13 Kangxi's younger brother
Yun Xiang is good at riding and shooting, and his poetry and calligraphy are also good [Note: See E Ertai et al.: Preliminary Collection of Chronicles of the Eight Banners (volume 134), Biography of Imperial Clans (6), King Yi Prince Andrew]. He is two years younger than the emperor's fourteen sons, and he is the best of Yun Si's eight princes, and Yunxiang is relatively more focused on words [Note: Zhenjun's "I smell Heaven" has been published for three years, "The library of Prince Yi (Yunxiang) House is called Leshan Hall. There are nine buildings and all the books are full. Before the fire broke out in Jiangyun Iron Tower, most of its Song and Yuan manuscripts were obtained by Mao Zijin and Qian. Mao and Qian split up, half to Xu Jian' an and half to Ji. Xu Ji was introduced back by He Yimen. In the mid-Qianlong period, the four libraries were opened, and all the book collectors in the world gave them away, except the book of Yifu. Many of them are rare in the world. For example, there are two complete versions of Su Shi's poems, which we can know. "], while the latter focuses on martial arts.
The first teacher shared by Yun Xiang and Yunyouti was Fahai, the son of Tong Guogang, the uncle of Emperor Kangxi. Fahai, a 24-year-old scholar, was only 27 when he was elected as the prince's teacher. Yunxiang 13 years old, Yunchan 1 1 year old. "fahai shihuang has been talking for ten years himself, and he is outspoken, which has won the favor of saints and ancestors, saying that he can't be bullied alone." [Note: Li's "A Brief Introduction to the Kingdom", Volume II, "Fa Hai"] Yun Xiang and Yun Chan are both excellent in talent and learning, and they deserve to be taught.
In the first series of Eight Banners, compiled during Yongzheng period, Yunxiang was called "the Holy Father loved it very much, and he was lucky to visit the province, so he was obedient and gracious." This actually refers to the situation before the abolition of the Prince in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708). From July, 37 (1698), when Yun Xiang 13 years old, he followed the emperor's father to visit the grave in Shengjing for the first time, until September, 47 (1708), when the prince was abandoned, he would take him with him whenever Kangxi went out of Beijing. For example, in the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (1705), the emperor made his fifth southern tour. In addition to the Crown Prince Wan Yun, only Yun Xiang accompanied him. In other words, during the period of 10, Emperor Kangxi went out, and Yun Xiang was the only one among all the princes (including the Crown Prince Yun You Nai) who was bound to follow him. This alone is enough to show that Emperor Kangxi respected him especially. During Yongzheng period, Yun Xiang's performances as the best assistant of the emperor also fully showed that he was a rare talent, besides having a high cultural accomplishment of Manchu and Han, he also had the ability to handle affairs and was good at coordinating interpersonal relationships. This should be the main reason why Yunxiang was favored by Emperor Kangxi.
Around the 43rd year of Kangxi (1704), He Chao, the teacher of the Eight Emperors, said in a letter to his family that "His Highness Thirteen" was the "favorite minister" of Emperor Kangxi. Yun Xiang, who is less than 20 years old, is highly valued by the emperor's father, and even the Han literati who worked in the Qing court are well aware of it.
In Wang Zizhong, Yun Xiang has been closely related to his fourth brother Yin Zhen. After Yunxiang died in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Yong Zhengdi wrote in his eulogy: "Looking back on my childhood, I tend to serve the imperial court and get together in the morning and evening. Bi Chang taught his younger brother to calculate and discuss daily affairs according to the imperial examination. Sticking to the Great Wall every year is inseparable. " Yong Zhengdi's dependence on Yun Xiang as a confidant after he succeeded to the throne was based on the friendship they established when they were young. If they have different views and positions on Crown Prince Yun You Nai, or did not reach a tacit understanding in the position battle in the late Kangxi Dynasty, this foundation will inevitably be shaken and the situation will be different.
After the abolition of the Prince in forty-seven years (1708), Emperor Kangxi's view of Yun Xiang changed greatly, and Yun Xiang's position plummeted.
"The Eight Banners Tongzhi Chu Ji" said that Yun Xiang was "cautious. Without the support of the party, there is no reputation, ... public and private matters, nothing is disturbing. " Yun Yun "lured the kings by deception, and the king (referring to Yun Xiang) was unmoved." According to Records of Emperor Sejong of the Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi once praised Yun Xiang for "being respectful and honest, honest and honest in the imperial examination, not for the sake of profit, and the orthodox party invited one person to marry, ... his self-discipline and lack of family planning are well known throughout the country." However, there were several key sentences in front of the same paragraph recorded in Yongzheng Daily Registration, which were deleted by the record: "Prince Yi was innocently implicated in his second brother, and he was offended for a while, and the imperial examination immediately learned. Over the past few years, Wang Yizhi has been honest and clean ... "[Note: Residence Registration of Yongzheng Dynasty, volume 1, page 139]
It serves to show that Yun Xiang's cautious style of doing things was gradually formed when he suffered a major setback and blow in the event of abolishing the Prince in the 47th year of Kangxi. If this had been the case before, he would not have been involved in the anti-Prince incident.
The following two private writings reveal the close relationship between Yunxiang and the incident of abolishing the Prince.
According to "Yong Lu Xi 'an", "Huang An Wuzi (forty-seven years of Kangxi) spread to the Old East Palace in September and also beheaded Beizi. Then reply. " As mentioned earlier, the Kangxi Dynasty enfeoffed the Prince twice in thirty-seven and forty-eight years, and the first time ended with the permission of the emperor's eight sons. Yun Xiang was naturally not among them. The second enfeoffment was shortly after Yunyong was re-established as the Crown Prince. This time, it ended with Yun Yong, the fourteenth son of the emperor, but Yun Xiang, the thirteenth son of the emperor, has not been unsealed [Note: According to Yong Zhengdi, this is also recognized. See Record of Sejong in Qing Dynasty (volume 13), ugly in November of the first year of Yongzheng. Among the old princes of Emperor Kangxi, Yun Xiang was the only one who was not sealed before his father died. This is in great contrast with his great attention from the emperor's father. He wouldn't be here if he hadn't committed a felony. Yong Zhengdi said that he was "short of money during the imperial examination", which had a lot to do with his never being knighted, so he didn't have much money or a relatively small salary when other princes were knighted.
According to Yong, in September 1947, after the Yun Xiang incident, his teacher, Faheizhi, was implicated, demoted and transferred from his post. Xu is a colleague. He is called "the servant of the prince". Judging from Fahai's consistent hatred of evil and outspoken style, as well as his good relationship with Yun Jian and others who resolutely opposed the prince, [Note: According to the records of Kangxi's 57th year, after he led the army to the west, he was ordered to "serve in the army of Xining". After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, he called Fahai "Zhixi Ning", and then privately crossed the topic with Yunyou. When Yunku was made a general, he was not discouraged by all kinds of greed outside the law. After I acceded to the throne, I ordered you to come to Beijing. Fahai was a former officer, but he sneaked into the capital without my orders. "See" Imperial Palace Cabinet ",December 19, Yongzheng four years]. He has no opinion of Crown Prince Yunxiang, or he once advised on Yunxiang's dumping of Crown Prince.
"Huang Qing Tongzhi Outline" contains: Kangxi "In September of forty-seven, the Crown Prince, the eldest son of the Emperor and the thirteen sons of the Emperor were banned ... In November, the three sons of the Emperor were released together with Emperor Sejong, the five princes, the eight princes and the Crown Prince." The author of this book is Wang Hong, the son of Yun Si. He juxtaposed Yunxiang with the abandoned prince and Yunyou, the eldest son of the emperor, and distinguished it from other princes, thus revealing Yunxiang's great gains in the abandoned prince incident. However, later generations mistakenly thought that Yun Xiang, the thirteenth son of the emperor, was imprisoned for a long time until the first month of the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722). In fact, Yunxiang was released soon. In April of the following year (forty-eight years of Kangxi), Emperor Kangxi visited the Great Wall, and he was among the accompanying governors. But this time, Emperor Kangxi took him, not to show his favor, but to nip in the bud.
In the forty-ninth year (17 10) in June, Emperor Kangxi presented Zhu Pi to Yun Zhi, Yunxiang and Yunchan: "Andrew is not a diligent and loyal person. If you can't restrain yourself, you will cause trouble and you must take precautions. " It can be seen that although Yun Xiang was released, Emperor Kangxi had lost trust in him, so he restrained the princes such as Yun Zhi and Yunyou. Yun Xiang and other princes saw the Zhu Pi above, and the excitement and embarrassment were self-evident. The reason why he was so cautious and respectful from now on, in order to end his life, can find some answers from here. This is what Yong Zhengdi said: Emperor Kangxi's "immediate warning" to Yun Xiang.
Yunxiang finally fell ill because of depression. The poison of dampness and evil is bound to the right leg, and white blisters appear on the knees, which break into sores, and sometimes loose pus flows. The disease is sometimes good and sometimes bad, and it has not healed for a long time after repeated treatment by doctors. Emperor Kangxi was a loving father. Although I was not satisfied with Yun Xiang, I still remembered my son's illness. When he was stationed outside the Great Wall, he often inquired about this matter in Zhu Pi to the princes, and personally read the imperial doctor's memorial and gave specific instructions on treatment [Note: there were 4 Zhu Pi memorials in Manchu Dynasty, which were played by Yin Zhijun and others. May 28th, 6th, 6th, 6th, 51st year of Kangxi (no year, month and day). Due to various reasons, after the fifty-second year of Kangxi (17 13), the memorials of emperors in previous dynasties were rarely preserved, so it is unknown when Yunxiang recovered from this disease. From forty-nine to sixty years old (1710-1721year), Yun Xiang never went out with his father, mainly because of leg and foot diseases.
Judging from the relevant situation, Yun Xiang was once a member of the anti-Prince faction of the Prince, and suffered a fiasco in the incident of abolishing the Prince. After Yin Wanzhen succeeded to the throne, although Yun Xiang was highly respected, he was diligent and dedicated, which was in sharp contrast with the styles of Nian Gengyao and Longkeduo. Therefore, Yin Zhen spoke highly of Yunxiang. Yun Xiang's love for the new emperor can always keep a clear head, not only because he knew Yin Zhen's character and style very well since he was a child, but also because he knew it was the only good way to protect himself. At the same time, it also shows that the defeat of Kangxi in forty-seven years had a great influence on Yun Xiang's style and character until his life.
It is worth noting that in March of the third year of Yongzheng (1725), Zong Zabu, who had fought against Yunyou and was promoted to general, said: "Now Wang (referring to Yun Xiang), as an ordinary person, has no knowledge, but he has handed over state affairs to Iraq. How can he manage it well? Is your statement today true? Do you curse the country? As we all know, wangyi was strong, smart and gifted since childhood, and was deeply loved by the emperor and his father. Wangyi is not a bold man. He never thinks too much. The king of Iraq showed filial piety to the emperor's father, and the courtiers showed filial piety to the second brother. Because of my friendship with my second brother, I was framed by my eldest brother's jealousy, so I was implicated in my second brother. Since being implicated, I have been grateful to the emperor's father for many years, but I have never asked the nonsense that allows people to talk, and I dare not cross the line. Everyone knows that wangyi never worries the emperor's father. " According to Yong Zhengdi, Yun Xiang offended Emperor Kangxi because he was "friendly with his second brother and was framed by his jealousy". This needs analysis.
First of all, if Yun Xiang is really close to Crown Prince Wan Yun and stands in opposition to Yin Zhen, one of the anti-Prince faction members, then the two of them will never be so close since childhood. On weekdays, they live in Beijing "sooner or later" and are inseparable from the Great Wall.
Secondly, according to Records of the Holy Father of Qing Dynasty, Kangxi went to the Great Wall in summer and autumn every year from the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi (1699) to the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708), and he took Wang Zizhong with him, including a crown prince and his eldest son. This is the year of 10, and the relationship between the Crown Prince and the Crown Prince has changed greatly. The patrol outside the Great Wall lasts the longest. Obviously, he took the Crown Prince with him because he didn't trust him to stay in Beijing alone. As for the two princes, not only to show esteem, but also to secretly monitor and contain the Crown Prince and strengthen the right forces. After thirty-six years (1697), the crown prince's reserve became more and more public, especially after thirty-nine years (1700), Soto's family secretly reported his ulterior motives, so it was absolutely necessary for Emperor Kangxi to be vigilant. Yunyun and Yun Xiang were selected as philosophers. First, both of them are good at riding and shooting, and their martial arts are outstanding. Second, Emperor Kangxi knew that they were at odds with the Crown Prince, so he would not give them asylum or conspire with them. Third, Yun Xiang is very delicate and practical. So brave but not calm, the two complement each other. If Yun Xiang is closely related to Yun Yong, how could he be chosen by Emperor Kangxi, and 10 remains unchanged?
Third, if it is really like Yong Zhengdi said, then when the eldest brother Yunyun was besieged by Chu and Wan Yun was re-established as the Crown Prince, Yun Xiang, who was wronged by the prince, will also get corresponding rewards and be knighted, instead of being put into another book by Emperor Kangxi and treated differently from other princes. Even after the incident of abolishing the Prince, he was still not forgiven by Emperor Kangxi and was demoted as ". In feudal times, if the emperor thought that his courtiers were disloyal and unfilial, his condemnation was extraordinary, and this alone could lead to the death of the latter. Emperor Kangxi, who loves his son as much as his life, would never say such vicious words if Yun Xiang just made a general mistake.
Therefore, it is not credible for Yong Zhengdi to say that Yun Xiang offended Emperor Kangxi. However, Yun Xiang withdrew from the anti-Prince faction and acted cautiously, "dare not cross the line", which is true.