underwater automatic robot. When a ship sails to a certain sea area and puts it down, it can automatically detect in the deep sea. The other is a cable-controlled submersible, which drags a long cable into the water, and then the deck controller takes samples, photographs and tests through the remote control and TV. The other is manned submersible, which can take marine scientists into the depths of the ocean, directly observe, analyze and evaluate on the seabed site, and operate the manipulator to achieve efficient operation.
(3) The 7000m manned submersible newly developed in China is 8m long, 3m wide and 3.4m high, made of special titanium alloy. In appearance, the "submarine spacecraft" is an oval sphere, which looks like a small whale and can accommodate three people: an operator and two scientists. At the front end of the submersible, a sealed glass porthole is installed, through which diving scientists can see the mysterious world outside. It has two counterweight blocks and a ballast tank. When it is necessary to dive, the ballast tank is filled with water and begins to dive. When it needs to hover in the water, it throws a counterweight, and if the power device is started at this time, it can work; Its two manipulators can grab 75 kilograms of minerals. When it needs to float, it throws a second counterweight, and at the same time, it fills the ballast tank with air and discharges seawater, so it can float. This design is to save the energy of the battery as much as possible and make it work continuously under water for 7 hours.
(4) Manned submersible is mainly used in deep-sea resource exploration, seabed mapping and sampling, hydrothermal sulfide survey, deep-sea biological gene sampling, deep-sea geological survey and other fields. In the past twenty years, manned submersible has made many scientific research achievements. 199 1 year, Russian and American scientists took Mir twice and discovered the largest hydrothermal ore body in the Atlantic Ocean so far. During the period of 1994, Russian scientists discovered a variety of hydrothermal organisms, including shrimp, mussels, eels and other representative biota. In the deep-sea geological research, Japanese scientists found cracks on the slope of the Japanese trench as deep as 6200 meters, and also found earthquake fault cliffs.
(5) Militarily, manned submersible can directly serve the construction of submarine military bases, and can also directly participate in modern mine warfare to complete submarine rescue, underwater salvage and other tasks.
(6)2 1 century, accelerating the development of deep-sea manned submersibles and building China into a maritime power in the new era is
The great and arduous historical task of the Chinese nation.
14. The "submarine spacecraft" in this paper specifically refers to: (1)
15. The selected text is clear, and the content explained in paragraph (3) is: (2 points)
16. This paper mainly uses underlined sentences to explain.
Answer with a sentence in the article. (2 points)
17. Please analyze the expressive function of the words in "Submersible can be divided into three types". (2 points)
18. Read the following three materials and talk about your understanding of the last paragraph of the selected works in combination with the full text. (3 points)
Link material 1: Academician Wang, the chief scientist of China's National 863 Program, pointed out that basic research in the deep sea is an important part of international marine competition in the 2nd1century. Deep-sea research is not only a gap that human beings need to fill urgently in understanding the earth, but also the key to national resources and security.
Link 2: Marine geologists estimate that there are about13.5 billion tons of oil and nearly 140 trillion cubic meters of natural gas on the seabed, and there are also extremely rich polymetallic nodules deposited on the seabed, of which uranium reserves are as high as 4 billion tons, which is 2000 times that of land.
Link material 3: Since 1990s, the most influential, extensive and difficult hot spots in the world have mostly occurred in the ocean or coastal areas. According to incomplete statistics, there are nearly 1000 disputed islands and reefs in the world. 2 1 century, the marine safety environment in China is not optimistic. Some people of insight abroad have reminded us many times: "In China waters, there are crises in more than 70% areas!"
Answer 14. 7000m manned submersible (newly developed by China).
【 Scoring standard 】 This question 1. The answer to "manned submersible" is not scored, and it can be written without brackets.
15. Structure and working principle of "submarine spacecraft" [Scoring standard] 2 points in this question, and the meaning is correct.
16. For example, in the past twenty years, manned submersibles have made many scientific research achievements.
[Scoring standard] This question has 2 points, each empty 1 point.
17 and "general" are restrictive words, indicating that this is a general classification, and there are other types; Due to lack of technology
Without progress, new types may be produced. The use of this word enhances the accuracy of explanatory language.
[Scoring standard] 2 points for this question, and points will be given as appropriate.
18, for example, it is very important to speed up the research of deep-sea manned submersible for the development of our country. The ocean is a huge treasure house of resources with great development potential; China maritime security crisis; We should overcome difficulties, speed up the research of deep-sea science and technology, and provide powerful resources and guarantees for the soaring of the Chinese nation and the prosperity of the motherland.
[Scoring standard] 3 points for this question. The importance of speeding up research, the richness of marine resources and the crisis of China's maritime security each get 1 point.
Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, in 2007, the Chinese examination questions for the senior high school entrance examination.
The science of dreams and scientific dreams
(1) a person's life, almost a third is spent in sleep, and sleep and dreaming, is everyone's experience:
(2) What is a dream? "Thinking day and night" is a popular and scientific explanation. Dreams, no matter how bizarre, are the reflection of brain activities, which are always related to people's experience, imagination and psychological characteristics-Freud believed that dreams are the reflection of psychological activities. Pavlov believes that "dreams are traces of various stimuli in the past, and now they are combined in the most unexpected way", emphasizing that it is a physiological reaction. Modern scientific research has proved that dreams are normal physiological and psychological activities of human beings and a special form of brain information processing. More precisely, it is the result that the right brain processes information independently after getting rid of the logical thinking of the left brain, such as induction and judgment. The right brain is sensitive, perceptual and good at thinking in images. When awake during the day, our thinking, work and life are "perceptual" and "rational" because of the mutual restriction and supplement of the left and right brains; When dreaming at night, the rest of the left brain is suppressed, and the right brain can process information freely without interference, which often leads to "emotion" and "reason" and many strange and even eccentric dreams.
(3) This abnormal logic of information editing and processing may be just a surprise or a nervous, fearful and sad dream for ordinary people. For poets, writers and other artists or scientists, it may be inspiration and inspiration, so there are many stories about dreaming. For example, Zhuang Zhou becomes a butterfly; Du Fu's dream, Li He's dream; Mozart's composition, Van Gogh's paintings, Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Verne's Around the World in Eighty Days all have legends of dreaming.
(4) Artistic creation is good at thinking in images, and the right brain is "original" and meticulous. It should not be surprising, but it seems a bit strange that scientists who are mainly logical thinking also get scientific enlightenment because of dreams; In fact, if you think about it carefully, you can understand that the development and breakthrough of science often require a new understanding of the original "science", or even a denial. The unruly right brain is often more daring to innovate and break through than the left brain. As we all know, there are several famous "scientific dreams": Kekule dreamed that carbon danced like a snake biting its head and tail, thus realizing the cyclic structure of benzene molecules, thus turning a glorious page in the history of organic chemistry; Mendeleev dreamed that elements were like a group of children, thus discovering the mystery of the periodic law of elements. Descartes and Einstein ... also had a "scientific dream".
⑤ From the science of dreams and scientific dreams, we can understand the dialectical relationship between "thinking in images and logical thinking". In sober days, we might as well boldly break through the old rules and "logical thinking". Perhaps new discoveries and inventions will give us inspiration and enlightenment in "daydreaming".
15. Why is dream a special form of brain information processing? (3 points)
A:
16, how to understand the "combination of emotion and reason" added in paragraph (2)? (3 points)
A:
17. What are the advantages of this article entitled "The Science of Dreams and Scientific Dreams"? (4 points)
A:
18. The article lists many stories of artists' "dream pen gives birth to flowers" and scientists' "scientific dreams". What are the similarities between them? What inspiration did you get from it? (4 points)
A:
Answer 15. Because when dreaming, the right brain can process information independently and freely without interference from the left brain.
Score: **3 points. As long as it has the right meaning.
16. It means that when people are awake during the day, their thinking, work and life are normal due to the mutual restriction and supplement of their left and right brains.
Score: **3 points. As long as it has the right meaning.
17. It not only summarizes the main contents of this paper, but also stimulates readers' interest in reading and inspires people to understand the dialectical relationship between "thinking in images and logical thinking".
Score: **4 points. As long as it has the right meaning.
18. Example: * * * Similarity: It is the result of breakthrough and innovation after the right brain gets rid of the role of the left brain.
Chinese examination questions of Jining senior high school entrance examination in 2007
In many places in China, colds are called "catching cold", which shows that colds are closely related to weather conditions. Colds can happen all year round, and winter and spring are the most common periods. This is because influenza virus is easy to parasitize in low temperature, dry and cold environment. Chinese medicine also believes that when the climate changes suddenly and the temperature is abnormal, the wind pathogen virus is most likely to attack the human body.
Clinical practice shows that whenever there is a "sudden change in weather", the number of people with colds often increases suddenly. "Sudden weather change" is mainly manifested in the drastic changes of meteorological factors such as temperature, pressure, precipitation, wind and temperature, which is generally brought by the frontal weather system (front, that is, the interface between cold air mass and warm air mass). Especially in winter and spring, the cold air in the north moves south from time to time, and the front activities are more frequent, which often induces stomach pain or other diseases.
The symptoms of people's colds are different in different seasons, that is, the so-called "four seasons flu": wind-cold flu (caused by cold in winter or cooling in spring), wind-heat flu (caused by high temperature in spring or rising temperature in autumn and winter), wet cold or cold (caused by high humidity and temperature in summer) and dry stomach (caused by dry air in autumn). Among them, the first two symptoms of stomach feeling are common headache, fever, stuffy nose and runny nose. The third kind of cold is often accompanied by chest tightness and joint pain. The feeling of dryness in the center of the stomach is generally accompanied by symptoms such as dry mouth and nose, disease-free cough or less phlegm, thirst and red tongue.
Therefore, "different from person to person" and "suitable for the day" should be the first principles to follow in preventing colds. Specifically, it is necessary to listen to and watch weather forecast programs according to one's own physique and on the premise of being familiar with the local weather and climate change laws. When the weather changes suddenly, you should change clothes and quilts in time and keep warm to prevent gastrointestinal flu caused by catching cold. In one or two days after the sudden change of weather, you should go to public places as little as possible to prevent colds.
(Excerpted from Qilu Evening News on May 20, 2007)
1 1. Draw up a suitable topic for this article. (2 points)
12. What are the seasons and causes of colds? (4 points)
13. How should we prevent colds? (4 points)
Answer 1 1. Answer: cold and weather (the relationship between cold and weather)
Score: **2 points. Just match the topic with the content.
12. answer: colds occur all year round, and winter and spring are the frequent periods. "Sudden weather change" (drastic changes of meteorological factors such as temperature, air pressure, precipitation, wind and temperature) and the invasion of influenza virus (wind pathogen virus) into human body are the main causes of colds.
Scoring: 2 points in each aspect, * * * 4 points, correct meaning.
13. Answer: Pay attention to the weather forecast. When the weather changes, keep warm to avoid catching a cold, and go to public places as little as possible to avoid catching a cold.
Scoring: 2 points per point, * * * 4 points, correct meaning.