Literature and History Lin Jiajun: Research on the Name of Zhuang Tomb
The ancient town of Zhuang Tomb has a long history, with water and land transportation, a convergence of merchants, and prosperous trade. However, there have always been disagreements about the origin of its place name, and there are also different opinions on the meaning of the place name. It is generally believed that the opening of Zhuang Tomb as a port began in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it got its name during the Warring States Period. It arose in the Northern Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties and flourished in modern times. It has been passed down through the generations. It has an ancient and distinctive vocabulary culture of place names and profound and unique physical cultural characteristics of place names, which constitutes the splendid place name culture of Zhuang Tomb.
There are three old theories about the origin of the term "Zhuang Cemetery": one is the "Tomb of King Chuzhuang", the other is the false name "Zhuang Muqiao", and the third is the false name "Zhuangjia Bridge" . However, careful research and analysis do not seem to be convincing. After consulting a large number of historical documents, we found that the owner of the tomb should be the nephew of Princess Chu Qingxiang and the mother of Queen Kaolie, that is, the "Princess Zhuang's nephew of Princess Chu".
Let’s first discuss the tomb of King Chuzhuang. This is the dominant etymology. "Shouzhou Chronicle" written by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty says: There is a large tomb on the side of the bridge, and Chu bricks were unearthed. It was cut off as the tomb of King Zhuang of Chu, and it was called Zhuang Tomb Bridge. There is also an account titled "Bricks from the Tomb of King Chuzhuang of Zhou" in the "Yiwenzhi·Jiushi": "Ninety miles away from Shou there is the Zhuang Tomb Bridge, which is named after the tomb of King Chuzhuang. Over time, the tunnel collapsed, and the soil There were more ancient bricks than others, so it has been rumored for a long time. In the spring of the 43rd year of Qianlong's reign, Shangshu Bi Qiufan took a roundabout way to visit the place, and Zhang Sunpu, the governor, went there with him, took some bricks, and stuffed them with earth. A friend had this brick in his possession and gave it to him as a gift. There was no written evidence, so he did not dare to use his ear to treat it. However, Wang Junjitai of Xiuyi was once the governor, and the inscription on the brick was still recognized by Zhishi Xin'an Inkstone. Jun, it is also believed to be an Eastern Zhou brick, and the inkstone was made by Qiufan Shangshu. This is why it is ranked first among ancient bricks."
Obviously, this description seems reasonable and well-founded. , the argument is solid, the evidence is sufficient, and it seems to be impeccable. I have no objection to "it is believed to be a brick of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty... and it is ranked first among ancient bricks because of this." However, there are still many doubts about saying that the owner of the tomb is King Zhuang of Chu.
Why didn’t a previous chronicle make this comment? The "Yuanfeng Jiuyu Zhi" of the Song Dynasty only said: In the Song Dynasty, it was the tomb bridge of Yanhe Township, Shouchun County, Shouzhou; the Ming Jiajing's "Shouzhou Zhi·Evolution" records: "In the Warring States Period, Qin attacked Chu, and King Kaolie of Chu moved eastward. The capital was Shouchun, whose name was Ying. When the Qin Dynasty destroyed Chu, the captive king took the place of Chu and established the city of Shouchun as Jiujiang County." However, in the "Qiu Tombs" section, only the tombs of Huainan King, Lian Po and Gaotao are listed. The tomb, Chunshenjun’s tomb, Mizijian’s tomb, Yang Xingmi’s tomb, Yingbu’s tomb, Liu Yu’s tomb, Cao Liangchen’s tomb, etc. are not listed in the Chuzhuang King’s tomb, which shows that he is not committed to the “Chuzhuang King’s Tomb Theory”. Not determined. Similarly, in Jiajing's "Shouzhou Chronicles" of the Ming Dynasty, "Bridge Chronicles" said: "Zhuangjia Bridge, ninety miles southeast." "Jianzhi Chronicles" said: "Cai Cheng and Township are divided into eight maps: Beilu Bridge Collection, Zhuangjia Bridge Collection "The Chronicle of Quyan Pitang" says: "Getang is located along the river, one hundred miles away from the city, with a ridge length of 360 feet, a width of 360 feet, and a depth of six feet. There are four water gates, so that the people living in the water can enjoy them." Four households have four ditches. "Fangpai" states that "a flying square is for the promotion of people." The "Shouzhou Chronicle" written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty calls it "Zhuangmu Bridge Collection" and does not call it Zhuang Tomb Bridge, which can also explain the problem. As for the other two conclusions that are caused by "false claims", they are even more far-fetched and highly suspected of being conjectural and groundless.
Secondly, it has been concluded that the tomb of King Chuzhuang is located in Jiangling County, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. According to the records of "Jingzhou Chronicle" and "Jiangling County Chronicle": the tomb of King Chuzhuang is located in the "Xiong Family Tomb" in Xuejia Dawa, north of Jishan Temple. It is only about 26 kilometers away from the ruins of Ji Nancheng, the ancient capital of Chu State. It is large in scale and majestic. It is the best-preserved tomb in Chu State. In August 2006, with the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Jingzhou City carried out protective archaeological excavations and unearthed a large number of precious cultural relics, including more than 3,000 jade articles alone.
Since it is certain that the Zhuang Tomb was named after the Chu tomb, then, who is the owner of the tomb? Since last year, while participating in the preparation of the "Application Materials for Millennium Ancient Towns of Anhui Place Names Cultural Heritage" and the work of the expert group for the second national census of place names, we have concentrated on reviewing a large amount of literature and looking for answers until we found out about the mother of Queen Chu Kaolie The biography of nephew Zhuang suddenly became clear before my eyes.
"Historical Records·Chu Family" records: "In the 22nd year of King Kaolie of Chu, he joined forces with the princes to attack Qin, but failed. Chu moved east to Shouchun, and his life was named Ying."
King Qingxiang, the father of King Xiong Wan of Kaolie, enjoyed the pleasures of terraces and pavilions, and the country's power declined day by day. King Qingxiang finally defeated the capital and moved to Chenying first. Nephew Zhuang was a daughter of Chu County. She was twelve years old and worried about national affairs. She once advised King Qingxiang and became the princess. After giving birth, he moved the capital to King Kaolie of Chu in Shouchun (Liu Xiang's "Biography of Lienu"). Xiong Wan, King Kaolie, ascended the throne in 264 BC and moved the capital to Shouchun in 241 BC. Zhuang's nephew should have been around 60 years old at that time. There is no record of Zhuang's nephew dying in the old capital in the history books. It can be seen that he probably moved to Shouchun with him. Chu existed in Shouchun for nineteen years before it was destroyed by Qin. "Yue Jueshu" states that "the princes and kings were buried in the Fuling Pit in the east of Shouchun", but there are no records or discoveries of Zhuang's nephew's tomb around Shouchun. Zhuang's tomb is located ninety miles southeast of Shouxian County and two miles north of Zhuang's Tomb Town. The owner of the tomb has his feet on the running water and his head on a high hill. He has a green dragon on the left and a white tiger on the right. It is a geomantic treasure. It is undoubtedly the tomb of Zhuang's nephew.
My nephew said to me: "I am a daughter of a county, and I want to tell you something that is hidden from the king, but I am afraid that it will be blocked by the crowds, and I will not be able to see it. The king traveled five hundred miles, because I saw it with a flag."
p>
The king said: "Why should I warn the few?"
The nephew said to him: "The big fish has lost its water, there is a dragon without a tail, the wall is about to collapse, but the king does not pay attention."
p>The king said: "I don't know."
The nephew said to him: "When a big fish loses water, the king is five hundred miles away from the country. He is happy in front and does not think about the disaster coming from behind. . If you have a dragon but no tail, you are forty years old and have no prince. If the country has no strong support, it will be in danger. If the wall is about to collapse, but the king does not look at it, chaos will occur, but the king will not change." p>
The king asked: "What do you mean?"
The nephew said: "The king likes terraces and pavilions, but does not care about the common people. He comes and goes from time to time, and his ears and eyes are not smart. In the Spring and Autumn Period, if he did not establish a prince, the country would have no strong assistants. , the outside and the inside collapsed. The strong Qin made the king in the inner circle, and the king did not change. It will be worse every day. Now that the king is in trouble, he will travel five hundred miles away. The country is not a king's country." /p>
The king said: "Why?"
The nephew said: "So the three difficulties are caused by the five troubles."
The king said: "What are the five troubles?" "Trouble?"
The nephew said: "The palaces and palaces are facing each other, and the city is vast, which is the first trouble; the palace walls and clothes are embroidered, and the people are not brown, which is the second trouble; the luxury is too much, and the country is exhausted, which is the third trouble. Also, the people are hungry, the horses are still alive, which are the four troubles; the evil ministers are on the side, and the wise men are not able to do it, which is the five troubles. The king has five troubles, so he has three difficulties."
The king said: "The good king. "After ordering him to be carried in the car, he immediately returned to the country. The door was closed, and the rebels were determined. The king then sent Yan Ying's troops to attack him, but he could only defeat him. He made his nephew his wife, and he was placed on the right side of Zheng Zixiu. He worked hard for the king to be thrifty and care for the people, so that the state of Chu could regain its strength.
The gentleman said that although nephew Zhuang violated etiquette, he always followed the rules. The poem goes: "The north wind is blowing, the rain and snow are falling, and they are kind to me. Let's go home together hand in hand." This is what it means.
The ode says: Although Zhuang's nephew in Chu Chu was a girl, he used his banner to meet the king. The Chen country was in trouble, and he set up three difficulties for the king.
Wanli Wang Daokun's engraving of the Ming Dynasty commented: "Gan Luo's twelve prime ministers are known today and ancient times, and he is also a strange man." Zhuang's nephew used a ten-year-old girl to list the hidden affairs of the Chu Kingdom like a candle. She has five problems and three difficulties. She is a yellow-haired old man who has not yet understood the state. If the statement is as follows, but Zhuang's nephew can do it, if the saint she said is not true, It is not a coincidence that she became a wife immediately after being carried in the car behind her. When Zhang Yi was King Huai of Chu, he turned deceitful and repeated falsehoods. Chu wanted to kill him, so why should he accept it? Zheng Zixiu, the favorite concubine of King Huai, was the one who received two golds from Zhang Yi and taught her to cover her nose to make the king smell bad and kill Zhao's daughter. The nephew of Yunzhuang is on his right. It seems that the legend is wrong. It is Song Yu who wrote the poem Gaotang Dynasty. It seems that he followed the Tang Dynasty.