What is the prospect of planting Finger Pepper in Guangxi, the current market price and the cost of planting an acre? Seek an answer

1, the production cost is too high, which reduces the absolute income of pepper and the enthusiasm of farmers for planting.

According to the investigation and statistics of Qin Hong, a local pepper grower interviewed in Long Ming town during our summer internship in the countryside, the specific cost per mu is as follows: (Take "bonus" as an example)

Cost remarks

Seeds: 3 bales/mu * 150 yuan/bale =450 yuan, (except for the seeds provided free of charge by higher authorities, here we take the ones that need to be purchased as an example).

Chemical fertilizer: (twice/mu * 50k g/ time * 1.6 yuan /kg = 160 yuan), in addition to chemical fertilizer, at least two to three thousand kilograms of organic fertilizer should be applied per mu.

Pesticides: (50 yuan/time *9 times =450 yuan), spraying pesticides once every 10 day, with pepper growing for 3 months and spraying pesticides 24 times.

Plastic film: (7.3 yuan/kg *30 kg = 2 19 yuan), of which 30 kg per mu is required for plastic film per kg in 7.3 yuan, all calculated on average.

Employees: (50 yuan/day/person *4 people * 15 days = 2,000 yuan), peppers are picked once every 4 days on average, and people are hired during the peak period, and the peak period is at least 2 months.

Total: 3279 yuan, which is the most conservative estimate.

The cost of planting finger pepper is so high that farmers' enthusiasm for planting finger pepper has been hit. Although this is just a "bonus" as an example, not all peppers are planted in this way, but here we can see the cost of farmers growing peppers.

2. The lack of excellent varieties with disease resistance and high yield has seriously affected the benefit of pepper.

(1) We can't keep local varieties, so we can only buy imported varieties. After more than 30 years of planting, farmers have kept their own seeds and used them repeatedly year after year, becoming the leading variety of Tiandeng sweet pepper. In recent years, the pests and diseases of dominant varieties have increased significantly, and sometimes even failed to harvest. This shows that the main varieties have obviously degraded, the resistance has obviously weakened, the diseases have obviously increased, and the yield per unit area has obviously decreased, which is no longer suitable for local cultivation. It is time to use new varieties. However, there are no researchers or related departments specializing in variety characteristics and seed production. In the face of many diseases and low yield caused by variety degradation, Tiandeng failed to cultivate a new variety of pepper suitable for local cultivation in time. In order not to affect the planting production and harvest of pepper farmers, we can only buy and introduce excellent varieties of pepper that are more suitable for local cultivation from other places.

(2) The varieties planted now have weak disease resistance and low yield. Now Tiandeng is in the period of variety replacement, and the introduced varieties need to be continuously screened. At present, root rot, anthracnose, bacterial wilt, Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew of pepper are serious. For example, "Tianjiao 1" has a large market demand and high price, but its output is low, so it can only be planted in some villages; For example, the "Bonus" powdery mildew launched this year is more serious.

(3) There is a lack of fine varieties with strong adaptability, which can be planted in some places and cannot be planted in some places. For example, "Tianjiao 1" adapts to the local climate, but it can't be planted in counties and towns, but only in individual villages, with low yield. It is endemic to the local area. Another example is "Spicy Arrow 1", which belongs to the same species and village. Some refer to persimmon peppers that don't die after being soaked in water for 4-5 days, and some refer to persimmon peppers that die one after another after heavy rain on a well-drained hillside. In the same field, there is only one field base, but one party is completely dead and the other party is basically not dead.

3. The popularization rate of agricultural production technology is low, which affects the pepper yield.

(1) The agricultural technology extension system is not perfect. In the communication with farmers, we found that some farmers' planting techniques of pepper were relatively backward, while others adopted more advanced techniques. Why are farmers' planting techniques mixed in the same place? We think this is not just a matter of experience. Some farmers also mentioned that the planting methods have not changed for many years. Then, this is related to the popularization of agricultural technology. In addition, there is a serious shortage of agricultural extension personnel, especially experienced pepper production experts, which is also an urgent problem to be solved.

(2) The shortage of agricultural technicians, especially some specialized talents, seriously restricted the popularization of pepper technology. According to our investigation, Tiandeng Agricultural Bureau has more than 60 employees, but there are not many in-depth studies on Zhitian pepper. The scientific research personnel of Tiandeng Association for Science and Technology are also in short supply. Therefore, many technical problems in pepper production are diagnosed by professors from the old Association for Science and Technology of Guangxi University.

(3) Pepper growers do not enjoy enough experience and technology. Due to various subjective and objective reasons, farmers lack experience exchange and technical enjoyment.

(4) Farmers are not sure about the best sowing date of pepper. This problem is mainly manifested in the cultivation of anti-season peppers. Because it avoids the peak season, it has a certain advantage in price. Combined with the high quality of Tiandeng sweet pepper, anti-season pepper has a good development prospect. But when is the best time to sow? It is really not easy to achieve a suitable climate and good price in the listing season. At present, this problem is in the stage of continuous exploration and needs to be solved urgently.

4. Farmers' enthusiasm for growing peppers is not high enough.

According to our investigation, Tiandeng pepper farmers are not very enthusiastic about production. Of the county's 430,000 population, 6.5438+200,000 people work in other places. Among all the factors that affect the enthusiasm of local farmers to grow peppers, the most important thing is the comparison of production cost, opportunity cost and comparative benefit of growing grain.

(1) With the increase in the prices of agricultural chemicals, fertilizers and other means of production, the production cost of pepper has increased, and the income of many farmers has hovered or even declined.

(2) For farmers, the opportunity cost can be described as the income of other jobs that farmers lose because of farming, that is, the wages of migrant workers who work in cities. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2009, the average annual income of migrant workers in China was 17004 yuan, while the average annual income of Tiandeng farmers in 2009 was only 3620 yuan, less than 22% of the income of migrant workers. It is conceivable how high the opportunity cost of pepper farmers is.

(3) Compared with going out to work, pepper farmers must take greater risks in planting finger peppers. Pepper is susceptible to diseases and insect pests. Once infected with root blight and bacterial wilt, pepper farmers will lose their crops. Pepper is harvested from June to September in summer, and high temperature and high humidity can easily induce these two diseases. In addition, anthracnose, tea yellow mite and powdery mildew are also the main hazards in pepper production. Not only that, but also market risks. The price of Zhitian pepper is still good when it is first listed every year, with an average of 3 to 4 yuan per catty. However, when the harvest is equal, especially in the bumper harvest year, the market supply exceeds demand, and Zhitian pepper will even fall to 50 cents per catty, and pepper farmers will lose their money.

Whether the government and local enterprises can encourage pepper farmers to produce with some preferential measures is also a factor that affects the enthusiasm of pepper farmers.

5. The planting pattern is not reasonable enough, which affects the yield of pepper.

In the process of investigation, we found that the planting method of Finger Pepper in tiandeng is mainly corn interplanting with Finger Pepper, and interplanting and seed clearing still account for a few of the planting area. Due to the special natural conditions such as the sky, and the large population and small land, farmers are used to long-term intercropping. However, there are still many problems in the planting mode of corn interplanting pepper:

(1) The living space of pepper intercropping is not conducive to the formation of yield. According to the investigation data, in this interplanting cultivation method, the cultivated pepper seedlings generally move to the rows of two rows of corn in the late growth stage of corn. At this time, the leaves of corn are dark, the ventilation and light transmission between rows are poor, and the heat exchange between rows is blocked, resulting in the unfavorable conditions of insufficient light and high temperature and humidity between rows, which makes the pepper seedlings stay in this unfavorable microclimate environment until the middle and late July. In the early growth stage, the leaves are small, the plant type is high, the growth potential is weak, and the photosynthetic intensity decreases, which affects the fruiting of 1-2 branches and is unfavorable to the formation of yield.

(2) The initial harvest period of pepper intercropping was postponed. Due to the limitation of corn harvest period, the first harvest period of pepper was postponed to about mid-August, two months later than that of clear-planted pepper, and the harvest period was relatively shortened. At the beginning of harvest, the high temperature and high humidity weather in sunny and rainy days is just the peak of the disease, which seriously affects the yield.

(3) Large-scale corn intercropping with pepper, long-term continuous cropping, can not implement the rotation system, leading to a large number of pathogens in the soil, leading to rampant garbage diseases in recent years, which has to arouse people's great attention, update their concepts, and find effective measures to prevent and treat diseases. The cultivation mode of corn interplanting with pepper causes unfavorable microclimate conditions such as light, temperature, humidity and airflow in the field, which is extremely unfavorable to the growth and yield formation of pepper. On the contrary, this condition of lack of light, high temperature and high humidity is a hotbed for the spread of various garbage diseases, leading to frequent diseases. However, in the long-term continuous cropping, the residual plants of pepper are burned or naturally decomposed by farmers, while the residual plants rotting in the field secrete some substances, some of which are pathogenic bacteria. Long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer makes soil acidification serious, and the high temperature and rainy climate accelerates chemical weathering, resulting in the lack of nutrient element Ca in the soil where peppers are planted. California. It is a medium element in pepper, and its lack seriously affects the yield of pepper.