The method of the director to control the construction progress
The overall goal of construction project schedule control is to ensure the realization of the established target construction period of the construction project, or to shorten the construction period appropriately without increasing the actual construction cost. Below, I sorted out the methods used by the director to control the construction progress. Welcome to read and browse.
I. Introduction
As one of the main participants in engineering construction, supervision has the responsibility and obligation to manage the progress of the project. Article 32 of the Building Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "Construction project supervision shall supervise the contractor's construction period on behalf of the construction unit in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, relevant technical standards, design documents and construction project contract". Article 2.0.2 of Supervision Code (version 20 13) clearly explains: "The project supervision unit is entrusted by the construction unit to control the progress of the construction project in the construction stage according to ……"; Article 4.2.3 The supervision plan shall include the main contents, and Article 8 clearly includes "project progress control"; Article 5. 1.6: The project supervision organization shall review the construction organization design submitted by the construction unit, and the second paragraph of the basic content clearly states that "the construction progress ... shall meet the requirements of the construction contract"; Article 5.4 in the project schedule control, it also stipulates the work that the project supervision institution should do in the construction schedule control. The obligatory supervision work of supervisors in the construction project supervision contract includes schedule control clauses.
Second, the factors affecting the construction progress
The factors affecting the construction progress can be classified into seven categories according to the responsible subjects: construction unit, construction unit, climate, geology, society, policy and safety.
(a) the construction unit
As the leader of project construction, he is the final decision-maker of project management.
In order to create benefits, engineering construction units often draw up the construction period from the market perspective, constrain the construction period with contract terms, and urge the construction period by economic means.
Construction funds Construction funds are the blood of the project. Without funds, the project can't continue to build. The capital chain is broken, the construction is stagnant and the progress is uncontrollable.
Engineering design changes require the construction unit to take time to digest, implement and sometimes rework.
The transfer of construction projects with changes in the main body of the construction unit must go through liquidation and inventory, and both parties must stop work before measurement and confirmation can be carried out.
(II) Construction unit
People, machines, materials, methods and environment required for construction are organized, undertaken and implemented by the construction unit.
Organizational capacity The construction unit must first set up a project management department, followed by organizing subcontracting teams, machinery and materials.
Project management ability After the project resources are in place, the project management will decompose the project, detailing how long and when each process needs to be completed, and who will complete the specific operation and who will accept it; When compiling, detailed arrangement should be made according to project engineering, unit engineering, divisional engineering, sectional engineering, inspection lot and working procedure.
The level of engineering technology is reflected by the level of engineering technology. The project department of the construction unit should not only prepare the construction organization design, but also prepare a detailed special construction plan, make technical disclosure to the construction team and tell the construction team how to carry out the construction.
(3) Climate
Climate conditions are also an important factor affecting the construction progress. Article 9 of "General Precautions for Aerial Work" stipulates: "In case of severe environment such as rain and snow, insufficient light, and wind power above Grade 6, the safety department shall notify to stop operation ..."; Under normal circumstances, the project under moderate rain will stop work and organize drainage; In case of typhoon, the construction supervision and management station will inform all parties of the construction project to stop construction during the typhoon and do a good job in typhoon prevention.
Plant planting is also very seasonal. The traditional best planting season is about 4 months, with the first half in March and April and the second half in 10, 1 1. If the season is missed, the survival rate will be greatly reduced.
Pay attention to seasonal weather when organizing construction. For example, the best season for earthwork excavation is winter, because the underground water depth, dry weather and little rain in winter are conducive to underground work.
In fact, steel structure construction also needs good weather. Generally, the steel structure construction is carried out in an open field without shelter, and the indoor ground has not yet started construction. Often after the ground is soaked by rain, it is difficult for vehicles to enter the site and cranes to walk.
(4) Geology
If the geology does not conform to the survey, ancient tombs, unknown pipelines, unknown underground structures, boulders, quicksand, piping, hidden dikes, hidden ponds, etc., the construction unit must take the initiative to stop the construction. , and report to the construction unit and related units. Further construction can only be carried out after comments are made.
In case of geological disasters such as mountain torrents and earthquakes, the construction will be forced to stop, and the construction operation can only continue after the disaster is over and the site is cleaned.
When encountering unknown underground obstacles, which cannot be avoided and excavated, the project must stop and wait for treatment before continuing construction. For example, in the pile foundation construction of Shanghai North-South Elevated Project, the pile can't be driven down, but after many efforts, the construction can continue smoothly.
(5) society
According to FIDIC regulations, it is necessary to make up for the construction unit's time limit for a power outage of more than 8 hours. If there is no electricity for a long time, you have to generate electricity by yourself, but the cost of generating electricity is much higher than the normal electricity bill, and the voltage is unstable.
In the event of an epidemic, strict monitoring and strict inspection shall be carried out on the import and export of materials, the flow of personnel and food hygiene. Once a worker is infected with the epidemic at the construction site, the whole construction site needs to be isolated for inspection and treatment, and the project will undoubtedly stop.
Social unrest, social harassment, vehicle traffic, migrant workers' mobility and normal office work are all restricted, and sometimes even life safety is seriously threatened, making the construction progress more difficult to control.
(6) Policy
The introduction of industrial policy, financial policy, environmental protection policy and land policy and norms often leads to the lag of project approval, design adjustment, investment change and regional change.
Environmental protection approval is the top priority of the project. Without the approval of EIA, it is forbidden to start construction, not to mention the violation of laws and regulations to ensure the construction progress, but also to face administrative penalties such as criminal responsibility and project demolition and restoration. For example, the Changzhou Tieben project in Jiangsu Province, which started in June 2003, was shut down, went bankrupt and auctioned despite an investment of 2.5 billion yuan, and the project legal person was sentenced to jail.
In order to improve people's livelihood, control the excessive rise of housing prices, raise the threshold for purchasing real estate funds, reduce the amount of provident fund loans, and increase interest rates and down payment ratio. Many developers who take land hold a wait-and-see attitude, dare not start work rashly, and sink huge sums of money. For example, the "land king" of MCC in Nanjing Binjiang died like this;
Article 4. 1 .7 of the Code for Residential Design, which was implemented on August 20 12, stipulates: "For high-rise residential buildings with 12 floors and above, there should be no less than 2 elevators in each building, and 1 elevator can accommodate stretchers." The drawings that do not meet the requirements are unqualified, and the design must be revised.
(7) Safety
Safety measures often delay the construction progress, and the implementation of safety measures takes time to organize and implement.
Needless to say, after the safety accident, it is necessary to stop work and organize emergency rescue, accident investigation, accident handling, accident analysis, summary education and other procedures before returning to work. This period can be as short as 1 week or as long as several years. For example, the "East Lake Garden" safety accident on September 3, 20 12 caused all the projects in Hubei Province to stop work for rectification 1 week, and a large number of construction sites did not resume work within 1 month.
Third, the risk division of factors affecting the construction progress
The above factors affecting the construction progress are divided according to whether they are controllable or not. For uncontrollable factors, it is impossible to control and manage, while for controllable factors, the chief supervision engineer must pay attention to and monitor.
As long as the main body of the construction unit remains unchanged, in general, the progress requirements put forward by the supervisor are basically closely coordinated, and sometimes the construction unit even puts a lot of effort into the management of the construction progress, so the construction progress of the construction unit is controllable.
The construction unit is an important object managed by the chief supervision engineer, and the construction progress is mainly controlled by the construction unit. Whether it is to arrange the progress plan or step by step, it is inseparable from the support and cooperation of the manpower and material resources mastered by the construction unit.
Safety is another difficulty in general supervision project management. Paying close attention to safety can reduce the probability of safety accidents, but it cannot guarantee that they will not happen. Occasional small probability events are unpredictable and uncontrollable, but some of them can be prevented in supervision work, which further reduces the possibility of occurrence. Generally speaking, there are at least two reasons for safety accidents. If more than two hidden dangers affecting safety accidents can be eliminated at ordinary times, the occurrence of safety accidents can be basically avoided.
The chief supervision engineer must pay attention to climate change, not only to mark the barometer, but also to pay attention to the weather forecast for the next week. The climate is beyond people's control, but we can adjust the construction rhythm and make relevant plans through weather forecast, try our best to adapt to the situation and minimize the influence of climate factors on the construction progress.
If geological conditions and underground conditions cannot be discovered by geological exploration, if the construction unit lets the supervisor intervene when the project is established and adjusts the detailed exploration time and method, the occurrence of unknown geological conditions can be greatly reduced.
Social unrest is beyond our control. What we can do is not to participate and persuade others not to participate. In case of epidemic situation, you can interact with the health department, do a good job in health and epidemic prevention on the project, insist on inspection and disinfection, report and isolate relevant personnel in time when changes occur, and achieve non-proliferation; Generally, the power supply bureau will notify the power failure in advance, and the power supply can be resumed in a short time after emergency and sudden power failure.
Policy adjustment is not decided by individual leaders, but often accompanied by public opinion and voice. Behind the industry losses is vicious competition, and behind the overcapacity is the disorderly growth of enterprises. The smog has made the world see that environmental protection is imminent.
Fourth, the construction progress control countermeasures
As the person in charge of project supervision, the chief supervision engineer should read the contract carefully, study the progress control measures in depth, and deploy the construction progress control measures in detail from the date of accepting the entrustment from the construction unit, so as to promote the project smoothly to the node goal.
(1) abiding by discipline and law
From the beginning of the project to the completion of the project to handle the real estate license, every procedure must be handled in accordance with laws and regulations.
Complete procedures, correct procedures and clear responsibility subjects are prerequisites for the smooth development of the project and sufficient conditions for ensuring the construction progress. Only in this way can we stand the test and promote the smooth progress of the project construction.
The inspection and supervision procedures of the chief supervision engineer include: proof of flame retardant materials for temporary buildings on site, building construction permits, notice and list of tower cranes, risky partial and special schemes and expert argumentation, quality and safety assurance system of the project department of the construction unit, appointment with certificates, subcontracting registration certificate, construction organization design, safe construction scheme, emergency plan and blue prints.the design, etc.
(2) Follow scientific laws
Rough operation can only lead to unqualified quality and safety out of control. Once the supervisor finds that the construction unit has illegal behavior and rough construction, he must give a warning, inform the construction unit orally and in writing, and correct the wrong behavior in time to avoid rework and safety accidents and delay the construction period.
The chief supervision engineer should make supervision disclosure to the construction unit at the first regular meeting of the project, clearly emphasize the norms and procedures that the construction unit should follow, inform the corresponding materials that should be submitted in advance, supervise the process of the project, and resolutely carry out the project construction according to the scientific procedures of construction, so as to escort the project smoothly.
(3) the preparation of the project schedule
The project progress plan compiled by the supervisor is a project management thinking, not a construction management thinking. The project progress plan compiled by the supervisor is based on the big node of project intervention and project completion, which is the embodiment of in-depth participation in project management and a pre-control measure.
The progress plan prepared by the chief supervision engineer shall include: general progress plan and node progress plan. The purpose of the master schedule is to manage and coordinate the project, when the design must be closed, when the equipment must be tendered, and when the supporting units should be completed. The master schedule has a certain margin to adjust the schedule. The node schedule should consider when to finish or start, arrange the working procedures in the back row or upside down, and grasp the starting or ending time to meet the needs of inspection, acceptance, debugging, production and use. The progress of a node is a progress without a back road, and generally cannot be postponed.
(d) Pay close attention to the progress of the project.
It is not enough to have a schedule. To control the construction progress on site, it is necessary to compare the progress and require the construction unit to take timely measures to correct the deviation.
The design should complete the design task according to the requirements of the node, and cooperate with the project declaration, construction application, drawing review, bidding and construction.
The construction unit must promptly notify the supervisor, Party A and the quality supervision station for acceptance, and invite the corresponding testing unit to the site for physical testing. Without quality, there is no progress, unqualified waste products need to be reworked, unqualified defective products need to be rectified, and rectification and rework all take time, which delays the project progress.
In the process of progress control, the chief supervision engineer should constantly compare the actual progress with the plan, urge the drawings to be perfect, rectify the deviation by the construction unit, and arrange professional supervision for tracking and acceptance, and invite relevant units and departments such as geological prospecting, design, quality inspection station and construction unit to visit and accept in the stages of pile foundation, foundation trench inspection, foundation reinforcement, foundation division, main transfer floor, standard floor, main division, curtain wall project, energy-saving project and pre-acceptance of completion.
(5) always pay attention to safety
The chief supervision engineer must take a firm and decisive attitude towards on-site safety work, put an end to the fluky psychology of construction units and operators, improve safety vigilance from consciousness, tie up safety bags from the state, and standardize safety operation from the behavior. The site safety work that the chief supervision engineer should pay attention to includes: safety planning, temporary electricity utilization, dismantling of tower crane and material hoist, scaffolding, formwork support, hoisting operation and emergency rescue; Establish safety guarantee system, safety education, food hygiene, sanitation and epidemic prevention, and hold relevant certificates; Mechanical inspection, fire extinguisher equipment, foundation pit support, deformation monitoring, near-edge opening, work wear and so on.
As the person in charge of supervising the project, the chief supervision engineer should bear the first supervision responsibility for the safety of the project. At the same time, instill safety concept into professional supervision engineers and supervisors, arouse more people's attention, attention and maintenance of construction safety, and participate in project safety together.
(6) Coordination and cooperation
The construction of construction projects can not be separated from the cooperation and cooperation of all parties. Only when all parties are United can the project be implemented smoothly and the construction progress can be guaranteed. Relevant parties involved in the project construction include: construction unit, supervision unit, survey unit, design unit, general contractor and various professional subcontractors, and the periphery includes: material suppliers, steel structure processing plants, aluminum alloy doors and windows manufacturing plants and other manufacturers and installers.
In the process of project management, the chief supervision engineer should actively communicate and coordinate with the internal main body, and at the same time understand the ordering and delivery progress between the "handover" unit and the peripheral suppliers, and understand the processing and manufacturing process of the processing plant. Only when the relevant parties are seamlessly connected, the project can be smoothly promoted. If one party fails to connect, the construction period will be partially or completely delayed.
(7) Pay attention to the weather
We cannot change the weather, but we can pay attention to it and make good use of it. This is what we often say "an experienced contractor should take into account". The "experienced" here includes the experience that the construction unit should have in engineering construction, local operation, how to avoid bad weather and make good use of it to make progress.
The chief supervision engineer must pay attention to the weather changes in a week every day, grasp the weather that is not conducive to construction in time, and make second-hand preparations at the same time. On the one hand, he should remind the construction unit to make short-term adjustment and deployment, pay close attention to the construction and finish ahead of schedule, on the other hand, he should do a good job in disaster emergency to avoid expanding losses.
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