Tigers draw lots to compare.
The Asian Four Little Dragons refer to Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia in Southeast Asia. The economies of these four countries developed at a high speed in the 1980s and 1990s, and their economic strength was second only to that of the four Asian Little Dragons (China, Hongkong, China, Taiwan Province Province, China, Singapore and South Korea), hence the name.
According to statistics, the economic data of Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia in the first half of the year are as follows:
Economic overview of the "Four Little Dragons" in the first half of the year: 1) Thailand's GDP in the first half of the year was about 7,708.93 billion baht, equivalent to RMB 1.72 trillion yuan, with a real decrease of 6.9%; 2) Malaysia's GDP in the first half of the year was about 633.706 billion ringgit, equivalent to RMB1.1trillion yuan, down 8.7% year-on-year; 3) The real GDP of the Philippines in the first half of the year was 859.9810.70 billion pesos, equivalent to 65.438+0.10.94 trillion yuan, down 9% year-on-year; 4) Indonesia's real GDP in the first half of the year was 5292.67 trillion rupiah, equivalent to RMB 3.67 trillion, down 1.26% year-on-year.
Due to the serious global epidemic, the GDP of the four countries all experienced negative growth. In the past, the "Four Little Dragons of Asia" was the fastest-growing country in Asia, full of vitality and eye-catching. Today, both the four tigers and the four tigers have been silent for many years, but the four tigers are slightly better. After all, they are the most developed in Asia, and the four tigers are no longer as powerful as before.
Whether Indonesia, Malaysia or Thailand, the Philippines is very limited in size. Here are some data to see the economic situation of some four little dragons.
Comparative observation of the economic aggregate of the "four tigers" (IMF data): 20 19 years, Indonesia 1. 10 trillion US dollars; Thailand's 5 166.6 trillion US dollars; Malaysia is 3,734.5 trillion US dollars; The Philippines is $356.68 billion. Among them, Indonesia's economic aggregate is the largest, about 2. 12 of Thailand's, and about 3.08 times that of the last Philippines.
From the comparative observation of the per capita GDP of the "four tigers" (IMF data), per capita GDP is an important indicator to measure the living standards of people in various countries, which is more practical than the total GDP.
In 20 19, the per capita GDP of the "four tigers" was: Malaysia 1 1689 USD; Thailand 742 1 USD; Indonesia $4,068; Philippines $3,299. (The above are IMF data).
Malaysia ranks first, 762 1 more than Indonesia. Although Indonesia has the largest economic aggregate, about 726.5 billion dollars more than Malaysia, which ranks third in economic aggregate, and more than twice as much as the Philippines (3,566.8 trillion dollars), its economic aggregate immediately ranks third on average. It can be seen that Malaysia performs better in terms of living standards and quality. The Philippines is at the bottom of the economic aggregate and per capita GDP.
Malaysian US$ 1 1689 is slightly higher than China. In 20 19, China's per capita GDP1027.6 billion US dollars, an increase of 6.95%, which has not yet reached the world average level and is still at the level of developing countries.
From the comparative observation of per capita income: Malaysia's per capita income is about 9650 US dollars, Thailand's per capita income is about 5950 US dollars, the Philippines is about 3660 US dollars, and Indonesia is about 3540 US dollars. It can be seen that Malaysia has the highest per capita income, which is related to Malaysia's highest per capita GDP in the ranking of the Four Little Dragons, confirming that Malaysia's economic development quality and living standard quality are the best among the four countries.
In terms of the proportion of Chinese in Southeast Asia, the five countries with the highest proportion of Chinese in Southeast Asia are Singapore (about 74%), Malaysia (about 24%), Thailand (about 14%), Philippines (about 1.5%), Indonesia (about 1.3%) and Indonesia. According to this ratio, there is an interesting phenomenon, which coincides with the five countries with the most developed economy in Southeast Asia. The higher the proportion of Chinese, the higher the per capita GDP. Singapore is the only developed country in Southeast Asia, with a per capita GDP of over US$ 50,000.
Population of Singapore: 5,638,700 (20 18)
Population of Malaysia: 365,438+0,528,600 (2065,438+08).
Population of Thailand: 69,428,500 (2065,438+08)
Population of Indonesia: 268 million (20 18)
Philippine population:1070,000 (20 18)
In Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia, about 70% of SMEs are owned by Chinese, including manufacturing, construction and service industries.
It can be seen that the greater the proportion of population in China, the higher the per capita GDP. It fully illustrates the diligence and excellence of China people from one level. To evaluate the living standard and quality of a country, per capita data is very important.
From the general situation of the four tigers:
Malaysia: Malaysia is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and a member of the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Great Commonwealth, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of the Islamic Conference. The main military operations involved are the joint defense of the five countries and the United Nations peacekeeping operations.
Malaysia is a new multicultural and multiracial country. The national constitution stipulates that Islam is the state religion. Malaysia's economy developed rapidly in 1990' s and became one of the "four tigers in Asia". Today, it has become a striking diversified emerging industrial country in Asia and an emerging market economy in the world. Tourism is Malaysia's third largest source of foreign exchange income.
Malaysia covers an area of 330,257 square kilometers.
Indonesia: Indonesia for short, a country in Southeast Asia. It consists of about 17508 islands and is the largest archipelagic country in the world. It is also a country with many volcanoes and earthquakes. The capital is Jakarta. With a population of over 268 million (20 18), Indonesia ranks fourth in the world, next only to China, India and the United States. Indonesia is one of the founding members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G20. After 350 years of Dutch colonial rule, Indonesia declared its independence after World War II. From 65438 to 0967, Indonesia established the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) with Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
Land area of Indonesia: 19 19.440 km2.
Thailand: a constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. Thailand is located in the middle of zhina Peninsula. Thailand was formerly known as Siam, 1949. On May 1 1 day, Thais changed "Siam" to "Thailand" with their own national names, mainly taking its meaning of "freedom".
Thailand implemented a free economic policy, and its economy developed rapidly in the 1990s, becoming one of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia" and one of the emerging industrial countries and emerging market economies in the world. Thailand is the only net exporter of grain in Asia and one of the top five exporters of agricultural products in the world. Automobile industry is the pillar industry, the automobile manufacturing center in Southeast Asia and the largest automobile market in ASEAN.
Thailand is one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world. Thailand is a Buddhist country. Most Thais believe in the four-faced Buddha, and Buddhists account for more than 90% of the national population. Thailand is a member and founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and also a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Asia-Europe Meeting and World Trade Organization.
Land area of Thailand: 5 13, 120 km2.
Philippines: It is a multi-ethnic archipelago country in Southeast Asia. Spain occupied and ruled the Philippines for more than 300 years from 65438 to 0565. 1898 was occupied by the United States. 1942 was occupied by Japan. After World War II, it became an American colony again. 1946, Philippine independence. It is mainly divided into three island groups: Luzon, Visayan and Mindanao, with more than 7,000 islands.
The Philippines is a major member of ASEAN and one of the 24 members of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).
Philippine land area: 299,764 square kilometers.
The land area of Malaysia is 330,257 square kilometers. The Philippines is 299764 square kilometers, Thailand is 5 13, 120 square kilometers, and Indonesia 19 19.440 square kilometers.
Land area: Obviously Indonesia ranks first, Thailand ranks second, Malaysia ranks third and the Philippines ranks fourth.
Population: Indonesia ranks first, the Philippines second, Thailand third and Malaysia fourth.
To sum up, Indonesia has the largest economic aggregate, the largest land area and the largest population, but it is still "big but not strong" because its per capita GDP and per capita income lag behind Malaysia;
Among the four little dragons, Malaysia has the third GDP, the third land area and the fourth population, but its per capita GDP and per capita income are ahead, indicating that its economy is relatively good. Others such as Thailand and the Philippines are weaker than Malaysia and Indonesia, especially the Philippines is the weakest among the four little dragons.
Malaysian industrial products are very competitive. Mechanical and electrical products are Malaysia's most important export commodities, accounting for 43.6%. These high-tech industrial products account for about 55%, which is obviously better than other developing countries.
Malaysia exports technology and labor, not energy and resources, and has relatively good potential for sustainable development.
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country, in which more than 20% of the population are Chinese and overseas Chinese, occupying a high position in Malaysia's national economy. According to statistics, about 70% of small and medium-sized enterprises in Malaysia are inseparable from overseas Chinese, involving agriculture, commerce, industry, science and other fields. About 60% of the top 50 richest people in Malaysia are Chinese or overseas Chinese.
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Malaysia's PublicInvest predicts that Malaysia's GDP is recovering. In a report: "Malaysia's massive stimulus plan worth RM 250 billion (accounting for 17% of GDP) will largely support the growth in 2020, which is the largest stimulus plan in our history and one of the largest stimulus plans in the region.
Singapore, the most developed country in Southeast Asia, originally belonged to Malaysia. 1961May, Prime Minister Tengku abdul rahman of Malaya announced that he would unite Singapore, Malaya, Brunei, Sarawak and North Borneo to form a federation. In this regard, Lee Kuan Yew decided to hold a referendum, and finally 7 1% voted in favor. 1963 In September, Singapore broke away from British rule and formally joined the Malaysian Federation.
After the merger of Singapore and Malaysia, Singapore began to have conflicts with the central government and had different views on the policy of governing the country. The first public contradiction occurred in196365438+February. Lee Kuan Yew criticized Malaysia's annual budget for not giving enough budget to improve social conditions. Businessmen in Singapore also began to complain that the central government discriminated against them. Instead of giving them the same benefits as other States, they gave them a hard-hitting system.
Contradictions between bilateral economies 1964, 1964 In February, the central government asked Singapore to increase the tax paid to the central government from 40% to 60%, and then the temperature rose. At that time, the Malaysian Finance Minister said that this was because of Indonesia's confrontational activities, which led to an increase in the arms budget.
1On August 9, 965, Singapore broke away from Malaysia and became a sovereign, democratic and independent country. On February 22nd of the same year, 12, Singapore became a republic and Yusov Ben Isaac became the first president. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Singaporeans' sense of collective crisis became the driving force of economic miracle. Today's Singapore is achieved by great wisdom and hard work.
A. The economic aggregate of the four tigers: According to IMF data, in 20 19 years, Indonesia will be 1. 10 trillion US dollars; Thailand's 5 166.6 trillion US dollars; Malaysia is 3,734.5 trillion US dollars; The Philippines is $356.68 billion. Add up the economic aggregate of the four little dragons in Asia: about $2.34 trillion;
B, the economic aggregate of the Four Little Dragons: According to IMF data, in 20 19, it was US$ 372.810.66 trillion in Singapore, US$ 0/0.66 trillion in South Korea, US$ 38 1.72 billion in Chinese mainland and China, and US$ 60/kloc in Taiwan Province Province of China.
According to IMF data, Singapore's per capita GDP is $64,229; $565,438+$0,333 in China and Hongkong; Taiwan Province Province of China is $25,298; South Korea is $323465438+0; The per capita GDP data of the four little dragons all add up: 17320 1 USD;
According to IMF data, Malaysia is $65,438+01689; Thailand 742 1 USD; Indonesia $4,068; Philippines $3,299. The per capita GDP data of the four tigers add up to $26477.
According to the comparison, the total economic output of the four tigers is only about 78% of that of the four dragons, but the total GDP per capita of the four tigers is only about 15% of that of the four dragons.
Review of the Asian financial crisis: a worldwide financial crisis occurred in 1997. 1July 2, 997, the Asian financial turmoil swept through Thailand. Soon, the financial turmoil spread to Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, China and other places. The currencies of Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea and other countries have depreciated sharply. At the same time, most major Asian stock markets fell sharply, which impacted foreign trade enterprises in Asian countries, causing many large enterprises in Asian countries to close down, workers to lose their jobs, and social and economic depression, which quickly broke the good situation of rapid economic development in Asia.
Some Asian economic powers began to experience depression, and the political situation in some countries began to turmoil. In the financial crisis, Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea were the countries most affected by the financial storm.
Singaporeans, Malaysians, Filipinos and Hongkong have also been affected, while Chinese mainland, China and Taiwan Province provinces have limited influence.
Take Thailand as an example. In the past, Thailand, one of the "four little dragons" in Asia, was once called the fastest-growing economy in Southeast Asia, and suddenly fell into a financial crisis overnight, becoming the birthplace of 1997 Southeast Asian financial storm.
By1September 4, 1997, Thailand's economic health was probably the worst among Southeast Asian countries, and its exchange rate and stock market plummeted. Exports are sluggish, the current account deficit continues to expand, foreign exchange reserves have fallen sharply, the real estate market bubble has burst, and non-performing assets of banks have expanded. The bad debts of real estate companies alone reached $6543.8+55 million.
To sum up, the Asian financial crisis has dealt a great blow to the economy of the four little dragons.