What safety knowledge do primary school students have inside and outside school?
Part 1: Common sense about traffic safety
1. Common sense about road traffic safety
1. The meaning of the traffic light signal
(1) When the green light is on, vehicles and pedestrians are allowed to pass;
(2) When the red light is on, vehicles and pedestrians are not allowed to pass;
(3) When the yellow light is on, vehicles and pedestrians are not allowed to pass. Pedestrians can pass, but vehicles that have exceeded the stop line and pedestrians that have entered the crosswalk can continue to pass;
(4) When the yellow light flashes, vehicles and pedestrians must pass under the principle of ensuring safety.
2. Pedestrians must abide by the following regulations:
(1) They must walk on the sidewalk. If there is no sidewalk, they must walk to the side;
(2) Cross When crossing the roadway, you must use the crosswalk.
(3) It is not allowed to cross or sit on the crossing barriers.
(4) It is not allowed to pick up cars on the road, chase cars, forcibly stop cars or throw objects at cars.
(5) When passing through the road in formation, no more than 2 people are allowed in each row. Processions of children must march on the sidewalk.
3. Precautions for crossing the road:
When crossing the road, the risk factors you may encounter will greatly increase, so you should pay special attention to safety.
(1) When crossing the road, you must obey the instructions of the traffic police; you must abide by the traffic rules and "go on green lights and stop on red lights."
(2) When crossing the road, you must follow the crosswalk; in sections with overpasses and underpasses, you should consciously cross overpasses and underpasses.
(3) When crossing the road, walk in a straight line and do not cross in a roundabout way; on sections without crosswalks, you should first look to the left, then to the right, and only cross the road after confirming that no motor vehicles are passing.
(4) Do not climb over the safety guardrail and isolation pier in the center of the road.
(5) Do not cross the road suddenly, especially if there are acquaintances or friends calling from across the road, or the bus you want to take has already entered the station, you must not act rashly to avoid accidents.
4. Passengers must abide by the following regulations:
Motor vehicles such as cars and trams are the most commonly used means of transportation for people. To ensure safety, the following points should be paid attention to:
(1) When taking a bus (tram), you must wait in line, get on in order, and avoid crowding. When getting on or off, you should wait until the car has stopped, get off first and then get on, without fighting.
(2) Do not bring gasoline, firecrackers and other flammable and explosive dangerous goods into the car.
(3) When riding in a car, do not put your head, hands, and arms out of the window to avoid being scratched by oncoming cars or roadside trees; and do not throw debris out of the car window to avoid hurting others. .
(4) When riding in a car, you should sit firmly and hold yourself firmly. When there are no seats, you should naturally spread your feet and stand sideways. Your hands should hold the handrails tightly to avoid falling and injury when the vehicle brakes suddenly.
(5) When riding in cars or minibuses, seat belts should be fastened when riding in the front row.
(6) Try to avoid riding on trucks and tractors; when you must ride, never stand in the back compartment or sit on the carriage board.
(7) Do not hail a taxi on the motorway.
5. What safety matters should be paid attention to when riding a bicycle:
Compared with walking, there are more unsafe factors when riding a bicycle. The safety matters that need to be paid attention to are as follows:
< p> (1) Bicycles should be inspected frequently to keep them in good condition. It is especially important that the brakes and bells are sensitive and functioning properly.(2) The size of the bicycle must be appropriate. Do not ride children's toy bicycles on the street. Don't let people ride large vehicles.
(3) Do not learn to ride a bicycle on the road; children under the age of twelve should not ride a bicycle on the street.
(4) When riding a bicycle, you must drive on the right side of the non-motorized lane and do not drive in the opposite direction; when turning, do not rush and make sharp turns. You must slow down in advance, see the surrounding situation clearly, and signal with clear gestures that you are behind the wheel. Turn again.
(5) When passing through an intersection, drive slowly and pay attention to pedestrians and vehicles; do not run through red lights, stop and wait when encountering a red light, and continue moving forward when the light turns green.
(6) When riding a bicycle, do not let go of the handlebars with both hands, do not ride with multiple people, do not support each other, do not chase each other, and do not fight.
(7) Do not climb or support motor vehicles while riding, do not carry overweight objects, do not ride with people, and do not wear headphones to listen to the radio while riding.
(8) Learn and master basic knowledge of traffic rules.
2. Common sense of water traffic safety
my country’s waters are vast, and people will have many opportunities to take a boat when traveling. When a boat sails in the water, there are inherent dangers such as wind and waves, so Safety is very important when traveling by boat.
1. Do not take ships that carry out ultra-adventure voyages. In order to ensure shipping safety, the relevant management departments will issue safety certificates to all ships that meet safety requirements. When traveling, do not travel on unlicensed vessels.
2. Do not take ships other than passenger ships and passenger ferries.
3. Do not board overloaded ships or ships with mixed cargo and people.
4. Do not ride on overloaded ships. The safety of such ships is not guaranteed.
5. People must line up and get on and off the boat in order, and no crowding or fighting is allowed to avoid accidents such as crushing and falling into the water.
6. When the weather is bad, such as strong winds, big waves, thick fog, etc., you should try to avoid taking a boat.
7. Do not fight or chase in the bow or deck to prevent falling into the water. Don't crowd one side of the boat to prevent the boat from tilting and causing an accident.
8. Many equipment on the ship are related to ensuring safety. Do not move them arbitrarily to avoid affecting normal navigation.
9. When sailing at night, do not use flashlights to shine on the water or shore to avoid misunderstandings or misunderstandings that may cause danger to the driver.
10. In the event of an accident, stay calm and follow the instructions of the relevant personnel.
11. When taking a boat in a group, you should pay attention to: there must be a teacher to lead and direct, people must line up when getting on and off the boat, and no fighting or walking around is allowed; they must obey the instructions of the staff on the boat and maintain order on the boat.
3. Common sense of railway traffic safety
Pedestrians and vehicles should pay attention to the following when passing through railway crossings:
1. Pedestrians and vehicles should not At the passage, when you see or hear an approaching train, you should immediately hide 2 meters away from the railway rails. It is strictly forbidden to stay on the railway, and it is strictly forbidden to rush over the railway.
2. Vehicles and pedestrians passing through railway crossings must obey the instructions of crossing guards and crossing safety management personnel.
3. When the crossing railings (gates) are closed, the sounder sounds an alarm, the crossing signal displays a red light, or the crossing guard signals that a train is about to pass, vehicles and pedestrians are strictly prohibited from rushing to the other side and must proceed in turn. Park outside the stop line. If there is no stop line, park beyond 5 meters from the outermost rail (the gate or alarm should be located here). It must not affect the closing of the crossing railing (gate), and it must not hit, drill, or Climb over the crossing railing (gate).
4. At a railway crossing with a signal, when two red lights flash alternately or the red light is on steadily, it indicates that the train is approaching the crossing and vehicles and pedestrians are prohibited from passing.
5. When the red light is off and the white light is on, it means that the intersection is open and vehicles and pedestrians are allowed to pass.
6. When the red and white lights of a crossing signal are extinguished at the same time, you need to stop and look around, and only after confirming safety, can you pass.
7. When vehicles and pedestrians pass through unguarded crossings or pedestrian crossings equipped with crossing signals, they must stop or stop and look to confirm that there are no trains coming from both ends before passing.
Part 2: Fire safety knowledge
1. Basic knowledge:
1. Three conditions must be met for combustion: there are combustible materials, there are combustion-supporting materials, There is a source of fire.
2. Common fire sources include: open flames, high-temperature objects, sparks, electric sparks, strong light, etc.
3. Fires caused by factors in daily life mainly include: careless use of fire, careless use of electricity, careless use of oil, careless use of gas, careless smoking, playing with fire, setting off fireworks, etc.
4. Household flammable items include: wooden furniture, bedding, curtains, clothing, sofas, books, gas tanks, etc.
2. Fire prevention in schools and public places
1. Students are prohibited from bringing fireworks, firecrackers, crackers, matches and other flammable and explosive items into school.
2. Inflammable and explosive items used in experiments must be stored in a special warehouse and collected as needed. Do not store them on site.
3. Pay attention to the installation and use of electrical equipment frequently, and cut off the power supply after use.
4. Do not carry flammable and explosive items (such as gasoline, alcohol, etc.) to public places or take public transportation without fire.
3. Forest fire prevention
1. Teachers and parents should not bring fire into the mountains when taking their children for outings, hunting, grazing, or collecting herbs, and they are not allowed to smoke in mountainous areas.
2. When the school organizes students to travel to mountainous areas, it is strictly prohibited to organize picnics, bonfires and other activities.
4. Home Fire Prevention
1. Use stoves safely
(1) The chimney should be away from wires, ceilings, wooden walls, wooden doors and windows, etc., at least 100 meters away from each other. 0.2 meters or more.
(2) There should be protection around the furnace or more than 0.5 meters away from combustibles.
(3) When removing ashes and slag, do not dump them randomly and do not come into contact with combustibles. It is best to have a fixed safe place. You should be more careful when dumping ashes on windy days.
(4) When lighting a fire, never use gasoline, diesel oil, spray alcohol, etc. to ignite the fire.
2. Safe use of liquefied petroleum gas
(1) Liquefied petroleum gas stoves cannot be placed in bedrooms, offices, balconies or public places such as warehouses and auditoriums to prevent Air leakage and fire.
(2) Correctly master the use of switches. Wait for fire for gas, not gas for fire. Remember to turn off the valve and switch after use. If the valve is broken, replace it in time. Do not allow children to use the stove or play with the switches.
(3) When using liquefied gas, someone must supervise it and keep away from it. Pay attention to adjusting the size of the fire head at any time to prevent the soup from overflowing and extinguishing the flame or being blown out by the wind, causing outgassing.
(4) Liquefied gas tanks should be kept upright and cannot be placed upside down, let alone soaked in boiling water or grilled over fire.
(5) If air leakage is found, measures should be taken immediately: open doors and windows, use a fan to ventilate (but do not blow with an electric fan), and then look for the location of the air leak.
5. Basic knowledge of fire extinguishing
1. Isolation method: This is a method of eliminating combustibles.
2. Suffocation method: Prevent air from flowing into the combustion zone, reduce the oxygen content in the air, and prevent the fire source from getting enough oxygen and extinguish it.
3. Cooling method: Spray water or other fire extinguishing agents onto the burning material to reduce the temperature of the burning material below the ignition point, forcing the material to stop burning; or spray water and fire extinguishing agents onto the fire source. On combustible materials, lower the temperature of the combustible materials to avoid the expansion of the fire.
4. Emergency measures for minor fires:
If a fire occurs, call the police in time. For relatively minor fires that suddenly occur, students should also learn simple and easy ways to deal with emergency situations.
(1) Water is the most commonly used fire extinguishing agent. Fires involving wood, paper, cotton, etc. can be extinguished directly with water.
(2) Use soil, sand, soaked quilts or blankets to quickly cover the fire area to effectively extinguish the fire.
(3) Small fires can also be extinguished by using brooms, mops, etc.
(4) If there is a fire caused by oil, alcohol, etc., do not use water to put it out. You can quickly cover it with sand or soaked quilts.
(5) If a gas fire occurs, you can use a wet towel to cover the fire point and quickly cut off the gas source.
(6) If an electrical appliance catches fire, do not use water to put it out, nor cover it with wet items. Water is a conductor and doing so may cause electric shock. The correct method is to cut off the power first and then put out the fire.
(7) If possible, you can also learn how to use some simple fire extinguishers.
6. Alarm
In the event of a fire, call "119" quickly to call the fire brigade and organize personnel to put out the fire immediately. When putting out fires, you should first save people and then things, focus first and then general ones, cut off the power first and then put out the fire, and pay attention to downwind disaster relief, especially in wild fires. When extinguishing a fire, we generally use local materials, such as water, sand, soil and other fire-extinguishing equipment, and we must especially try to control the spread of the fire. It is strictly prohibited to mobilize and organize primary and secondary school students to participate in forest fire fighting work. At the same time, education and management should be strengthened to prohibit primary and secondary school students from participating in fighting forest fires. In the event of spontaneous fighting of forest fires, schools and relevant departments should promptly discourage them to prevent unnecessary casualties.
When calling the police, please pay attention to the following points:
1. Please indicate the district (county), street, township or village where the unit or household where the fire occurred is located. When there are duplicate names, distinguish them to avoid misunderstandings. If the names of places or units contain similar or easily confused words, they should be emphasized and stated clearly.
2. Please state clearly and fully the name of the unit, street and alley, do not use abbreviations.
3. Explain what substance caught fire and the size of the fire. This makes it easier for the fire brigade to decide on the vehicles and police forces it dispatches based on the burning objects and the size of the fire.
4. Please indicate the name of the person who called the police and the number of the telephone number used. Because the telephone number used by the alarm person is often close to the fire scene, the fire brigade can use this phone to inquire about the development of the fire before dispatching forces. , to facilitate command and deployment.
5. After the alarm is raised, someone familiar with the situation should go to the intersection closest to the fire scene to greet the fire truck or guide the passage, and provide information such as the location of the water source so that the fire can be put out quickly.
7. Self-rescue and escape
1. Escape from building fire
(1) Be calm and analyze, do not act blindly. Be clear about the floor you are on, remember the location and direction of stairs and doors; analyze the surrounding fire conditions, do not blindly open windows and doors, otherwise it will fuel the fire, and do not blindly run around or jump off the building, causing undue casualties.
(2) Choose an escape method well and don’t panic. If you must rush out of a building from fireworks, you should cover your head and face, especially your mouth and nose, with wet towels, clothes and other clothing, and walk in a low position to avoid choking. Although there was a fire downstairs, the fire was not big, so he rushed out from the stairs. If the stairs are broken and you cannot escape, you can use the dormer window, balcony, water leakage pipe, or use a rope (can be torn into pieces from clothes or bedding and tied into a rope) to be tied to a strong door or window, or a heavy object to slide down from the window. If you are forced to jump off the building on the second or third floor without the above methods, you should also throw some quilts and other objects to the position to increase the buffer, and then slide down with your hands on the window sill to reduce the height of the fall and ensure that your feet land on the ground. If all escape routes are cut off by the fire, you should retreat indoors and close the doors and windows. If possible, you can pour water on the doors and windows to delay the spread of the fire. You can also throw small objects out of the window or use a flashlight to call for help.
2. Do not use the elevator in a building with fire
During a fire, do not take the elevator, because the elevator shaft leads directly to all floors of the building, and smoke, heat, or gases can easily pour in. Due to the chimney effect, passengers cannot withstand the smoke and fire, and the elevator will lose control or even deform under high temperatures. When fighting a fire, water will easily flow into the interior of the elevator due to water damage, which will cause the risk of electric shock, and passengers will easily be trapped inside. Life-threatening.
If a fire occurs in a household appliance or gas stove, turn off the power or stove switch quickly, and never pour water on the appliance, wires or gas stove.
3. Self-rescue methods when a person is on fire
If your body is on fire, you must not run, otherwise it will get worse and worse. You can try to take off your clothes and hats, but if you don't have time, you can tear them apart and throw them away. If it's too late, you can lie down and roll on the ground, or jump into a pond, pond, or river. If other people are present, you can use wet sacks, blankets, etc. to wrap up the fire on the person. Never use a fire extinguisher to spray directly on the person on fire, because the agent will cause wound infection.
8. Why items cannot be piled in the corridor
Every building must have stairs. Stairs are usually used for people to go up and downstairs. In the event of fire or other emergencies, they are also used for Main means of evacuation. If there is any debris, it should be removed in time. Therefore, the stairway must be kept clear for safety.