Note: the book of remonstrance and expelling guests has been completed.
Reese in the pre-Qin dynasty
I thought it was too much when I heard that officials proposed to expel guests. There were a large number of foreigners in the Qin court as think tanks and guest officials, which caused dissatisfaction among local literati. Reese was one of them. If guest officials were to be expelled, Reese was also listed. Reese Reese (? ~ 28 years ago), at the end of the Warring States period, Shangcai, Chu (now Lisilou community, Chongyang Office, Shangcai County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province). Famous politician, writer and calligrapher in Qin Dynasty.
I'm a county official. I studied in Xun Qing. At the end of the Warring States Period, he entered the State of Qin, and was first appointed as Lv Buwei Scheeren, the prime minister of Qin, and was appointed as Lang. As a long history, I worship the guest. When the king of Qin ruled for ten years (the first 237 years), he wrote a letter urging the guests not to be expelled, which was adopted by the king of Qin. He also planned for Qin and the six countries, suggesting that South Korea should be captured first, and then the vassal States should be eliminated one by one to complete the great cause of reunification.
After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country in the 26th year (the first 221 years), as a Tingwei, he was ordered to negotiate the title of "Emperor" with the Prime Minister Wang Wan and Feng Jie. Later as prime minister, he toured with the first emperor many times. Oppose the proposal that Chun Yu and Yue enfeoffment their children, and advocate banning private studies and abolishing Poems, Books, Historical Records of Six Countries and "Hundreds of Languages". Taking Xiao Zhuan as the standard, I sorted out the words and made Cang Xie as a model essay.
After the death of the first emperor, Zhao Gao and Jiao Zhao forced Fu Su to commit suicide and made Hu Hai emperor. After the peasant uprising broke out at the end of Qin dynasty, he advised II to be more legal, practice "the art of supervising responsibility" and strengthen the monarchical power. After being falsely accused of rebellion by Zhao Gao, he was sentenced to five punishments and beheaded in Xianyang City, killing three families.
In the past, Miao Gong asked for a scholar, taking from Yu Rong in the west, learning from Wan in the east, welcoming Uncle Jian in the Song Dynasty, coming to Pi Bao and Sun Zhi in the Jin Dynasty. 1. Qin Miaogong: Qin Mugong (? -621 years ago), won the surname, Zhao, Ren Hao, from Yongcheng (now the southern suburb of Fengxiang County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). Politician in the Spring and Autumn Period, the ninth monarch of Qin State (reigned from 659 to 621), one of the "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period", Qin Degong had few sons.
In the first year of Qin Mugong (659 BC), Qin Mugong officially succeeded to the throne. After the succession, he appointed Priscilla and Uncle Jian as advisers, and made great efforts to defeat the State of Jin, capture Jin Huigong, and destroy the States of Liang, Rui and Slippery. In the 23rd year of Qin Mugong (637 BC), he helped Jin Huaigong to return to China and acceded to the throne, and in the 24th year of Qin Mugong (636 BC), he helped Jin Wengong to return to China and acceded to the throne, realizing the goodness of Qin Jin. In the thirty-third year of Qin Mugong (627 BC), Qin Mugong sent troops to attack the Central Plains, and suffered a disastrous defeat in the "Battle of Kan" and "Battle of Pengya", so the road to eastward advancement was not feasible. In the thirty-seventh year of Qin Mugong (623 B.C.), Qin Mugong developed westward, appointed Yu Yu as a counselor, gradually wiped out the Rong people's country, was given a golden drum by the Zhou Emperor, continued to attack Shu and Kansai (west of Hanguguan), opened up thousands of miles of territory, and was appointed as "the uncle of western princes" by King Xiang of Zhou, dominating Xirong, which made certain contributions to the development of Qin and the national integration in ancient western China.
In the thirty-ninth year of Qin Mugong (621 BC), Qin Mugong died and was buried in Yongcheng (now the southeast of Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), with posthumous title as Mu (a masterpiece).
2. Introduction to Yu Yu, one is Yu Yu, the 37th grandson of Han. (Shao Kang, the third son of Sun Xiayu, the fifth son of Xuanyuan Huangdi, also known as Han, was sealed in Wuyu; Yu was born in Tianshui in the Spring and Autumn Period. Yu Yu's ancestors were originally from the state of Jin, but they fled to Xirong to avoid chaos. Later, Yu Yu was ordered to go to the State of Qin. When he saw that Qin Mugong was wise and generous, he stayed in the State of Qin. In the first year of Qin Mugong (659 BC), he joined the State of Qin, and was appointed by Qin Mugong as Shangqing (i.e. Prime Minister), giving advice to Qin Mugong, helping the State of Qin to attack Xirong, and attacking twelve Rongguo, such as Jinzhurong, Yaorong, Zhairong and Yi Qu, at one stroke, and then dominating Xirong, making Qin rank among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Yu Yu's descendants took his name as their surname, which was called You Shi and Yu Shi. On January 2, 623 BC, Yu Yu died of illness, and Qin Mugong was so sad that he stopped for one day to express his condolences. He also built four graves for him: three in Yongzhou, Shaanxi, Dingshan and Xi 'an in Wugong County, and Wugong Mountain in Huai 'an Prefecture in the south of the Yangtze River.
3. Bai lixi (about 725-621 BC), surnamed Jiang, Bai Richi, named Xi, with a clear word, was born in Yuguo (now Pinglu North, Shanxi) in the Spring and Autumn Period. Famous statesman and thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period.
prissy was originally a doctor of Yu Guo. After Jin Xiangong cut Guo by false means, he destroyed the state of Yu and captured Priscilla. As a dowry slave of Mrs. Qin Mugong (Muji), she was sent to the State of Qin. Prissy fled the state of Qin and went to Wanyi, Chu. Qin Mugong exchanged five pieces of black sheepskins from the market and became a doctor in Qin, known as "Doctor Wu". (I, Chinese character, pronounced gǔ, from Ming Feng Menglong's History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, refers to a black ram, or a goat or castrated sheep. During the period of presiding over the state administration of Qin, Li Xi advocated civilized education, implemented the policy of "attaching importance to the people", repaired the state administration from the inside, tried to dominate Xirong, unified the northwest region, and promoted the rise of Qin. During this period, Qin Xiaogong called it an era of "extraordinary beauty". The history contains "three kings of the state of Jin", "saving the disaster of Jingzhou" and "sending teachings to the interior, while Ba people pay tribute; Shi De was a vassal, but Ba Rong came to serve ",which made Qin one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, and laid a solid foundation for the rise of Qin and the unification of the six countries. It can be called a generation of famous faces. ? In the thirty-ninth year of Qin Mugong, Priscilla died.
4. Uncle jiǎn (Ji ǐ n radical: foot five strokes: PFJH interpretation: 1. Lame. 2. slow; Not going well. 3. refer to the horse. Also refers to the donkey. ) (about 69-61 years ago), the son surnamed Zhou, was born in Luoyi, Song State (now Linhuan Town, Suixi County, Huaibei City, Anhui Province). A famous politician and strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period.
When I traveled to Qi in my early years, I took in Priscilla. Later, after being recommended by Priscilla, he entered the State of Qin, assisted Qin Mugong, granted a doctor, and moved to the right. Opposing Qin Mugong's sneak attack on Zheng was not adopted, which led to the battle of Kan, Qin Jun was ambushed by the Jin army, and the whole army was wiped out, and the coach Meng Mingshi was captured. Qin Mugong was one of the "Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period" with his heart.
Qin Kanggong died in the eleventh year at the age of eighty-one.
? 5. Pi Bao (the year of birth and death is unknown), the son of Pi Zheng, a doctor of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, fled to Qin after Pi Zheng was killed by Jin Huigong and became a doctor of Qin. Because of Jin's hatred of killing his father, he was bent on persuading Qin Mugong to attack Jin.
? 6. GongSunZhi (the date of birth and death is unknown), with a surname of Won, a famous branch (as GongSunZhi in the Annals of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty), the word Zi Sang, a native of Qizhou (now Fengxiangnan, Shaanxi Province), is the ancestor of today's Sang surname and a doctor of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Recommended prissy to Qin Mugong. Gongsun branch, also known as Gongsun Zisang. Doctor Qin. During Qin Mugong's period, Jin Huigong carried Qin back, and people were hungry, so he asked Qin to borrow grain. Some people advised Qin Mugong to take the opportunity to attack Jin. He advocated transporting grain to Jin to win the hearts of the people, and his plan was adopted by Qin Mugong.
The four Qin Mugong-era figures involved in this sentence are all counselors who grew up in Qin, came from various waiting countries and had different experiences. They all assisted Miao Gong, made suggestions, and even betrayed the monarch of the old country, making Qin one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Reese used the contribution of historical figures to explain that Ke Qing was beneficial to Qin and could be loyal to Qin, so as to refute the criticism of local officials on Ke Qing.
These five sons were not produced in the Qin Dynasty, but were used by Miao, who merged with the country for twenty years, thus dominating Xirong. Dominate Xirong:
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many Rong Di tribes and small countries living in the present Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia area, such as Kunrong, Mianzhu and Zhai in the west of Longshan Mountain, Yi Qu, Wushi and Yanyan in the north of Jingbei, Dali in Luochuan and Luhun in Weinan. They are backward in production, covered with hair and clothes, each with his own strengths and not unified. They often raided the border areas of Qin, plundered grain, livestock and children, causing great suffering to Qin people. Qin Mugong developed to the west and adopted a cautious strategy, first strengthening and then weakening, and then conquering.
Map of the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period
At that time, Mianzhu (in the east of Tianshui City, Gansu Province), Yi Qu (in the north of Ningxian County, Gansu Province) and Dali (in the east of Dali, Shaanxi Province) were the stronger tribes in Xirong. Among them, Mianzhu has a king, who lives near Qin's homeland and is connected with Qin territory. At the right moment, the kings of Mian heard that Qin Mugong was capable and sent Yu Yu to the State of Qin. Qin Mugong gave Yu Yu a grand reception, showed him the magnificent palace and abundant storage of Qin State, and asked him about the terrain and military situation of Xirong. He also used the strategy of civil history Liao to retain Yu Yu to live in Qin. At the same time, sixteen women were sent to the kings of Mian. The beautiful music and dance of Qin state made Rong Wang enjoy the blessings of his eyes and ears. He drank and enjoyed himself all day, ignoring political affairs, and a large number of cattle and horses died in China without asking. Wait until Mianzhu's domestic politics is in a mess, and Qin Mugong let Yu Yu return to China. Yu Yu saw this situation and remonstrated, which was rejected by Rong Wang. Under the persuasion of the Qin people, Yu Yu finally surrendered to the State of Qin. Qin Mugong received Yu Yu as a guest and discussed with him the strategy of unifying the western Rong clan. Yu Yu lived among the Rong people for a long time and was very familiar with their situation. Qin Mugong attached great importance to his suggestion. According to Yu Yu's plan, the State of Qin gradually wiped out 12 countries (2 in one word) established by the western Rong people and opened up more than a thousand miles of territory. Because of Qin Mugong's victory over the Rong people, the King of Zhou congratulated him and gave him a golden drum, hoping that he would continue to attack the Rong people with a bang. This is what Qin Mugong said in the history books as "dominating Xirong".
In order to make the country strong, Qin Mugong searched for talents everywhere, and reused guest officials from other countries. In the west, he got Yu Yu from Xirong, and in the east, he got Bailixi from Wandi. He also welcomed his uncle from Song State, and also recruited Pi Bao and Gong Sunzhi from Jin State. ? These advisers and warriors assisted Qin Mugong, making the State of Qin stronger than Ma Zhuang.
Xiao Gong Shang Yang Shang Yang (about 395 BC-338 BC), surnamed Ji, Gongsun, Ming Yang, was a patriotic man. Politicians, reformers, thinkers, military strategists, representatives of legalists, descendants of defending the country.
Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong and actively carried out political reform, making Qin a rich and powerful country, which was called Shang Yang's political reform in history. Politically, he reformed Qin's household registration, military titles, land system, administrative divisions, taxation, weights and measures and folk customs, and formulated harsh laws; Economically, he advocated attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce, and rewarding farming. Militarily, he led Qin Jun to recover the land of Hexi, and was given the title of "Shang Jun" by Qin Xiaogong, known as Shang Yang
In 338 BC, after Qin Xiaogong's death, Shang Yang was falsely accused of rebellion by Gongzi Qian and died in Tongdi (southwest of Huazhou District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province). The body was transported to Xianyang and the whole family was killed.
The method of changing customs, making the people prosperous, making the country rich and powerful, making the people happy to use it, and the vassals personally took it, and won the teachers of Chu and Wei, raising the land for thousands of miles, which has ruled the country so far. Hui Wang used Zhang Yi Zhang Yi (? -39 BC), from Anyi, Wei (now Zhangyi Village, Wangxian Township, Wanrong County, Shanxi Province). A famous strategist, diplomat and strategist in the Warring States period.
In his early years, he entered Guiguzi's family and learned the vertical and horizontal skills. After coming out of the mountain, he initiated the diplomatic strategy of "Lian Heng" and lobbied six countries to enter Qin. Appreciated by King Huiwen of Qin, he was made a prime minister, and was ordered to send envoys to lobby countries to break the "vertical" with "horizontal" and urge countries to be friendly to Qin and be named Wu Xinjun.
In 311 BC, after the death of King Qin Huiwen, Qin Wuwang succeeded to the throne. Zhang Yi lost his favor and fled to Wei State to serve as prime minister.
In 39 BC, Zhang Yi died. The plan is to pull out the land of Sanchuan, merge Ba and Shu in the west, collect the county in the north, take Hanzhong in the south, cover Jiuyi, make Yan and Ying, and cut the fertile soil in the east according to the danger of Chenggao, so that the people of the six countries will be scattered, making it a matter of Qin in the west and making contributions to this day. Zhao Wang Ji Ji (325 ~ 251 BC), also known as Qin Zhao Wang. Zhao's surname? , name, a millet? . During the Warring States Period, the monarch of the State of Qin (reigned from 36 BC to 251 BC), the son of King Qin Huiwen, and Qin Wuwang's half-brother, was one of the monarchs who reigned for a long time in the history of China. During his fifty-six years in office, the famous wars of Yi Que, Qi cutting of the five countries, Yan Yong, Huayang and Changping took place.
I was taken hostage in Yan State in my early years. In 37 BC, Qin Wuwang died, and Gongzi Ji succeeded to the throne under the armed escort of Zhao Yan and others, such as the right-hand man, Guiliji, Wei Ran and Empress Xuan? . In the early days of Qin Zhaoxiang's accession to the throne, his mother Empress Xuan was in power, Wei Ran was the general of Xianyang, and Wang Shu was ill? . In 34 BC, at the age of 22, King Zhao Xiang of Qin began to personally handle the decision-making of state affairs after the coronation ceremony? .
In the forty-first year of Qin Zhaoxiang's reign, Wei Ran, Hua Yangjun Yirong, Jingyang Junzi, and Gaolingjun Gongzi, who were known as the Four Nobles at that time, lost power, and private wealth was more important than the Qin royal family. Zhao listened to wei ren Fan Ju's suggestion, withdrew the dry power of Empress Xuan, expelled Sigui, and worshipped Fan Ju. .
During his reign, King Zhao Xiang of Qin appointed Bai Qi as the general, and successively defeated Sanjin, Qi and Chu, and captured Hedong County and Nanyang County of Wei, Qianzhong County and Yingdu of Chu. Launch the battle of Changping and win the Zhao army. Luoyi, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, was captured, and Zhou Nanwang was moved to Xianyang, ending the 8-year rule of the Zhou Dynasty.
In the fifty-sixth year of Qin Zhaoxiang (251 BC), King Zhaoxiang died at the age of seventy-five, and was buried in Fan Ju, Fan Ju, Dongling, Qin
([su Ρ] Interpretation: 1. Water name. In Henan, the inflow of gurgling water has long been blocked, and only an upstream tributary flows into Huiji River. 2. Suixian, in Henan. 3. See "willfulness". 4. Last name. ）（？ ~ 255 years ago), also as Fan Qi, or mistakenly as Fan Sui, the word uncle, was born in Ruicheng, Wei (now Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province), a famous politician, strategist, strategist, diplomat and prime minister of Qin during the Warring States Period. Because the fief was in Yingcheng, it was also called "Yinghou". Fan Ju assisted King Qin Zhaoxiang in inheriting Qin Xiaogong,