What kind of place is Zhangjiakou, Hebei?
Zhangjiakou, formerly known as Bird, translated into English as Zhangjiakou or Chang-Jia-Kou, also known as "Bird Dida"/"Mountain City beyond the Great Wall", used to be called Kalgan, a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province, located in the northwest of Hebei Province, China. Across the east longitude 1 13 degrees 50 minutes to the north latitude 1 16 degrees 30 minutes to the north latitude 42 degrees 10 minutes. The maximum distance between north and south is nearly 300 kilometers, and the maximum distance between east and west is about 228 kilometers. It is one of the important cities in beijing-baotou railway, and it is also the end of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Expressway. The Great Wall has a pass here, and the famous Dajingmen is the main pass of the Great Wall.
It is divided into 4 districts, and 13 county and municipal government is located in Changqing Road, qiaoxi district, Zhangjiakou. Mayor/Party Secretary Gao Jinhao/Liu Yongrui. City Flower: Dahlia, with a total area of 36,800 square kilometers and a total population of 4.49 million.
history
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the north was the residence of Xiongnu and East Lake, and the south belonged to Yan State and Dai State.
During the Qin Dynasty, the south was changed to Dai Jun and Shanggu County.
During the Han Dynasty, it belonged to Wuhuan, Xiongnu and Xianbei.
In the Sui Dynasty, Zhuo Jun was in the east and Yanmen was in the west.
During the Tang Dynasty, most of the subordinates belonged to Yuzhou, Hebei Province.
The Northern Song Dynasty was Wuzhou, Yuzhou, Shengfeng, Naturalization, Confucianism and Puppet State.
Both of them belonged to Liao State in Southern Song Dynasty.
The Yuan Dynasty belonged to Xuande House, Shangdu Road, Zhongshu Province, and to Hehe Road in the northwest (governing Zhangbei today).
In the Ming Dynasty, Yanqing House, Baoan House, Yunzhou, Yuzhou and Wan all commanded the Twelve Guards.
In the fourth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1429), Zhangjiakou Fort was built, which belonged to Fu Xuan Town, the capital city.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were three halls in Koubei (Duolun Nuoer Hall, Dushikou Hall and Zhangjiakou Hall), and Zhangjiakou Hall was subordinate to the Ministry. The southern part belongs to Xuanhua House (governing Xuanhua today).
In the Republic of China, it belonged to Wanquan County, Xuanhua Prefecture.
In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), it belonged to Koubei Road, Chahar Special Zone, Zhili.
From 1928 to 1952, it is the capital of Chahar province.
In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), Zhangjiakou Special City was established. It is the seat of the government of the Shanxi-Chahar Border Region and the seat of the government of Chahar Province.
1952 12 In February, the organizational system of Chahar Province was abolished, and after the merger of Chanan Special Zone and Chabei Special Zone, it was called Zhangjiakou Special Zone, which was placed under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province and managed by the Special Zone.
1955 Xuanhua City was included.
1958 In May, Zhangjiakou City was changed to Zhangjiakou Special Zone.
1959 In May, the Zhangjiakou area was abolished, and the counties under its jurisdiction were transferred to Zhangjiakou City.
196 1 May, the Zhangjiakou area, Zhangjiakou city and its subordinate counties were restored.
1967 65438+February, Zhangjiakou area was renamed Zhangjiakou area, which governs Zhangjiakou city, and the county remains unchanged.
Xuanhua county was incorporated into 1983, and Zhangjiakou city was changed into a municipality directly under the central government of Hebei province in 1983+065438+ 10.
In July, 1993, 1, Zhangjiakou area and Zhangjiakou city merged and became Zhangjiakou city.
administrative division
Zhangjiakou City: covers an area of 36,829 square kilometers and has a population of 4.49 million. The Municipal People's Government is located in Changqing Road, qiaoxi district, with the postal code of 07506 1. The area code is 03 13.
Jurisdiction over four districts:
Qiaoxi district: area 1, 4 1 km2, population 230,000. Postal code 07506 1.
Qiaodong District: with an area of 1 13 square kilometers and a population of 250,000. Postal code 075000 (this postal code is often used in Qiaodong and qiaoxi district).
Xuanhua District: covers an area of 276 square kilometers and has a population of 290,000. Postal code 075 100.
Xiahuayuan District: covers an area of 3 15 square kilometers and has a population of 70,000. Postal code 075300.
Thirteen counties:
Xuanhua County: covers an area of 2,095 square kilometers and has a population of 300,000. Xuanhua District and County People's Government of Zhangjiakou City. Postal code 075 100.
Zhangbei County: covers an area of 4,232 square kilometers and has a population of 370,000. County People's Government in Zhangbei Town. Postal code 076450.
Kangbao county: It covers an area of 3,365 square kilometers and has a population of 280,000. County People's Government in Kangbao Town. Postal code 076650.
Guyuan County: covers an area of 360 1 km2 and has a population of 230,000. County People's Government is stationed in Pingdingbao Town. Postal code 076550.
Shangyi county: The area is 262 1 km2, and the population is 65438+900,000. The county people's government is located in Nanhaoqian Town. Postal code 076750.
Yuxian county: covers an area of 32 16 square kilometers and has a population of 460,000. County People's Government in Yuzhou Town. Postal code 075700.
Yangyuan county: area 1.834 square kilometers, population 280,000. County People's Government in Xicheng Town. Postal code 075800.
Huai 'an County: area 1.706 square kilometers, population 250,000. County People's Government in Chaigoubao Town. Postal code 076 150.
Wanquan county: area 1 158 square kilometers, population 220,000. County People's Government in Kongjiazhuang Town. Postal code 076250.
Huailai county: area 1.793 square kilometers, population 340,000. County People's Government in Shacheng Town. Postal code 075400.
Zhuolu County: covers an area of 2,799 square kilometers and has a population of 330,000. Zhuolu town and county people's government. Postal code 075600.
Chicheng County: covers an area of 5,238 square kilometers and has a population of 280,000. County People's Government in Chicheng Town. Postal code 075500.
Chongli: It covers an area of 2,326 square kilometers and has a population of 1.2 million. County People's Government in Xiwanzi Town. Postal code 076350.
geography
The city is located in the mountainous basin in the northwest of Hebei Province, bordering Bashang Plateau in the north and Yanghe River Basin in the south. It is a continental semi-arid climate in cold temperate zone, with an average annual precipitation of 406 mm and an average annual temperature of 7.5℃.
Xiaowutai Mountain is located at the junction of Yuxian and Zhuolu, with an average elevation of 2000 meters, of which Dongtai, the main peak, is the highest, reaching 2882 meters, which is the highest peak in Hebei Province.
The main city is located on both sides of Qingshui River, surrounded by mountains on three sides, with only a small plain in the south. The Great Wall winds through the mountains in the north and can be seen in the city. Due to the terrain, the main urban area is long and narrow from north to south.
Due to the climate, there are few green plants on the mountains around the city. After years of efforts by Qixin citizens, several forest parks and many scenic spots have been established with pleasant scenery.
nation
Ethnic groups are mainly Han, and there are Hui, Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan, Korean, Bai, Uygur, Yi, Li, Zhuang, Dong, Buyi, Gaoshan, Tujia, Miao, Kazak, Daur, Russian, Yao, Hani, Dai, She, Lahu and Xibe.
economy
Agriculture: corn, sorghum, millet, wheat, naked oats, sunflowers, rapeseed, broad beans, peas, kidney beans, mung beans, potatoes (including potatoes) and other crops and various vegetables are produced.
Industry: textile, machinery, metallurgy, electric power, food and chemical industries. Fur, tanning and wool and linen spinning industries are relatively developed, and they are known as the capital of skins. The products are called mutton and skin.
resources
The total land area of the city is 55.29 million mu.
Among them, the cultivated land is 6.5438+0662 million mu, accounting for 30.06% of the total area;
The park covers an area of 6.5438+0.27 million mu, accounting for 2.31%of the total area;
Woodland is/kloc-0.059 million mu, accounting for/kloc-0.9./kloc-0.6% of the total area;
Grassland is 7.92 million mu, accounting for14.34% of the total area;
654.38+0.56 million mu of residential and industrial land, accounting for 2.83% of the total area;
The traffic land is 570,000 mu, accounting for1.03% of the total area;
Water area118000mu, accounting for 2.14% of the total area;
Unused land/kloc-0.5 million mu, accounting for 28./kloc-0.3% of the total area.
The city's per capita land area is 12.3 mu, and the per capita cultivated land is 3.7 mu, which is 8. 1 mu and 2.2 mu more than that of Hebei Province's per capita land of 4.2 mu and per capita cultivated land of l.5 mu, respectively, both higher than the national and Hebei Province's per capita level.
In addition, the city is suitable for grazing grassland160,000 mu, accounting for 36.4% of the grassland area in Hebei Province, second only to Chengde City, and concentrated in Bashang four counties (Kangbao, Shangyi, Zhangbei and Guyuan), which is the animal husbandry base in Hebei Province. Animal husbandry has become the main industry in Bashang four counties.
The suitable forest area of the city is 6.5438+0.643 million mu, accounting for one third of the total land area of the city, mainly distributed in hills and mountains, second only to Chengde City in Hebei Province.
Rivers such as Sanggan River, Yanghe River and Chaobai River flow through the territory, and the basins formed along the rivers have fertile soil and good irrigation conditions, which are conducive to the development of agriculture and fruit industry and are the main grain and fruit producing areas in the city.
The city has found 83 kinds of minerals and 33 kinds of minerals with proven reserves.
Among them, there are 3 kinds of energy minerals, 2 kinds of black minerals, 4 kinds of nonferrous metals, 2 kinds of precious metals, 5 kinds of rare metals, 4 kinds of nonmetallic chemicals, other nonmetallic minerals 10 and 2 kinds of water-gas minerals.
In addition, there are 50 kinds of minerals with undiscovered reserves. There are *** 12 minerals in Hebei province, and the top four have 2 1 minerals.
Coal, iron, gold, lead, zinc, bentonite, zeolite, graphite, phosphate rock and other bulk minerals occupy an important position in Hebei Province.
The city's total water resources are 2 1.9 1 100 million cubic meters, and the per capita water resources are 487 cubic meters, of which the surface water resources are 65.438+0.545 billion cubic meters, and the average inflow in recent years is 654.38+0.36-654.38+0.40 billion cubic meters. At present, there are 27 surface water supply projects 127, with a total storage capacity of 710 million cubic meters, including 2 large reservoirs with a storage capacity of 230 million cubic meters; 6 medium-sized reservoirs with a storage capacity of 30 1 100 million cubic meters; Small reservoirs 1 19, with storage capacity1800,000 cubic meters. There are 40 irrigation districts with an area of over 10,000 mu, 359 ponds, 322 undercurrents and 8 13 pumping stations. Groundwater resources are 65.438+0.54 billion cubic meters, all of which are shallow water resources in the city, including 450 million cubic meters above the dam and 65.438+0.09 billion cubic meters below the dam.
The existing forest land area in the city is 6,543.8+0,059 mu, and the forest coverage rate is 20.4%.
Among them, there are 6,268,300 mu of shelter forest, 0.489 million mu of timber forest/kloc-0, 3.500 mu of economic forest, 0.025 mu of firewood forest/kloc-0, and 269,400 mu of special timber forest.
The standing stock is13.28 million cubic meters.
The nursery covers a total area of 38,000 mu, with an annual output of 560 million seedlings.
The annual output of dried and fresh fruits is 310.8 million tons.
The Three-North Shelterbelt Project crosses the urban boundary.
There are wild terrestrial plants 120 families, 5 13 genera and 1343 species in Zhangjiakou.
Among them, there are about 300 kinds of resource plants (including fiber, oil, starch and spices); About 300 species of medicinal plants; There are about 100 kinds of fruit trees; 38 species of wild aquatic plants.
There are 369 species of woody plants belonging to 62 families 129 genera in the city, which can be divided into seven categories: wood, industrial raw materials, medicine, dietary raw materials, honey sources, woody feed, greening and ornamental. Representative tree species are birch, Populus davidiana, Platycladus orientalis, Sophora japonica, apple, pear, grape and apricot.
Among the animal resources, there are 56 kinds of livestock, including cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, sheep, rabbits, raccoons and bees, among which cattle, horses and sheep have formed production bases, and beekeeping has formed a scale in Zhuolu and Huailai. Wild animal resources are mainly divided into mammals and birds 170 species.
There are wild animals such as leopard, wolf, fox, raccoon, Yellow weasel, wild boar, green goat, brown eared pheasant, lark, etc.
Freshwater fish mainly include silver carp, gill fish, carp, grass carp and Bashang high-backed crucian carp.
speciality
There are three famous treasures in Zhangjiakou: yam, oat noodle and fur coat ("yam" is the customary name for potatoes in Zhangjiakou; "Youmian" refers to naked oats powder, which is one of the main foods that Zhangjiakou people like. "Big leather clothes" refers to leather clothes produced in Zhangjiakou area because of its high altitude and cold winter climate. Zhangjiakou is one of the famous "leather capitals" in China. In addition, Zhangjiakou's specialties include Xuanhua milk grapes, Tricholoma, fluorite and so on.