Why are there so many generous and tragic people in Yan and Zhao?

The pictures in this article were all taken by the author of "The Touch of Black and White". All rights reserved. Theft is strictly prohibited!

Yan and Zhao have many generous and tragic people since ancient times. This is the common sense of the ancients. Counting the heroes and heroic deeds born in Hebei, you will know that the ancients were honest and never deceived:

People in the Tang Dynasty once said, "A rich man is still rich after a thousand battles, and he survives after a few revenges." Describe the demeanor of the Handan Ranger;

The Han Chinese Liu Xiang used "the wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man will never return once he is gone" to describe the courage of the assassin Jing Ke;

Zhang Yide of Youzhou, "Loyalty is truly heroic, and the eight-foot-long snake spear captures the soul.";

Changshan Zhao Zilong, "The blood stains the robes and the armor is red, who dares to compete with him in the sun";

.. ....

This generous tragic song is still passionate in modern times:

Li Dazhao, who was born in Leting, Hebei Province, was tortured and humiliated after being arrested by the reactionaries. He was unyielding and righteous. He was eventually killed at the age of 38;

In Yixian County, Baoding, Hebei, the five heroes of Langya Mountain fought tenaciously against the enemy, ran out of ammunition and food, tried their best, and then jumped off a cliff to die for their country...< /p>

Perhaps it was the strong winds and sandstorms and the scorching heat and cold in the North that created their resolute and bold temperament. However, Yanzhao is not only home to rough and powerful people, this land also produced ancient tomb murals and exquisite ceramics. , rich folk art. For example, Ding Kiln, one of the "Five Famous Kilns", was born in Quyang, Hebei Province. In addition, Quyang stone carvings have a long history and are famous all over the world. From ancient white marble to modern monuments to the People's Heroes, they are all masterpieces of Quyang stonemasonry. .

Today’s article will take you to visit the Hebei Museum and get a close look at the exquisite folk intangible cultural heritage and the style of the ancient Yan-Zhao Kingdom through pictures and text.

The museum is located in Shijiazhuang Cultural Square

The pigeons on the square get along well with tourists

In front of the museum there are two sculptures of two-winged mythical beasts, which are from the tomb of King Zhongshan Tomb-Suppressing Beast

Strange skills seem to be of no use to people, but various arts can help.

The ancients did not value entertainment, so the status of actors and actresses in ancient times was not high. Except for officials and nobles who occasionally watched for fun, ordinary people were busy with their lives and had no time, interest or mood to perform so-called "wonderful skills". If it cannot help plant crops, control floods and droughts, or improve labor efficiency, no matter how amazing a skill it is, it will be regarded as a minor skill by the ancients.

Although some of the "hundred arts" related to daily life are not lacking in "fancy" or even "fancy", people are willing to study and develop them. They facilitate and enrich the lives of ordinary people, and more importantly, Through continuous improvement from generation to generation, it has transformed from initial decoration or practicality to later culture and tradition, and has become the current "intangible cultural heritage".

Intangible cultural heritage is not only the inheritance of cultural folk customs, it can also feed back the craftsmen who inject cultural heritage from generation to generation. In Hebei, "intangible cultural heritage" and "poverty alleviation" are combined. Some skilled craftsmen can earn income through the exquisite handicrafts they make. They can not only get rich, but also spread traditional culture, which is really killing two birds with one stone.

On the first floor of Hebei Museum, these intangible cultural heritage projects "supported by ingenuity" are on display. Let's take a look with me.

Beijing embroidery: it arose in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the eight unique arts of Yanjing. It uses exquisite materials, exquisite technology and elegant style. It was mostly used for palace decoration and clothing. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing embroidery Embroidery has spread among the people and has developed different schools. One of them is Dingxing Embroidery in Hebei Province. It makes good use of symbols, delicate stitching, elegant colors and unique style.

Vegetable dye threads used in Beijing embroidery:

The little girl performs the thread spinning process:

Quyang Stone Sculpture: How good is Quyang Stone Sculpture? Beijing's Monument to the People's Heroes, Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, Great Hall of the People, Tiananmen Restoration, History Museum, National Culture Palace, Military Museum and other projects all involve Quyang stonemasonry; it originated in the Western Han Dynasty, developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Qing Dynasty, it enjoyed the reputation of being "the most famous stone carving in Quyang in the world"; it is beautiful and elegant, and in addition to architecture, various birds and beasts, mythological figures, and historical monuments are all its carving themes.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty:

Historical figures:

He Zhiyun: (Quyang clay sculpture was initially a preview of stone sculpture, and later became an independent art) < /p>

Guangzong Willow Weaving: The willow weaving technique in Guangzong County, Hebei Province originated in the Qing Dynasty and has been passed down from generation to generation, orally and heart-to-heart. The products mainly include dustpans, baskets, square dustpans, eight buckets and other daily necessities, which are practical yet exquisite. Very ornamental.

Gu'an Willow Weaving: Gu'an County, Hebei Province is known as the "Hometown of Willow Weaving". This skill appeared in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 600 years; its products include water buckets, bamboo baskets, and safes. Hats, coffee tables, gift baskets, jewelry boxes, etc., with complete varieties and exquisite technology, enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad.

Yishui Inkstone: Produced in Yixian County, Hebei Province, it is one of the famous ancient inkstones in China. It is as famous as Duan Inkstone in Guangdong and is known as the "Southern End and Northern Yi"; it is said that it began in the Warring States Period, and the earliest unearthed object was born. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it matured in the Tang Dynasty; Yi Shui Inkstone was used to produce ink, store ink, moisturize the brush, and sharpen the brush. Ancient connoisseurs praised its "firm and firm texture, tender and pure color, smooth and astringent, and astringent without sluggishness. Astringent and prone to ink, its color is particularly bright."

Shuanglong Jubao Inkstone:

Xing Kiln Ceramics: Located in Xingtai, Hebei Province, it began in the Northern Dynasties, flourished in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and declined in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Xing Kiln was the first kiln to fire white porcelain in northern my country for more than 1,000 years. During the Sui Dynasty, Xing Kiln fired high-grade white porcelain with exquisite shapes and strong transparency, breaking the dominance of celadon since the Shang Dynasty. situation, pioneering the production of white porcelain, forming the "Southern Green and North White" pattern in the history of ceramics; in the Tang Dynasty, it was equally matched with Yue Kiln and became one of the two famous kilns; Xing Kiln was also the earliest tribute kiln in my country (fired for the imperial court) The firing of white porcelain in Xing kiln is an important milestone in the history of Chinese ceramics.

White porcelain chimes:

White porcelain pots:

Ding kiln ceramics: began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was one of the "Five Famous Kilns" in the Northern Song Dynasty. The place of origin is also Quyang. Because Quyang belonged to Dingzhou in ancient times, it was named "Ding porcelain"; Ding porcelain products include bowls, plates, bottles, dishes, boxes and pillows, etc. The texture is dense and delicate, the glaze color is transparent, and it is as soft and smooth as jade. Among the "five famous kilns (Ding, Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun)", only Ding kiln is good at decoration, with elegant carvings and elegant printing. One of the characteristics of Ding kiln products is that most of the rims are not glazed, which is called " Mangkou".

Small Dragon Head Pure Vase:

Child Pillow:

Fengning Manchu Paper-cutting: Produced during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Fengning is a Manchu Autonomous County. Paper-cutting mostly depicts contentment. The custom is mainly Yang carving, supplemented by Yin carving, with fine cutting skills, meticulous production, full of contrast, rich flavor of life and strong sense of the times.

Wuqiang Wooden New Year Pictures: Started in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and flourished in the Kangxi and Jiaqing years of the Qing Dynasty, they feature a wide range of themes, a rough and bold style, and a strong local flavor.

Hengshui inner painting: a technique of painting the inner wall of snuff bottles, mainly distributed in Hengshui City, Hebei Province and its surrounding areas; it has profound conception, rigorous composition, rich techniques, coordinated colors, and is both elegant and popular. ?

Inner painted fan:

Inner painted vase:

Eight Immortals’ birthday wishes:

Filigree inlay and cloisonné: Origin is located in Dachang Hui Autonomous County, Hebei , using metal (and minerals) as raw materials, integrating art, crafts, carving, inlay and other technologies to produce gorgeous and exquisite works of art. Influenced by the local Hui culture, the products have distinctive Islamic cultural characteristics.

Lotus cup:

Gold holding pot:

Ruyi Fulu Zun:

"Intangible cultural heritage" will show you here , the exhibition hall not far from here is called "Inheritance of Deze Fengwu Kangning", which displays the Manchu culture and hunting customs in Chengde. Most of them are introduced in text. Due to space limitations, this part will be briefly mentioned.

The Manchu Eight Banners: True Yellow, True White, True Red, True Blue, Bordered Yellow, Bordered White, Bordered Red, and Bordered Blue were founded by Nurhaci, Taizu of the Qing Dynasty, in 1621 (the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty). The military organization of the Han Dynasty originally had only four banners: yellow, white, red, and blue. In 1614, it was changed to yellow, white, red, and blue, and the yellow, white, red, and blue banners were added, collectively known as the eight banners, commanding Among the Manchu, Mongolian, and Han armies, the three banners of Xianghuang, Zhenghuang, and Zhengbai were under the personal control of the emperor and were the upper three banners.

Manchu waist knife:

In the museum, there are regular performances of traditional folk arts, including Hebei Bangzi and Beijing-style drums. Most of the content sung is similar to "Encouragement": pay attention Exercise, be good at regulating your emotions, eat more vegetables, be less angry, etc. It is very down-to-earth. Although I was not particularly interested, I stayed in the theater for a while, and the other middle-aged and elderly audience members were very interested.

Hebei Bangzi is one of the main opera types in northern regions such as Hebei, Tianjin, and Beijing. It contains the humanistic feelings of Yan and Zhao, and has accumulated rich table styles, diverse repertoires, and superb performances during its long development. and high-pitched singing style.

In the first part of the "Intangible Cultural Heritage" exhibition hall, modern porcelain art is displayed. In fact, porcelain has a long history in Hebei. During the Shang Dynasty, Hebei people began to use primitive celadon. During the Northern Dynasties, Hebei people Porcelain production began. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Hebei became an important porcelain producing area. Xing Kiln, Ding Kiln, and Cizhou Kiln porcelain became famous far and wide.

Let’s take a look at the exquisite ancient porcelain.

Celadon-glazed Lotus Statue: Northern Dynasties porcelain, the decoration of lotus petals reflects the prevalence of Buddhism in the Northern Dynasties.

White-glazed Pisces Back Pot: Belongs to the Xing Kiln of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. As mentioned above, the Xing Kiln mainly produces white-glazed porcelain. The glaze is white and shiny, and is known as "like snow and silver". .

Three-color lying rabbit pillow: It belongs to the Xing kiln of the Tang Dynasty. In addition to white-glazed porcelain, Xing kiln also fired celadon glaze, yellow glaze, black glaze, sauce glaze and three-color wares.

White-glazed Phoenix Head Pot: It belongs to the Ding Kiln of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. The Ding Kiln inherited the skills of the Xing Kiln and also mainly fired white porcelain. Its characteristics are that the products are carved and have a very high artistic level; The Feng Shou teapot is a Tang Dynasty container influenced by Persian culture. It is mostly seen in gold and silverware and is made of white porcelain. It is a fine art that combines Chinese and Western styles.

Oval pillow with green glaze and black color magpie climbing branches: It belongs to Cizhou kiln in the Song Dynasty. Cizhou kiln began in the Northern Dynasty and reached its peak in the Song and Jin Dynasties. It has rich shapes, rough style and full of life atmosphere.

The three-color phoenix head pot belongs to the Jingxing (Yinxing) porcelain kiln of the Five Dynasties. The Jingxing kiln is a new discovery made by archaeologists in recent years. It also mainly uses white porcelain, and also burns sauce glaze and black brown glaze. , green glaze, yellow glaze, three colors, etc.

Blue and white plum vase with folded branches and three fruits: blue and white porcelain from the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty; blue and white porcelain appeared in the Tang Dynasty and matured in the Yuan Dynasty. It used cobalt oxide as a colorant and used underglaze painting techniques to present the appearance of blue flowers on a white ground. artistic effect.

"Chuxiu Palace" blue-glazed green dragon pattern plate: Chuxiu Palace is one of the six west palaces of the Forbidden City, where Cixi once lived.

Tea powder-glazed gourd bottle with ribbon: porcelain from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

Exquisite porcelain was once equivalent to my country’s business card. Many countries know China through porcelain. “Porcelain” and “China” in English are the same word – “CHINA”, which shows that Chinese porcelain Very popular. However, in the book "Light of Civilization", Wu Jun mentioned that the level of porcelain in modern Europe and Japan has surpassed that of China, and their products are more popular. As the saying goes, art can have its birthplace, but it cannot be monopolized and privately owned.

After admiring the porcelain, let’s go and see the ancient murals.

Murals are the earliest form of painting. Primitive people used stones to carve pictures on walls tens of thousands of years ago. The Helan Mountain rock paintings introduced in the article on Ningxia Museum are one of the earliest murals.

Our country's murals were very popular during the Han and Tang Dynasties. In fact, the murals in the Northern Dynasties were not far behind during this period, but they have never been discovered.

Since the 1950s, a number of Northern Dynasty tombs have been discovered in Hebei, all of which have murals. They are fantastic and magnificent, blending Hu and Han styles, inheriting Han style at the top and Tang Dynasty style at the bottom. artistic value.

Murals on the tomb of Princess Ruru: Princess Ruru is the granddaughter of Anagui, the supreme leader of the Rouran minority in the north, and the daughter-in-law of Gao Huan, the prime minister of the Eastern Wei Dynasty (one of the Northern Dynasties). The gorgeous murals show that She was noble and dignified in her lifetime.

Gao Yang’s tomb mural: Gao Yang was the second son of Gao Huan, the founding emperor of the Northern Qi Dynasty; the bird in the painting is a rosefinch, standing tall and spreading its wings, with a majestic posture.

Mural painting of Gao Run's tomb: Gao Run was the fourteenth son of Gao Huan. There are the tomb owner and male and female attendants in the painting.

Although I don’t know much about painting, looking at these strange and bright images, I still feel that the imagination and artistic level of the ancients more than 1,000 years ago are amazing.

As mentioned above, Quyang stone carving has a long history, beginning in the Western Han Dynasty. The "white marble" we often hear comes from this. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the changes of different mainstream cultures, the content of Quyang stone carvings has also been constantly changing, from stone figurines to Buddha statues, from female actors to architecture, everything is encompassing and exquisite.

This part shows you some ancient stone carvings.

Stone figurines from the tomb of Prince Jing in Zhongshan, Western Han Dynasty: In the early stages of stone carving, they were simple and natural.

Maitreya Bodhisattva and Maitreya Buddha: In the 5th century, Maitreya belief was very common in Hebei area, so stone sculptures mostly expressed Maitreya belief. The works at this time had more details and were lifelike.

Standing statue of Amitabha:

Stone Buddha:

Zhongshan Kingdom was a country during the Warring States Period. The Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period were: Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, and Wei , Han, there is no Zhongshan!

No, during the Warring States Period, there were seven kingdoms of ten thousand chariots and five kingdoms of one thousand chariots. Zhongshan had not reached the threshold of "ten thousand chariots" to be called a "hero", so it was only considered a small country. To the south of Yan State and to the north of Zhao State.

The above picture comes from the Internet

Although the country is small, its spirit is not weak. The Zhongshan Kingdom mediates and competes in the cracks between powerful countries, and it also once proclaimed its king at the foot of the Taihang Mountains. However, Zhongshan Kingdom was founded by nomadic people and has a short history. There are no detailed records in history books. It has always been little known and is known as the "mysterious kingdom".

Since the 1970s, archaeologists have unearthed five tombs of the Zhongshan royal family and more than a hundred tombs of civilians in Pingshan, Hebei Province, gradually lifting the veil of this "mysterious kingdom". From the pieces of unearthed bronze vessels, we can feel the glory of the Zhongshan Kingdom during its power and prosperity.

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Bronze Yue of the Marquis of Zhongshan: Bronze Yue is a symbol of royal power.

Double eagle-shaped tile stud decoration: architectural component.

Knife Coin:

Pinball: Made of clay, silver or stone, thrown weapon.

Bronze Sword:

Zhongshan King’s Golden Road Car (imitation): Some components are decorated with gold. It is a special car used by princes and kings to meet guests.

Beads:

Bronze button bells, copper rings for curtains, copper caps for tent poles, copper rings:

Tongshan-shaped utensils: ceremonial utensils, symbolizing Zhongshan The authority of the king was unique to the Zhongshan Kingdom during the Warring States Period.

Copper flat kettle: contains green wine.

Wrong gold, silver and bronze tiger-eating deer screen base: Why the bold font? Because this is my favorite treasure. The tiger has a strong body and is greedily devouring the deer. The deer is struggling feebly in the tiger's mouth. It looks sad and lifelike. The superb craftsmanship of the Zhongshan people can be seen from this.

Staggered gold, silver and bronze bull screen base:

Silver-headed bronze lamp with figurines:

Crystal ring: The ice-cracked texture is clearly visible, as if it is touching. broken.

In addition to the tombs of the Zhongshan Kingdom during the Warring States Period, Hebei also unearthed the Lingshan Ancient Tombs that shocked the whole country. The tombs were owned by Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan, and Queen Dou Wan of the Western Han Dynasty. The tombs were large-scale and well-preserved, like underground palaces. There are more than 10,000 cultural relics.

Jade garments with golden threads: Two sets of jade garments with golden threads unearthed from ancient tombs are the earliest, highest-grade and best-preserved jade garments with golden threads currently discovered; jade garments were specially made for emperors and nobles of the Han Dynasty Burial clothes are divided into jade clothes with gold threads, jade clothes with silver threads, and jade clothes with copper threads. The bones of the corpse inside the jade clothes have decayed, and only tooth fragments and bone residue remain.

Open-carved Double Dragon White Jade Bi: The jade is crystal clear and vivid in shape. It is a treasure among the jades of the Han Dynasty.

Anche (imitation) of the Han Dynasty: Anche is a vehicle for riding. People of different status ride in carriages with different decorations. The wheels of the king's carriage are vermilion, the cover is blue-black, and the metal parts are painted with gold. .

Changxin Palace Lantern:

Gold-stacked copper Boshan furnace: This is the treasure of the town hall. There are three dragons on the base. The furnace body has overlapping mountains. In the mountains, mythical beasts appear and tigers and leopards run around. During the hunt, the hunter held a crossbow, man and nature were harmonious and beautifully made. It is a rare ancient art treasure.

Bronze Suzaku Ring Cup: A tool for mixing cosmetics.

Bronze Riding Beast Figure Boshan Furnace: