What kind of jade is suitable for a young lady to wear?
For ladies, it is suitable to wear jade (jade jade) such as bracelets, pendants, etc. The following is the classification of jade. The connotation is some information about jade. You can take a look at the middle and there are some introductions to the historical significance of jade jade. (Emerald) Jadeite, also called jade, belongs to the pyroxene type, with monoclinic crystal system and complete cleavage. The main component is sodium aluminum silicate (NaAlSi2O6, gemstones containing more than 50% sodium aluminum silicate are considered jadeite), which is produced in metamorphic rock formations generated under high temperature and low pressure. Often associated with blue amphibole, muscovite, anorthite (dihydrate anorthite), aragonite and quartz. Mohs hardness ranges from 6.5 to 7, and specific gravity ranges from 3.25 to 3.35. The color of jadeite appears white or green depending on the mass fraction of chromium contained in it. Generally, the white and greenish varieties are the most common, and the emerald green ones are the most expensive. Therefore, after jadeite was introduced to China, it was named "Jade" (jade means red feathers, Cui means green feathers). Jade has a less popular history than nephrite, and its production areas are mainly concentrated in Myanmar (currently the largest jade producing country in the world), Niigata Prefecture in Japan, and the Hokuriku coast. Guatemala, the United States, and Russia also produce small amounts. The value of jadeite is judged by its color (so-called "positive, yang, dense, and harmonious"), transparency ("water head"), texture and weight. The price of jade products is generally not affected by age, which is different from nephrite. The raw materials of jade are divided into "Laokeng" and "Xinkeng" according to the production method. Among them, people call the raw jade that has been soaked in natural snow water for a long time "Laokeng Jade". The appearance of such jade is generally green. It is said to have a water-brightening sheen. Therefore it is welcomed by people. Nowadays, people can fill in some colors through strong acid soaking or laser etching, so that the appearance of inferior jadeite becomes similar to high-grade jadeite. Nowadays, jadeite is usually marked with letters A, B, and C in the market to distinguish the texture of jadeite products. . Among them, Grade A jade means natural jade that has not been chemically treated and has natural color and effect. Other types of jade have more or less artificially added ingredients. Nephrite-colored jade inlaid with sapphire, "Red Sandalwood Handle Sapphire Carved Flowers and Fruits Ninety-nine Ruyi" is hidden in the Hebei Provincial Museum of History. Hornblende and actinolite nephrite is also called Nephrite in English. Soviet chemists once named nephrite "Chinese Jade". Most nephrite (cultural classification) is not considered jade by international standards, but other minerals. But in a few countries (such as China), they are still traded as a category of jade. As for the internationally accepted standards for nephrite tremolite and actinolite, the jade with higher purity and texture is produced in Hotan, Xinjiang. In addition, the so-called "Four Famous Jade in China" (Hetian Jade, Hotan Jade, Turquoise, Xiuyan jade, Dushan jade), among which the only mineralogy that truly belongs to nephrite is Hetian jade and tremolite Xiuyan jade. The chemical composition of nephrite is calcium magnesium silicate (Ca2Mg5(OH)2(Si4O11)2), which is a monoclinic crystal system. The color is determined by the composition of tremolite and actinolite. Tremolite is mainly white and gray in color, while the color of actinolite fluctuates in the range of dark green-reddish brown-black depending on its iron content and the degree of oxidation of iron elements. According to the color of soft jade, there are several subspecies: pure white suet jade with oily luster; white jade, green white jade, sapphire, jasper, topaz and black jade, as well as rarer sugar jade, etc. Hotan jade produced in Xinjiang is a type of nephrite with higher purity. It generally has a glass-grease luster and a mineral specific gravity between 2.80-3.10. Mohs hardness is between 6-6.5, and the color can appear in various colors from pure white to foggy black depending on the mineral components contained. Therefore, there is no fixed cleavage state. Hetian jade has the strongest toughness among jade and is not easy to break. History The Mohs hardness of nephrite is not high, so humans have been using jade tools since the Neolithic Age. China will recognize Xiuyan jade found in the archaeological discoveries of the Xinglongwa Culture (about 8,000 years ago) sites in the Liaodong Peninsula as the world's earliest jade. [1] The indigenous people of New Zealand have also discovered many relics in their cultural relics, and archeology has confirmed that jade has been popular in New Zealand for centuries. In Japan, jade is also used as one of the materials for sacrificial vessels, especially magatama. Jade also appears among the three major artifacts in Japanese history.
Most of the jades unearthed in the Neolithic period are not the currently internationally recognized nephrite jade such as actinolite, but serpentine, which is jade in cultural concepts. Therefore, the jade materials unearthed during this period were often of various types, with Xiuyan jade and Dushan jade being the main jade materials during this period. With the progress of society, the jade carving technology is becoming more and more advanced. In the 16th century BC, China's Shang Dynasty began to use jade as a symbol of wealth for slave-owning aristocrats. Moreover, jade articles also began to share the functions of political vessels. Emperors often used jade articles when enfeoffing nobles and granting wealth to ministers. In Yinxu, Henan, 755 jade articles were unearthed from the tomb of Fuhao (the wife of Emperor Wuding of the Shang Dynasty) in 1976, including Xiuyan jade, Hetian jade (this shows that the Central Plains of China already had economic and trade ties with Xinjiang at that time), etc. Decorations, accessories, ritual utensils such as jade dragons, osmanthus, jade bis, jade congs, and jade plates; in the archeology of the Shang Dynasty, accessories reflecting social customs such as "kneeling people" were also discovered. It shows that jade has formed a system with a wide variety of uses in the Shang Dynasty, and its styles have also developed from flakes in the Neolithic Age to simple accessories and carvings, which shows that the processing of bronze, the main tool at that time, has been greatly improved. develop. Western Han Dynasty jade garment with golden threads. The sophistication of its production represents the most advanced jade craftsmanship at that time. As the influence of Confucianism on China and East Asia continues to deepen, the political understanding of jade in its doctrine has also become a kind of social consciousness. The jade system also improved day by day during this period, forming a system of "six auspiciousness" and "six artifacts" with different functional divisions. The "Six Utensils" comes from "The Rites of Zhou·Chun Guan·Dazong Bo", "Six utensils are made of jade to pay homage to the four directions of heaven and earth: blue jade to pay homage to heaven, yellow cong to pay homage to earth, green gui to pay homage to the east, red canopy to pay homage to the south, "White Hu is offered to the west, and Xuanhuang is offered to the north." It is a ritual vessel used by the emperor to offer sacrifices to the four ends of the world and to pray for the stability of the country and the peace of the country. The "six auspicious signs" also come from Zhou Li's "Use jade to make six auspicious signs for the state: the king holds the Zhen Gui, the duke holds the Huan Gui, the marquis holds the Xin Gui, the uncle holds the Gong Gui, the son holds the grain bi, and the man holds the Pu Bi." The two kinds of jades, Gui and Bi, were gradually divided into six types according to the level of the official system, which shows that the centralization of power at that time had generally taken shape. However, some scholars point out that "The Rites of Zhou" was written during the Warring States Period, and its works will inevitably be mixed with Confucian thought and culture. ]] When the emperor offered sacrifices to heaven and earth, he would use jade books to engrave inscriptions; hundreds of officials would use jade as seals when conferring titles; jade talismans would be used to convey orders from the emperor, and gentlemen would use jade as the standard of moral conduct; jade is often used as a symbol of beauty in folk poetry. The representative symbol of things. For example, there is a poem mentioned in "The Book of Songs·Guofeng·Zhounan": "Throw me a peach, and repay it with Qiong Yao. It is always good to be rewarded by a bandit." Among them, "Qiongju", "Qiongyao" and "Qiongjiu" " were all good names for "jade" at that time. In addition, "Bai Gui's tarnish can be polished; what he said cannot be tarnished." ("The Book of Songs·Daya·Yu") "Qishui is on the right, and the spring is on the left." . The charm of clever laughter, the beauty of wearing jade." ("The Book of Songs·Guo Feng·Wei Feng") In addition, many idioms are also related to jade, such as "the heart of the jade pot", "the jade and the stone will burn", etc. There is no distinction between praise and blame in these idioms. The meaning of "jade" is generally a word of praise. With the continuous development of Confucian culture in China during the Warring States Period, people gradually accepted the ideas of various factions and at the same time accepted the role of jade in culture. Therefore, the cultural significance of jade is also rising. Jade articles are found in poetry, palaces, and altars. Among them, the allusions about "He's Bi" appeared during this period, and were continuously extended through historical books such as "Historical Records" and "Warring States Policy", becoming a symbol of great cultural significance. The cultural meaning of jade is still gradually taking shape. After the Han Dynasty, the craftsmanship of jade articles continued to innovate, and the classes that could use jade articles ranged from emperors and generals to white-dressed merchants. The understanding of jade is a symbol of morality. Xu Shen's "Shuowen" of the Eastern Han Dynasty gave jade five moral qualities, namely "benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage and purity". Jade wares also began to develop in two directions: portable decoration and carvings. Jade wares after the Six Dynasties began to develop towards realistic techniques, and most of the works were themed with people and allusions. After the Song Dynasty, jade became a secular decoration. Jade was once one of the specialties of the Western Regions on the Silk Road. Khotan (now Hotan County, Xinjiang, China) is famous for its production of pure white nephrite, which has been unearthed in Iran, Afghanistan, and India. Among Hetian jade, jade with pure white color and fat luster is called "mutton fat white jade" and is loved by people. In addition, Xinjiang’s Junggar Basin and Qinghai are also rich in jade.
After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, jade carvings were increasingly based on decoration, including the famous large-scale jade carvings of Dayu's flood control and Yushan during the Qianlong period, as well as other famous products made from jade materials. During this period, jadeite jade also began to be welcomed by society. A large number of extremely well-made jade carvings were discovered in the tomb of the Empress Dowager Cixi, but their whereabouts were unknown after the tomb was robbed. Classification of Jade Jade can be divided into nephrite and jade. Nephrite generally refers to white jade, sapphire, jasper and Northeast Xiuyu produced in Xinjiang, my country. Jadeite refers to jade produced in Myanmar. Whether it is nephrite or jadeite, their texture is very hard and their color is very bright, so it is known as the "King of Stones". Jade is already valuable, but after being processed and carved by skilled craftsmen, it becomes a priceless treasure. With the development of the times, jade ware has gradually formed a jade culture. The connotation of jade The word "jade" originated from the oldest writing in my country, in oracle bone inscriptions and bell and tripod inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty.
Nearly 500 Chinese characters for jade have been created, and there are countless words composed of jade. The Chinese characters for treasure are all related to jade. The word "bao" that has been passed down in later generations is The combined characters of "jade" and "家" indicate that "jade" is privately owned, which shows its irreplaceable value. The word "jade" is a beautiful and noble word in the minds of the ancients. In ancient poetry and prose, jade is often used to metaphor and describe all beautiful people or things. For example: words that use jade to describe people include jade appearance, jade face, jade girl, graceful standing, etc.; words that use jade to describe objects include jade meal, jade food, jade spring, etc.; idioms composed of jade include golden and jade good relationship, golden rule, round and round jade, throwing bricks to attract jade. etc., there are folk legends and stories about jade such as "Heshi's Wall", "Hongmen Banquet", "Playing Jade and Playing the Flute", "Women's Trouble Mending the Sky", etc. There are even more people who name their beloved children after jade. For example, Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu have never tired of reading the touching "Dream of Red Mansions" for many years. It was Cao Xueqin who placed his ideals in life on this piece of beautiful jade. His love for jade has taken root in the hearts of the Chinese people. deep roots. Xu Shen of the Han Dynasty explained jade in "Shuowen Jiezi": "The beauty of jade and stone." This annotation scientifically elaborated on "jade" from two aspects: material (stone) and artistic (beauty). word concept. There is also "like the connection of three jade/its connection", that is, the original meaning of the jade pictogram is three pieces of beautiful jade connected by a silk rope, which is a rich shape. It also means that the ancients used jade to symbolize all things, "the connection of three jade" "Represents the connection between heaven and earth and ginseng." The types of jade are described as rich and colorful, which can be said to be "thousands of agates and thousands of jade". It shows that the natural beauty of jade is not affected by human will. It can be said that "beautiful jade can be encountered but cannot be sought, and it can only be used once." It means that the economic value of jade is beyond the reach of other things. It can be said that "gold is valuable, jade is priceless, and hiding gold is not as good as hiding jade."
The culture of jade is China’s culture of more than 7,000 years. It is a special and profound culture that is unique to China. It has filled the entire historical period of China, and the anecdotes about it are even more colorful and bizarre. This shows that the Chinese nation loves jade deeply, sincerely, fascinated and crazy. Therefore, the traditional Chinese concept of using jade has been formed, which is respecting jade, loving jade, admiring jade, appreciating jade, and playing with jade.
Maintenance and cleaning of jade pieces, 1. Avoid collision with hard objects. Jade pieces are easy to crack after being hit. Sometimes, although the cracks are not visible to the naked eye, there are actually hidden cracks in the surface of the jade, which greatly damages its perfection and economic value.
2． Jade should be protected from sunlight. Prevent affecting the texture and color of jade.
3. Avoid chemical agents, which will cause certain damage to jade, such as various detergents, soaps, pesticides, cosmetics, perfumes, hair conditioners, etc. If it accidentally gets on it, it should be wiped off immediately and cleaned to prevent it from causing damage to the jade.
4. Avoid dust and oil as much as possible. If there is dirt or oil stains attached to the jade surface, it should be scrubbed with light soapy water and then rinsed with clean water. Do not use chemical degreasing agents.
5. Newly purchased jade pieces should generally be soaked in clean water for a few hours, cleaned with a soft-bristled brush (toothbrush), and then dried with a clean cotton cloth before wearing.
6. It is best to wipe pendants with clean, soft white cloth. It is not suitable to use dyed cloth or hard fiber cloth. This will help maintain and maintain the original quality.
7. Clean regularly. Jade pieces generally need to be cleaned every once in a while.
8． For jade pendants and other hanging accessories, the tethers should be checked frequently to prevent loss or damage to beloved treasures.