A brief discussion on "Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Prevention"?

First of all, soil and water conservation and desertification prevention and control are two issues, one is soil and water conservation and the other is desertification prevention and control. Soil and water conservation corresponds to soil and water loss. Soil and water conservation is the fight against soil erosion. Desertification refers to the land degradation phenomenon in arid and semi-arid sub-humid areas caused by various factors, including climate change and human activities. Soil erosion and land desertification are both harmful to the land and will cause land degradation.

In more professional terms, land degradation refers to the decline in land productivity and biodiversity of agricultural land under the influence of external forces. There are many phenomena that can manifest land degradation, such as the southward movement of the agro-pastoral ecotone, reduced yields in overgrazing grasslands, reduced vegetation coverage, reduced soil fertility, etc. Land is the cradle of life on which all animals and plants depend. Neither humans nor animals can do without the care of the land. The destruction of water and soil will directly harm biological diversity, causing the number of several species to plummet or even disappear. And such damage cannot be undone in a short time. The harm involved is self-evident. From a geographical perspective, land desertification occurs in the Three North Regions of our country. The climate conditions in those places are worse than those in the south. There is sufficient sunshine, less precipitation, dry climate, and mostly saline-alkaline soil. Unreasonable irrigation is easy. The land is salinized, causing a large area of ​​land to become barren of grass. Moreover, the hydrological conditions in northern my country are far inferior to those in the south. Water resources are scarce, vegetation coverage is low, and the ecological environment is relatively fragile. All these make the desertification disaster in the north very serious. Environmental problems in the south focus on the burden on agricultural production caused by soil erosion and the geological disasters caused by soil erosion. Such as reduced agricultural and animal husbandry production, mudslides, landslides, etc. In southern my country, a phenomenon called "red desert" has appeared. There is no grass growing on a large hillside. Because the land in the south is red, it looks like a rouge-like red. That’s why it’s called the “Red Desert.” This phenomenon is caused by the fact that the vegetation in the mountainous area has been destroyed, the land is exposed, and there is abundant rainfall in the south. The large amount of rain washes away the few nutrients left in the soil. The red soil is already very barren, making it even more difficult for plants to grow. . After further destruction, this red desert was formed. The soil in the red desert cannot be fixed, which has become a hidden concern for mudslides. It poses a threat to the cities or villages below the mountain. Our country is one of the top ten countries with the most serious soil erosion in the world. There is a great contradiction between the ecological environment and current economic development. Similar to the early situation of many developed countries, my country's economic development seems to be difficult to get rid of the old path of pollution first and treatment later. It is undeniable that there is a certain contradiction between economic progress and environmental protection, but this contradiction should be reconciled. How to reconcile this contradiction requires the use of the wisdom of all of us. Our country has also made great efforts in this regard. Currently, a total of 20.5 million hectares of desertified land have been controlled across the country, and 12% of the desertified land has been controlled. In recent years, my country's large-scale desertification prevention and control projects include: natural forest protection project, sandstorm source control project in the Beijing-Tianjin area, returning farmland to forest project, and the fourth phase of the Three-North Shelterbelt Project, etc. These projects are mainly used to solve the serious desertification problem in the northern region left by history and the sandstorm problem that threatens the big cities in the Hebei Plain. I believe that this much-anticipated project can effectively alleviate the desertification disaster in the Sanbei region. In recent years, great achievements have been made in desertification control in the Three North Regions. In addition to the efforts of our national government and people, the severe climate conditions in the north have eased in recent years, which has made our efforts more effective. Our country has made many contributions to soil and water conservation. Our ancestors have already made achievements in this area many years ago. The earliest can be traced back to the legend of Dayu's water. The Shang Dynasty had district land laws, and the prototype of terraced fields appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. Terraced fields have a good effect on soil and water conservation without affecting land cultivation. It is the most widely used soil and water conservation method in southern my country. By the Ming Dynasty, there was a very complete governance system, usually with a village as a unit and unified planning. The Ming Dynasty also invented check dams, which used water sedimentation methods to reduce sediment from the Yellow River irrigation water. Purify drinking water for livestock and humans. It can be seen that the water and soil conditions in our country at that time were not optimistic. In modern times, our country has made some efforts in this regard, but due to war, these policies have not been very effective. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the country had not yet recovered from the damage of the war. People at that time were busy with post-war reconstruction work, focusing on economic construction and had no time to take into account environmental protection. During the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, people did not respect science and exploited it indiscriminately. The ecological environment has deteriorated unprecedentedly, and people's awareness of environmental protection is blank. Therefore, it was not until nearly 20 or 30 years ago that the country began to pay attention to the urgency and importance of soil and water conservation. Land desertification is a slow hazard, and people are likely to ignore its existence. But there is something scary when the land is angry. Sandstorms are an extreme desertification phenomenon, which can bring the level of desertification that takes decades to reach overnight. A black storm that was rare in history once occurred in the United States, blowing away a large area of ​​fertile soil on the North American plains. This soil and dust polluted a large area of ​​land. The agricultural production of that year suffered a devastating blow. my country's Beijing-Tianjin region also often experiences flooding and sandstorms in spring, causing many people to suffer from respiratory diseases and reducing soil fertility. Threaten the most densely populated cities in our country.

Therefore, this work does not allow for a moment of respite. Its power cannot be underestimated. What we need to study and work hard is to slow down the speed of water and soil erosion and reduce short-term high-intensity water and soil erosion caused by human factors. I think we must prevent soil erosion from harming human interests and preventing damage to the ecological environment caused by soil erosion. Transform nature instead of displacing it. In short, in addition to mastering basic courses, you also need to understand meteorological principles, hydrological conditions in various places, and knowledge of hydraulics. We also need to understand plants and soil conditions in various places, and we can use knowledge to repair damaged vegetation and restore the original balanced ecological phenomenon. We should also accumulate theory and experience in ecological environment construction planning, forestry ecological engineering, soil and water conservation engineering, and desertification prevention and control engineering. Learn the ability to monitor the degree of water and soil erosion and desertification in various regions, and formulate water and soil conservation and desertification prevention and control plans, so as to carry out water and soil conservation and desertification prevention and control, and build a beautiful home.

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