Life of Liu Tongxun in Qing Dynasty?
Liu Tongxun was born in a bureaucratic family, and his father, Bai Liu, was a scholar in the 24th year of Kangxi (1685) and once served as a minister in Sichuan. Influenced by his father's thought of loyalty to the monarch and love for the people, Liu Tongxun was eager to learn and ambitious since childhood. Yongzheng two years (1724), Jinshi, imperial academy Jishi Shu. Three years later, the editor was granted the right to go straight (in the era of monarchies, people and ministers joined the emperor, or their families entered the yamen to handle affairs when they met the chief executive, which was called straight). He went to the study (where the prince of Qing Dynasty studied), and he left in the Forbidden City. At the age of 6, the prince went to study in the study, and the teacher was appointed by the emperor, known as the master of reading), and then moved to the exhibition room (the exhibition room was in charge of the general affairs inside and outside the East Palace, and in the Qing Dynasty it was moved under the general political adviser Da Liqing, which was the order of Hanlin officials).
In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Liu Tongxun was promoted to a bachelor's degree in cabinet and served as assistant minister of does. In August, he was appointed right assistant minister of punishments. The following year, he was awarded assistant minister of the left punishments department. After six years of Qianlong (174 1), in September, he was promoted to Zuodu Imperial History and National History Museum (the official compilation department of national history). He was also promoted to Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry (from the second grade) and a bachelor of Hanlin Academy, and Shangshu of the Ministry of Punishment. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752), Liu Tongxun entered the Ministry of War (Ministry of War: during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, he fought in the northwest. Because the cupboard is outside the Taihe gate, he is afraid of the disclosure of secrets. 1729, he set up a quartermaster's room in Zonglongmen, and he chose the cabinet secret, because it was close to the imperial palace and convenient to summon. 1732 was renamed the military department, with a prince and an important minister as its chief officers, and the humble one was named Xuexing, commonly known as a small military aircraft. The head of the military aircraft is called the foreman, who is in charge of everything. In addition to the maintenance of the military department, all the official officials, such as the university students, the Sixth Department, the Jiuqing, the governor, the generals, the magistrates, the overseers, the poor students, the examiners, and the diplomatic envoys abroad, were all charged by the military affairs ministers and became the emperors' ministers, which won the respect of Emperor Qianlong. In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), Liu Tongxun and Prince Taifu (Yipin) served as the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, and were ordered to patrol Hami to station troops. Twenty years (1755) coincided with the rebel rebellion, and Liu Tongxun requested to abandon Bari State and retreat to Hami. The emperor was furious, dismissed Liu and arrested Beijing for crimes. Shortly after his imprisonment, he was acquitted and supervised the supply of military supplies. Later, he was awarded the minister of punishments and gave a banquet as an official. Prince Taibao (the first product) was also added, and the official minister was transferred to the Forbidden City to ride horses. Twenty-four years of Qianlong (1759), awarded to the co-organizer; Twenty-six years (176 1), bachelor of dongge, master of schooling, curator of national history museum, president of sikuquanshu.
As an able minister of state, Liu Tongxun is famous for his outspoken suggestions. He has a resolute disposition. "He has long been a confidential figure and has been a famous minister for more than a hundred years." He often writes to tell the truth, criticizes the current shortcomings, and "directly hits the ruling and opposition parties". In the second year of Qianlong (1737), when Liu Tongxun was appointed as the left assistant minister of punishments, he found that when many local governors took office, they often entrusted important tasks to their cronies, which seriously affected the normal official order. He put this abuse on the emperor and urged him to get rid of it, which will be implemented soon. In the sixth year of Qianlong (174 1), shortly after Liu Tongxun was promoted to Zuodu, he wrote to Emperor Qianlong and suggested suppressing Zhang He's back office work. Zhang is a veteran of the Qing Dynasty, an official minister, a university student in Baohe Hall, and a minister of military aircraft. He married several generations of Yao family at that time, and used his power to install more than 30 people who were closely related to his family and in-laws. He played an important role in officialdom and had a very bad influence. The back office was a powerful official in the Qing Dynasty, and the military minister in Yongzheng Dynasty relied on strength. Liu Tongxun wrote: Zhang He's piano is too powerful, and should be restrained. This is not only for the country, but also for preserving them and their families. After reading it, Emperor Qianlong issued an imperial edict and presented Liu Tongxun's recital to all ministers to warn Zhang, his ex-wife and their dignitaries. Liu Tongxun didn't kiss up, which won the trust of Emperor Qianlong.
As the minister of the emperor's legs and feet, Liu Tongxun was ordered to visit privately every year to observe people's feelings and examine political gains and losses. He told those corrupt officials to pay the price. Guo Li, the governor of Yunnan, advised Governor Hengwen to buy gold at a low price in the name of Shanggong to enrich himself. After a secret visit, Liu Tongxun found out the truth and reported it to the emperor. The emperor punished Hengwen and Guo according to law: let Hengwen commit suicide and send Guo back to Taiwan. On another occasion, Liu Tongxun was ordered to inspect the water conservancy project in yangqiao. More than a month has passed, and the project has not yet started, because the stone has not yet arrived. Through anonymous interviews, Liu Tongxun found that the local county magistrate forced the stone delivery people to pay the money before they accepted the materials. The people were too poor to pay bribes and were forced to stay outside the city. After finding out the facts, Liu Tongxun was furious, ordered the local magistrate to be beheaded, and blamed the governor with a staff. Liu Tongxun's punishment of corrupt officials shocked all kinds of corrupt officials and had a great influence on the official administration of the Qing court.
Liu Tongxun is also an excellent water conservancy expert, who has made great contributions to the regulation of the Yellow River and the Canal. The Yellow River has been a big flood since ancient times, and it often bursts. Therefore, the Qing court, like all previous dynasties, regarded the management of the Yellow River as one of the top priorities; The canal was the main artery of north-south traffic at that time, and it was the only waterway for the Qing government to transport grain from Jiangnan to the imperial court. Liu Tongxun went to Zhejiang to study seawall engineering in his early years, and he mastered a wealth of water conservancy knowledge. Therefore, during his tenure, almost every time the Yellow River and the Canal were in danger, he bore the brunt and personally directed and managed them. In the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), the canal rose, so Liu Tongxun changed the Shaomaying dam in Dezhou into a descending dam according to local conditions, and added Jiangfengkou dam on the west bank of yi river in Yizhou Prefecture to protect the fields and houses in Lanshan and Tancheng. The Liaocheng section and Dongben section of the canal were dredged, and the problem of canal breach was solved. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762), he directed the dredging of Gaobao River and Lake into the river. He has been busy in the construction sites of the Yellow River and the Canal for a long time, evaluating the topography and water potential, making great efforts to harness the river, reducing the harm of the river, protecting people's lives and property and promoting local economic development.
As a former senior official, Liu Tongxun has always been known for his incorruptibility. He not only lives frugally, but also refuses to accept bribes on various occasions. He is neither rude nor rude, and he has a legacy of sages. "My family has dozens of acres of land, and I live in a district. I have been an official for 50 years, and I will not increase my size. " The villagers in the whole country and town praised him as a "real honest official". Once, the son of an old friend of his became the governor of Hubei Province. In order to seek Liu Tongxun's attention, he sent someone to deliver two hundred pieces of gold. Liu Tongxun understood what the visitor meant, but he thought twice about the feelings of his old friend. Finally, he called the visitor to meet him and said seriously, "Your Lord treated you with friendship, and his name is well deserved. However, I lack the government, so I don't need it. You can report to your Lord and give it to the old and the weak. " Let him come back with the money. Another time, someone came to visit late at night with a gift. Liu Tongxun refused to be a guest after hearing the master's introduction. The next day, Liu Tongxun came to the yamen, summoned the visitor last night, and sternly said to him, "Knock at the door in the dim night, and a saint will not do it. If you have any suggestions, you can say them in advance. Although I am wrong, I can also advise you. " Hearing this, the man felt ashamed.
In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), Liu Tongxun was old and weak, and still insisted on going to court. When he arrived at Donghuamen by bus, he suddenly fell ill, hurried back to the house and died suddenly. When the emperor heard about it, he sent a doctor to save him. At that time, the man was already dead. The emperor was so sad that he offered a drink in person. When I went back, I cried my mouth dry and said to the accompanying minister, "I'm missing an arm!" " The gold was given to the memorial tablet of Taifu, which was enshrined in the fairy temple for sacrifice and burial. Posthumous title is "upright". Liu Tongxun's coffin was buried in Zhucheng, his hometown, and the emperor issued a letter, and all the civil and military officials within 20 miles along the way paid tribute to the coffin. This was an extremely glorious privilege at that time, which shows that the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to Liu Tongxun. Ji Yun took arm in arm and said, "Daise is vast and small, and the sky is pale and the stars are heavy."
Liu Tongxun has a collection of poems of this article. There are two sons and one daughter, the eldest son, Liu Yong, a university student in Tijen Pavilion, who is called "Prime Minister of Thick Ink". The second son, Liu Kan, died young.