How to breed quail? How to breed quail?
Cultivation method of quail
hatch
Quails can be artificially hatched in incubators. Incubation temperature was 38℃, humidity was 60%, and the temperature was 37.8℃, humidity was 50%, and the temperature was 37.7℃ on day 1-6 and day 717. Turn the eggs 90 degrees every 2 hours. Ventilation can use the ventilation holes of the incubator. Generally, the first photo was taken on the 5th to 7th day of incubation, and the second photo was taken on 12- 13 days.
rise
After the chicks are hatched, they are fed in an incubator after their hair is dry. The temperature of the incubator was 35℃ on 1-3 days, and then it dropped to 32℃ on the 7th day, 30℃ on14th day, 25℃ on the 2nd1day, and about 22-20℃ on the 28th day. The principle of feeding is to drink water before eating.
Can be divided into single feeding and group feeding. Single feeding refers to keeping a male or female bird in a cage. Cages can be made of barbed wire and bamboo. The cage is 90cm long, 20cm wide and15cm high. It is divided into five small cages. The mesh size at the bottom of the cage is suitable for quail feces to pass through without toes stepping in, and the spacing is about 1 cm. The feeding surface of quail cages has a wide mesh, which enables them to eat from the head and neck. There is a trough and sink hanging outside the cage. Group feeding method is to raise small groups in large cages, and it is appropriate to raise about 10.
fodder
There are corn flour, rice bran, bean cake powder, bran, fish meal, bone meal, leaf powder, salt, vegetables, insects and so on. Feed should be more diversified and nutritious. Feed with good quality, strong palatability, complete nutrition, low price and sufficient supply can be selected to form compound feed. Quails are mainly fed semi-wet feed, five times a day, and each quail is fed about 30 grams of concentrate every day. Quails like warmth and are afraid of cold. Do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling in summer; Indoor heating should be provided in winter, and the room temperature should be kept above 10℃.
disease control
Quails grow fast, mature quickly and reproduce quickly, so it is relatively simple to raise quails. However, quails are prone to diseases in the feeding process, such as pullorum disease, coccidiosis, ulcerative enteritis, diphtheria and so on.
Pullorum disease is a common and harmful bacterial infectious disease. The sick quail is listless. The feces are white and mushy. Adding 0.4% sulfadiazine or 0. 1% sulfaquinoxaline to the feed of sick quail has certain effect. Cages should be kept clean and dry, and the temperature should be stable to prevent overcrowding.
Coccidiosis is an acute epidemic disease caused by intestinal infection, with loose feathers and bloody feces. Sulfamethazine or sulfamethazine can be mixed into feed or dissolved in drinking water at a ratio of 0.2%. Take it for 4-5 days.
Ulcerative enteritis is a highly contagious disease of domestic quail. Quail hunchback, closed eyes, diarrhea, dihydrostreptomycin and tylosin are all good therapeutic drugs. Tetracycline and furan also have certain curative effects.
Diphtheria usually occurs in the rainy season, with swollen eyes and tears and loss of appetite. 0. 1% dimethoxypyrimidine sodium powder can be mixed or dissolved in water for drinking. At the same time, the head of the sick quail should be cleaned and disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, and the effect is better.
Marek's disease is also a common viral disease of quail. Sick quails are characterized by listlessness, paralysis, anemia, drooping wings and thin green feces. Visceral type is common in autopsy, showing single or multiple tumors in heart, lung, gland, stomach, liver, kidney, testis and ovary. There is no specific drug treatment for the disease, and prevention is the main thing. It is effective to inject Marek vaccine subcutaneously into newborn quail.
Colibacillosis is an infectious disease caused by Escherichia coli, including acute septicemia, omphalitis, tonsillitis, perihepatitis, enteritis, arthritis, granuloma and vitelline peritonitis. The disease is a conditional disease, and improving the environment is an effective measure to prevent it. Enterobacter canis is mainly infected through digestive tract, respiratory tract, navel and panel wounds. Put an end to the use of spoilage and feed contaminated by mold and Escherichia coli. Strengthen quail feeding management, brush sinks and drinking utensils frequently, and use high-quality feed to enhance disease resistance.
The pathogen of calcareous foot disease is mutant knee mite, which is mostly parasitic on gaskin and toe of quail. The soles and toes of diseased quails are inflamed, and there is inflammatory exudate, forming a gray-white or yellow scab. In severe cases, it can cause joint swelling, toe bone deformation, walking difficulty, growth retardation and egg production decline. During treatment, 20% sulfur ointment can be applied to the affected area twice a day for 3-5 days. You can also wash away the scab fatigue on Gaskin and toes with warm water, and then soak them in 0. 1% trichlorfon solution for 4-5 minutes.
Bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease caused by quail bronchitis virus * * * QBV * *. It is characterized by tears, sneezing, coughing, dyspnea, sinusitis, rapid spread and high mortality. QBV is transmitted by contact and air, and turkeys and chickens may also be artificially infected, but the clinical symptoms are not wet. The incidence of quail was as high as 100%, and the mortality was 50- 100%. The incubation period is 4-7 days. Sick quail has listlessness, conjunctival inflammation, corneal opacity and tears; Sinus inflammation, sometimes purulent secretion, shaking his head; Sneezing, coughing, shortness of breath, tracheal rales; Inflammation of the lungs and trachea, which contains a lot of mucus; The air sac membrane is turbid with viscous exudate; The liver sometimes has necrotic lesions; Peritoneal inflammation with thick exudate in abdominal cavity. Often get together and live in a corner; Sometimes there are neurological symptoms. Adult quails lay fewer eggs, resulting in deformed eggs. Adding 0.04%-0.08% oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline to feed and drinking water, properly raising the temperature of brooding and quail houses and improving ventilation conditions can reduce the death. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen epidemic prevention work to prevent carriers from contacting quails.
Diccoccosis is an infectious disease caused by cocci, which is characterized by diarrhea and head tilt. The clinical manifestations are depression, loss of appetite or disappearance, drowsiness with eyes closed, dyspnea and messy feathers. Most of the sick quails lean to one side and keep falling to the ground. They were artificially lifted, tilted their heads and fell to the ground, and some fell to the ground for food. Severe diarrhea, black sticky or white loose stool. Some joints are swollen, and the abdomen is swollen and purple. The laying rate of small or soft eggs, white preserved eggs and brown eggs decreased obviously. The course of disease is 7-2 1 day. The pathological changes are as follows: the skin on the body surface is red, and there is serous, hemorrhagic or serous fibrous exudate in the abdominal cavity. The wall of the small intestine is thickened, the intestinal canal is thickened, there are diffuse bleeding spots on the intestinal mucosa, and some ulcer surfaces have yellow cheese-like substances the size of sorghum grains. If you remove the cheese, you can see the red ulcer depression. The liver is swollen, and the capsule has bleeding spots or yellow stripes in different degrees. Spleen enlargement 1-2 times with bleeding point. The kidney is swollen 3-4 times, and the color is dark. The fallopian tube is pale. Control method: 2g streptomycin, 24kg aqueous solution and 0.05% pure water for 7 days. It can be cured after taking it for 7 days at intervals of 5 days. During the medication period, the chicken house and drinking utensils should be cleaned and disinfected frequently to keep the quail house clean.
Feeding mode of quail
Breeding in May-July. Male and female birds do not form a fixed spouse relationship, but a marriage system of one male and many females. Usually, shortly after arriving at the breeding ground, the males occupy this area and start courtship songs. Male birds are very aggressive during the breeding season. Nest in plain grassland, farmland edge or weeds and shrubs on barren slopes. The nest mostly uses shallow pits on the ground and is padded with dry grass stems, roots, leaves and feathers. Each nest lays 7- 15 eggs, the eggs are white or olive brown with brown or rusty spots, the size is 25.6-33×19-25mm, the weight is 5.6-7g, and the incubation period is 15- 17 days.
Living habits of quail
Quail is a migratory bird and often lives in a warm climate. It is a kind of juvenile family with relatively weak migration ability. Quails have short wings and can't fly high and long. It often stays during the day and goes out at night. It prefers to migrate in groups at night, and it often migrates in groups. Some people in Japan's Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry once marked some wild quails with special marks and then released them into nature. In order to study its activity, the results confirmed the temperature trend of quail. Two kinds of wild quails in China breed in western Xinjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia from June to July every year, and then migrate south for the winter. According to the preliminary investigation and textual research, there may be three routes for the two kinds of wild quails to move south: directly moving south from Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and arriving in Liaoning, Hebei and Ludu respectively along the Yellow River for wintering; Continue south from Changdu area around Qinghai-Tibet, and pass through Sichuan, Shaanxi and Henan to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; Moved from Changdu area to southeast coastal areas via Yunnan and Guizhou. From March to April every year, they will fly back to Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia to breed. The migration distance is about 400- 1000 km. Of course, there are quails that stay in the local breeding or migrate regionally. They like to nest on local warm and humid aquatic plants.
In addition to the breeding season, many activities are carried out in small groups. In addition to migration, it rarely takes off, flies in a straight line, and often flies in a straight line at low altitude. Crying is a three-syllable whistle as loud as dripping water. It is often described as wetting my lips, and it is often called in the morning, evening or night. Give a harsh whistle when being driven away. Move into the breeding ground from early April to mid-April every year, and leave the breeding ground from mid-September to the end of September in autumn. Migrate in groups, mostly at night, and rest in the grass and bushes during the day. In Compendium of Materia Medica, there is a record that "the fields are crowded, the nights are crowded, and the days are covered with grass". They mainly eat weed seeds, beans, grains and berries, tender leaves and buds. Eat a lot of insects and larvae and small invertebrates in summer. Feeding mode of quail