Shanxi is called Jin for short, but why is Shanxi sometimes called the land of Sanjin?
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Tang, Jin, Sanjin and others
According to legend, Taiyuan was a fief of the ancient Tang Dynasty, Shanxi was called Jin for short, and Sanjin was the laudatory name of Shanxi and Taiyuan. This paper will talk about the history of Taiyuan from the relationship between Tang, Jin and Sanjin.
First, about Tang. In Chinese characters, the original meaning of the Tang Dynasty is big, which is extended to a broad sense. On the annotation "What the Tang people did was just words" in Zheng Heng Shuo. There is a saying in Yang Xiong's Ganquan Fu that "the Tang Dynasty on the plain was full of people". However, in China and even the world, when it comes to the Tang Dynasty, people always think of the Tang Dynasty, the great feudal empire in the history of China. In 6 17 AD, due to the exultation and extravagance of Yang Guang and Yang Di, he collected people and built large-scale buildings, and the people were in poverty. The peasant uprising has developed to the point of full swing, and the sons of Taiyuan, Li Yuan and Li Shimin, took the opportunity to attack Chang 'an. The following year, when the Sui Dynasty perished, Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor in Guanzhong, with Tang as his title and Chang 'an as his capital. In the early Tang Dynasty, after the rule of Zhenguan, the national situation was extremely strong. The northern territory was in the second half of the 7th century. The northern boundary once included Lake Baikal and the upper reaches of Yenisei River, the Caspian Sea in the northwest and the Sea of Japan in the northeast. The Tang Dynasty is a great empire spanning Asia and Europe, which occupies an important position in China and even the world history. However, after the Tang and Yuan Dynasties seized the world, why did they become the title of the Tang Dynasty? We have to start from Taiyuan, Shanxi.
According to legend, about 2 1 century BC, China was in the late patriarchal society, the Yellow Emperor was the same clan of ancient nationalities, and Shanxi was the territory of Yao, the tribal leader. Yao is Tao, whose name is Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi, now Yao Temple), which is known in history. Liu Lei, a Miao of Yaodi, was established in the Tang Dynasty. It is an ancient country with a long history in China, which experienced Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. 1 1 century BC, after the Yin Dynasty was destroyed, the Tang State rebelled by the descendants of Liu Lei was destroyed. After Zhou Wuwang's death, his son recited the title of Zhou Chengwang. Make his brother's uncle don. The blocked Tang actually accepted everything left by Liu Lei's descendants, and his territory was Fenshui and Huishui basins in Shanxi. As for where Tang Cheng is, there are two versions: one is twenty miles west of Yicheng County; One said it was in North 2, Jinyang County, Bingzhou. It's not elegant here But generally speaking, the latter is probably because people can see from reality that after the Tang Dynasty changed to Jin Dynasty, later generations did build Jinyang City in the old Tang Cheng area and a shrine for Tang Shuyu in Jinyang. In my opinion, both theories are possible. Objectively speaking, it may be that Linfen, the capital of Tang Yao, Tang Cheng, and Tang Cheng were built in Jinyang after Yu Shu sealed the Tang Dynasty. Anyway, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province was the fief of the ancient Tang Dynasty.
Li Yuan stayed in Taiyuan during the Sui Dynasty and inherited Tang Guogong. After Tang Gaozu and Li Shimin seized the world, Taiyuan was the place where they began to rejuvenate the country, and it was also the hometown of the ancient Tang Dynasty. The word Tang itself is an auspicious word in Chinese, with a big and wide meaning. Therefore, take the title of Tang Dynasty. Because of the vast territory and strong national strength in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty emperor, it had a great influence in world history. Up to now, Britain and the United States still call China expatriates Tang people, the areas where overseas Chinese are concentrated are "Chinatown" and Chinese clothes are "Tang clothes". Everyone knows this, but I don't know whether the Tang people of Datang trace their roots or come from Taiyuan, Shanxi!
Second, about gold. Around the Western Zhou Dynasty in the 1 1 century BC, let his brother and his son Xie's father change the Tang Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty. By 222 BC, Wang Xi of Zhao was attacked by Qin Jun, and Zhao was completely destroyed, which existed in the history of China for nearly 800 years. The gold mentioned here includes gold and three gold. Let's talk about gold first.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Zhou divided knighthood into five categories: public, Hou, Bo, Zi and public. Calculated from the lineage of the State of Jin, the State of Jin experienced 17 generations as a vassal state, and 20 generations as a vassal state, with a total of ***37 generations and 634 years, plus 154 years from Zhao, Wei and Han to Qin's unification of China. It can be seen that the State of Jin, as an ancient civilization with a long history in the pre-Qin period, has an important position in the history of China. After the Jin Dynasty was divided into Jin with Zhao, Wei and Han, its domain included the oldest and most civilized major areas representing the cultural development of the Chinese nation. Judging from the ancient cultural sites that have been discovered, Xiwangcun culture in Ruicheng, Shanxi, Dongxiafeng culture in Xiaxian, Taosi culture in Xiangfen, Peiligang culture in Zhengzhou, Henan, Hougang culture in Anyang, Dasikong culture in Mianchi, Miaodigou culture in Sanmenxia and magnetic mountain culture in Wuxian, Hebei, are all representative areas of Xia, Shang and Zhou cultures, all within the scope of Jin State at that time. The main territory of the State of Jin is in Shanxi, which is naturally referred to as Jin for short. As for why Xie Fu changed Tang Dynasty to Jin Dynasty, there are two theories. First, because gold has water, it is called gold. It is said that taking the original meaning of Jin and keeping pace with the times means progress, and it is impossible to verify what it means, but it is universally recognized that Shanxi is called Jin.
It should also be pointed out that the status of the State of Jin was originally attacked in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhou Chengwang Song Ji sealed his brother Yu Shu in 1 1 century BC. After Xie Fu changed Tang to Jin, Tang and Jin split. Tang Shuyu was the monarch of the Tang Dynasty and the ancestor of the Jin Dynasty. This is what Sima Qian meant by "Jin" in Historical Records Jin Shijia. In the Zhou Dynasty, Jin was originally a vassal state, that is, a second-class vassal state. Around 680 BC, after Emperor Wu of Jin was overthrown and ascended the throne, he called himself Quwo Kung Fu, and privately raised his standards. In order to gain the recognition of the central government, martial arts used improper means. He gave all the treasures, jade articles and bronzes of the State of Jin to Zhou Tianzi, who was greedy for money and treasure. Zhou was bribed by Qu Wogong and was named Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, so Hou was promoted to a feudal city and became a vassal state. Sima Qian unreservedly recorded the ugly behavior of Emperor Wu of Jin who was promoted to duke through bribery in the family of Jin State, leaving a lasting shame in history. However, after Emperor Wu of Jin sealed A Jin, he was in office for only two years, but he achieved nothing. After offering public kindness, gold is the source of disaster; Good for evil worsened the relationship with Qin Jin, and the state of Jin was in constant trouble and its national strength declined. In 645 BC, Zhong Er, the son of Jin Dynasty who had been in exile for 19 years, returned to China with the support of Qin Mugong, and was known as Jin Wengong in history. As Jin Wengong suffered from vagrancy, after he acceded to the throne, he practiced benefiting the people, forbidding taxes, rewarding farmers, helping the poor, reducing tariffs, encouraging trade, popularizing law and teaching, and being simple in folk customs. Generations made friends with foreign countries and intermarried from generation to generation, maintaining relative stability, making the state of Jin prosperous and strong, and realizing the revival and hegemony of the state of Jin. In 572 BC, after Duke Mourn of Jin ascended the throne, the state of Jin declined day by day.
Third, about "three golds". In 458 BC, shortly after Jin Aigong ascended the throne, Zhi Bo, one of the six ministers of the State of Jin (Zhi, Zhao, Wei, Han, Fan and BOC), seized the real power of the State of Jin. Together with Han and Wei, he carved up the land of Fan and Bank of China. Then Zhi Bo joined forces with Han and Wei to besiege Jinyang and Enemy at the Gates, the capital of Zhao, in an attempt to destroy Zhao in one fell swoop. Based on the principle of "the lips are dead and the teeth are cold", Zhao Xiangzi sent someone to secretly persuade the Han and Wei to jointly deal with Zhi Bo, and defeated the wisdom army in Jinyang, killing Zhi Bo. In 453 BC, Zhao, Han and Wei carved up the territory of the State of Jin. In 403 BC, that is, in the twenty-third year of Zhou Weilie (the seventeenth year of Jin Weigong), Zhao, Wei and Han were made princes. Since Zhao, Wei and Han were all born in the State of Jin, after the "Three Kingdoms Divided into Jin", although the State of Jin was declared extinct, the emerging three princes, Zhao, Wei and Han Ji, were active on the stage of China. As a principality, however, gold has existed in name only for 28 years in a narrow world.
Jin and Sanjin were inseparable ancient civilizations in the history of China before the reunification of Qin. The so-called Sanjin means that the three families are divided into Jin and Jin is divided into three families. In the history of China, the division of the three ethnic groups into Jin started in the Warring States Period (403 BC). Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian begins with the division of Jin by three clans, and mentions the name of Sanjin. Sanjin, in fact, is also the collective name of this period of history for future generations. I think, as the later generations called Shu, Wei and tachileik at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it generally refers to this period of history. The Three Jin Dynasties not only represented the Jin State that dominated the Spring and Autumn Period, but also included Zhao, Wei and Han among the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period. After 2000, people still miss and praise Sanjin, and they are collectively called Sanjin. It can be seen that Sanjin's position in the history of China reflects the connotation of being one of the cradles of China's civilization history more widely than Shanxi. It shows that Sanjin culture has realized the integration of northern culture and central plains culture and made historic contributions to the inheritance and development of Chinese national culture. It shows that Sanjin, with its superior geographical position, rich resources and talented people, is a treasure trove of geomantic omen in the motherland.
The sons and daughters of Sanjin, who have a long history and ancient culture of 30 centuries, will surely play a more brilliant triumph in moderns in the new century!