Guangxi Luchuan Grain
Analysis of summer harvest grain production in Luchuan County in 2010
This year’s summer harvest grain production in Luchuan County has been affected by various factors such as rising grain prices and national policies to support grain production. The majority of farmers are growing grain. The enthusiasm continues to increase, the general investment is increased, and management is strengthened, so that the summer harvest grain yield is still at a high level of 409.8 kilograms despite drought, cold damage, low temperature, and lack of sunshine. The specific situation is analyzed as follows:
1. Summer grain production situation
The summer grain planting area in the county remains stable, with a slight decrease. The continuity of the national direct grain subsidy policy has prompted farmers to continue to be enthusiastic about growing grain, and the planting area of summer harvest grain crops is close to that of the same period last year. This year, the county's summer grain area is 21,343 hectares, a year-on-year decrease of 0.19%. Among them: rice, the main summer grain crop, is 19,273 hectares, a year-on-year decrease of 0.59%; other grain areas are 2,070 hectares, an increase of 3.7%. Due to the drought, it is difficult to water early rice, which has led to the reduction of planting area in some towns and villages. For example, the planting area of early rice in Daqiao Town is 1,340 hectares, 10 hectares less than last year.
This year’s total summer grain output in the county was 131,220 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 2,358 tons, or 1.76%. The summer grain yield per unit area was 409.8 kilograms, a year-on-year decrease of 6.5 kilograms, or 1.56%. The output of early rice, the main summer grain crop, was 125,229 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 2.08%, and the early rice yield per unit area was 433.2 kg, a year-on-year decrease of 1.48%; the corn output was 2,277 tons, an increase of 7.20% year-on-year, and the corn yield was 238.6 kg, a year-on-year decrease of 0.72%; total beans The output was 1,339 tons, an increase of 2.44% year-on-year. The yield of beans per mu was 134.2 kg, an increase of 1.41% year-on-year. The total output of potatoes was 2,375 tons, an increase of 5.41% year-on-year. The yield of potatoes per mu was 205.8 kg, an increase of 2.65%.
2. Analysis of factors affecting summer grain production.
First, low temperatures, droughts, and floods reduced summer grain yields by 1.56%.
Due to the persistent drought and low temperature in the county last winter and this spring, the growth and development of summer grain crops were affected. Sustained drought since the beginning of spring is a rare phenomenon in the county in recent years. After entering April, the sunshine hours are 10% less than normal, which is detrimental to the growth of early rice.
1. The temperature continues to be low, and the planting period of early rice is delayed. This year, the early rice planting period in the county is one week later than normal. Delaying the growth period of early rice is also detrimental to the improvement of tiller turning and panicle rate.
2. Serious floods occurred in early June, which also affected the county’s early rice production to a certain extent.
Second, due to effective management measures, the total summer grain output did not decrease significantly.
This year, the county has strictly controlled seed quality in early rice planting and vigorously promoted excellent super rice varieties. In early rice production, the county has planted 141,000 acres of super rice. Although there was less precipitation and low temperatures in the early part of this year, the county's water conservancy construction is good, and crop watering is relatively stable, which reduces soil water evaporation, so the soil is suitable. In addition, based on the serious situation of the reduction of early rice area and poor seedling growth this year, the county government requires agricultural departments at all levels to organize cadres and technical personnel to enter the front line of production and regularly go to the countryside for supervision and guidance on the basis of good base fertilizer application. , increase the amount of topdressing fertilizer for regreening and jointing, and water according to changes in soil composition and timely watering to ensure the growth needs of early rice in the later period and try to reduce the impact of unfavorable climate on early rice. In addition, the flexible application of comprehensive plant protection and pest control technology, chemical weeding and other comprehensive supporting technologies ensures the normal growth of food crops in the county.
3. There are problems.
(1) The impact of the disaster is serious. The drought that lasted from last winter to this spring caused a reduction in summer grain production of about 1.56%. It also caused varying degrees of production reductions in vegetables, sugarcane, oilseeds and other crops. A single typhoon "Sandu" caused direct agricultural economic losses of 12.02 million yuan in the county.
(2) Farmers' planting technology is backward. Since most of the well-educated rural labor force go out to work, and those who remain at home are less educated, they have no idea what to do when they encounter crop diseases, insect pests and other disasters during the production process.
(3) Rural farmland transfer lacks purpose and effectiveness. Farmland transfer occurs in some places. Due to the lack of scientific industrial development planning, farmland is often idle, causing waste of farmland and affecting agricultural production.
4. Suggestions and countermeasures.
(1) Implement policies to benefit farmers and support agricultural production. We should conscientiously implement the policies and measures of the State Council to support the development of grain production, implement protective prices for the purchase of grain products, mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, and further increase the comprehensive direct subsidy standard and total amount of agricultural inputs to farmers growing grain.
(2) Strengthen the construction of water conservancy facilities. Further increase investment and construction in farmland water conservancy facilities, especially the construction of Shantang reservoirs, to ensure that the county's farmland does not lack water during droughts and is free from floods during floods.
(3) Strengthen cultivating management and do a good job in monitoring and preventing pests and diseases. It is necessary to organize technical personnel to go deep into the fields to check the seedling condition, check for diseases and pests, and check the growth. Provide classified guidance for different towns and villages to help farmers implement field management measures as much as possible. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention of diseases and insect pests, take effective measures to reduce the impact of pests and diseases on crops, strive to increase grain yields per unit area, and achieve sustained increases in farmers' income.
(4) Strengthen weather forecasting and strive to improve the prevention of natural disasters.
At present, the summer grain harvest is over and the whole county has entered the rainy season. Rainfall weather is frequent and serious natural disasters such as floods and mudslides are caused in some places, which has adversely affected the growth of crops such as rice and corn. Therefore, the meteorological department should actively do weather forecast work. , all localities must actively prevent floods and drainage, and prevent geological disasters, try to reduce the losses caused by disasters to crops, and ensure a bumper harvest throughout the year