Common sense of writing brush calligraphy (necessary for junior one students)

Calligraphy is one of the traditional arts in China. It is the art of writing Chinese characters with a brush to express the author's spiritual beauty. Its basic requirements are: one is to use a soft brush, and the other is to write Chinese characters with rich images. Therefore, there are two meanings: first, it refers to the rules of calligraphy, which mainly include methods such as holding a pen, using a pen, stippling, structure and distribution; Refers to the art of expressing the author's spiritual beauty by writing Chinese characters. It expresses the author's personality, interest, knowledge, temperament and other spiritual factors with the help of exquisite techniques and vivid modeling, and it embodies the combination of these two forms. Therefore, from the elements of calligraphy, it includes three aspects: first, brushwork, which requires skilled use of brush, and correct fingering, wrist, body, brushwork and pen and ink; The second is the pen gesture. It is required to properly organize the relationship between stippling and stippling, between words and between lines; The third is the brushwork. It is required to show the author's temperament, interest, learning elements and personality in the writing process. In style and style, it is even more colorful. China's calligraphy art has a history of over 3,000 years. The reason why it has become an art mainly depends on the fact that China people are good at turning practical things into exquisite art, and it is also closely related to China's unique brush. Its characters brew the soul of calligraphy art with the characteristics of image conception and imagery. The square configuration with brilliant conception and posture constitutes the formal basis of calligraphy art, and its tool is "only soft and strange", which can give birth to the charm of Fiona Fang's hiding, advancing and retreating, thickness, thickness, wetness, cadence and convergence. Break and follow-up momentum, both rigid and flexible; With special paper and ink, the art of calligraphy is more unpredictable. Charming. Calligraphy has not only become a national art to express the highest artistic conception and sentiment, but also ranks first among all arts. Calligraphy is not only popular all over the world in China, but also has already gone abroad and become a medium for spreading friendship. It is influential in the eastern world and attracts the attention of the western world.

Composition refers to the method of arranging and arranging the relationship between words and lines in the whole work. That is the "white cloth" of the whole work. Also known as "big rules". Traditionally, it's also called the arrangement of one-character stippling, and the relationship between one-character arrangement and numbers is a "small chapter method". Zhang Shen explained calligraphy in Ming Dynasty: "The ancients used a writing method to write like a composition. Composition, article method and final structure are all corresponding. Therefore, the cloud says:' One is divided into one word rule; A word is the owner of the last article. Dong Qichang's "Essays on Painting Zen Rooms: Comment on Books" in Ming Dynasty said: "The ancients took the composition of books as a major event and covered the so-called thick lines. See Mi Chi in fine print, and write an elegant collection of West Garden. It's ten thousand fans, straight as a string. There must be another way, but you should pay attention to the rules and regulations on weekdays. The right army's "Xu Lanting" is the first in ancient and modern times, and its words are all born from the tape, small or big, all in the law, so it is also a god. " It can be seen that the number of sheets is important in a calligraphy work. When writing, we should deal with the white cloth in words, word for word and between lines, so that stippling echoes stippling, words keep pace with emotion, and lines reflect each other. If you are self-sufficient, fluent, exquisite and harmonious, you will have the effect of "gold in the word and jade in the line". Generally speaking, there are three forms of cloth white: first, there are ranks, second, there are ranks (or ranks), and third, there are no ranks, which may have the artificial beauty of "picking gold by mistake" or the natural beauty of "hibiscus".

The method of writing and drawing with a pen. China's paintings and calligraphy are dominated by lines, and the tools used are all sharp pens. In order to enrich the line stippling of calligraphy and painting, we should first pay attention to writing, and grasp the weight, speed and correctness when lifting the pen. Straightening, straightening and other methods are called "brushwork". Zhang Tang Huai Guandao's "Forbidden Classics in Yutang, Digested with a Pen" says: Generally speaking, the brushwork is eight types of stippling, and the word "forever" is prepared. Therefore, Yuan Zhao Mengfu said in the Postscript of Lanting: "It is not easy to use a pen through the ages, because it takes a long time."

Ink method is also called "blood method". One day: using ink. The predecessors called it ink painting, and the blood of the word is also. Therefore, when writing books in the field, I am extremely particular. Too light ink will damage the color, too thick ink will delay the pen. Must be "eager to live, talk about it." Song Jiangkui's "Continuation of Book Spectrum with Ink" says: "To write a script, you should do it, but not too dry. When the grass is dry, it is good to moisten it, and it is risky to dry it. If the ink is thick, the pen will be sluggish, but if it is dry, I don't know. " Bao Qing Chen Shi's "The Story of the Art Boat II Series" said: "Painting and calligraphy are both based on pens and formed in ink, so ink painting is a key to calligraphy. In fact, the pen is heavy, but it is floating. ..... "Ink style, on the one hand, often varies from person to person. For example, the thick ink in the Northern Song Dynasty is practical, while the thick ink in the Southern Song Dynasty is flexible. Liu Yong likes to use thick ink, while Meng Lou just uses light ink. On the other hand, it is often different because of different book styles and paper properties. Second: the method of grinding ink. Su Song Jianyi's "Four Books of Study: Ink Spectrum" said: "Learning ink is like a disease, and it is important to be even without mud." Grinding ink should be cold, and it will give birth to light when it is cold. Don't heat the ink, it will blister when heated. The cover avoids the urgency and ink fever of its research. Li said, "users won't stop for a long time, but the dust pollutes each other for a long time and the glue will die." It's too dull to write. " Chen Yuan-Yi once said in the book "The Essentials of Hanlin Meat Method": "The method of grinding ink is both pressing and pushing, and the operation is nearly folded." "Never use inkstone to grind the ink, so that the ink will stagnate, and you must temporarily worry about it with water drops." "Don't grind your own ink, your hands will tremble and your bones will be strong. It is also a taboo. "

Structure is also called "knot", "frame" and "structure". Refers to the arrangement and layout of each dot. Chinese characters are formal, and calligraphy is "metaphysics" (Qing Kang Youwei), so knot is particularly important. Yuan Qian's Postscript to Lanting: "Calligraphy is based on the use of pens, and it also requires labor to form words." All kinds of fonts of Chinese characters are connected and matched with dots and strokes. The length, short, thick, thin, prone, upturned, contracted and stretched strokes, and the width, narrow, high, low, narrow and straight radicals constitute different forms of each character. In order to make the stroke matching of Chinese characters appropriate, appropriate and uniform, it is necessary to study its structure. As Feng Ban said in the Pure Book of Songs in the Qing Dynasty: "Learn the frame first, and the ancients call it a knot; Learn to use a pen when the shelf is clear. You can see the stone tablet on the shelf, so you must use a pen to create it. In conclusion, Jin people use reason, Tang people use reason, and Song people are interested. " There is another cloud: "There is no secret in calligraphy, just use a pen to prick your ears." It can be seen that the structure plays an important role in calligraphy.

Interpreting the characters on the ancient Zhongding Yi wares. "Hanshu Suburb Sacrifice Record": "This tripod is small and elegant, and ancestral halls are not recommended." Yan Shigu notes the cloud: "Duan, carved also; I know, remember. " In addition, there are three theories: one is that yin is concave, and knowing yang is convex; Second, money is outside and knowledge is inside; Third, the pattern is a paragraph, and seal cutting is learning. (See Fang Yizhi's Tongya, Volume 33. Later generations wrote book titles and names in books and paintings, which are also called "money knowledge", "inscription" or "inscription". The painting shows that the Tang people only hide roots and stones in small print, and those who don't work hard often fall behind. In the Song Dynasty, the year and the month were recorded, only lowercase letters were used, and the book was not two lines. Only Su has big letters, or three or five lines of postscript. In the Yuan Dynasty, people developed from being famous for knowing the year to writing poems with inscriptions, with more than 100 words. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the wind of inscription and postscript flourished and never weakened. It can be seen that the brushwork has two meanings: one refers to the signature on calligraphy and painting, and the other refers to the words cast on the ancient tripod and Yi vessel.

Sharp iron with a fine brush. Jiang Kui's "Ink for Continuation of Books" says: "The pen wants to be long and round, long and contains ink, so it can exercise, be strong, round and beautiful." The edge of the word is also called "pen front". Those who can keep the pen tip on the strokes of words are called "centers"; What can be hidden between points and strokes is called "hidden front"; Draw the pen tip on the side of the word tip, which is called "oblique" Generally speaking, "deviation" is a disease of calligraphy. Zhou Xinglian's My Opinion on Linchi in the Qing Dynasty said: "This pen can be grasped correctly, horizontally, smoothly, reversely, repeatedly, lightly, falsely and realistically, and we are trying our best to draw a conclusion vertically. Blend with the nib. "

Bai Fei is also called "Biography of Cao". A font with a special writing style. The strokes are parallel to the dead silk, and the brush marks at the turning point are obvious. According to legend, when Emperor Lingdi of the Eastern Han Dynasty decorated Hongdu Gate, craftsmen used brooms dipped in white powder to brush words. Inspired by this, Cai Ge wrote a flying white book. Zhang Huaiguan's Broken Book in the Tang Dynasty says, "Those who fly in vain were also made by Cai Yong, the left governor of the later Han Dynasty. Wang Yin and Wang Kui said, "Feibai becomes a model system". This is the title of the palace, and since I am looking for a piece, the word should be slightly dissatisfied, so I call it. " In the Northern Song Dynasty, Huang Yue said, "Take it as white as silk, and it flies as silk." Zhao Huanguang in Ming Dynasty said, "Those who fly without white are like seals, and those who fly without white are like officials." Now the dry strokes of calligraphy and painting are generally called "flying white". The emperors' tablets handed down from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty are mostly engraved in white characters, such as the inscriptions on Jinci Temple and the tablets of sages and princes. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Yanchang and Lu Ji wrote two volumes of Bofeilu.

Legal posts are also called "posts". Refers to ancient celebrity ink, calligraphy and rubbings carved on stone tablets or wooden boards; Called "Fa Tie", it can be used for imitators. In the third year of Chunhua in Song Taizong (992), Wang Zhu, a bachelor of calligraphy, was ordered to copy ten volumes of calligraphy collected in the Secret Pavilion. Each volume is engraved with "Fa Tie X" and "Spring Pueraria Flower Sticker", and the name of "Fa Tie" has been passed down from generation to generation. "Fa Tie Genealogy" said: "Xiling (Song Taizong) attached great importance to calligraphy, published the original works collected by the imperial courts in previous dynasties, and ordered the king to carve ten volumes of the Forbidden City, the ancestor of ancient Fa Tie."

Terminology of college calligraphy. When Song Taizu was in imperial academy, all members of imperial academy studied Wang Xizhi's writing, which was used to write various letters at that time. Such words are weak, bland and have no high rhyme, so they are called "courtyard style". Later, no matter who the calligrapher was or what the style of the book was, all calligraphy without strength and charm was called "courtyard style". So this calligraphy term. Used to evaluate the style of calligraphy, it generally contains derogatory meanings.

Tick out the calligraphy terms. A method of copying French books. Cover the calligraphy book with transparent paper, first use a thin pen and a double hook, and then use ink to outline and fill in the name. Also known as "double hook corridor filling". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui's "Continued Book Spectrum" said: "The method of double hooks will definitely make Mo faint, or fill in the outline, or Zhu Qi will recite it and get fat."