Thinking after reading Confucius’ family language
What insights do you have after reading a famous book? At this time, it is necessary to write a review after reading! In order to save you from the headache of writing and reading, here are the sample essays on Confucius’ family sayings (selected 4 articles) that I compiled. Welcome to read and collect. Thoughts after reading "Confucius' Family Language" 1
"Confucius' Family Language" is basically a collection of ancient legends centered on Confucius. It is the same as some materials in "Book of Rites" and "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" It was recorded as "twenty-seven volumes". Yan Shigu expressed doubts and noted: "It is not the current "Jiayu"". Ye Shi of the Song Dynasty said in the "Preface to Xi Xue Ji Yan": "Although the forty-four chapters of "Family Language" were written by Kong Anguo, they are actually collected by Kong Anguo's disciples in the later order, and they are the same as "The Analects of Confucius" and "Xiao Xiao". When the Confucius was merged with the Confucius, those that were true and relevant were classified as the Analects of Confucius, and the rest were collected and named Confucius' Family Sayings. Written by Kong Anguo."
However, later generations of scholars doubted its authenticity and thought it was a forgery by Wang Su. Some publishing houses have determined that this book is a collection of materials from Wang Su's bibliography during the Three Kingdoms period and "The Analects of Confucius", "Zuo Zhuan", "Guoyu", "Xunzi", "Da Dai Li Ji" and other books. Wang Su forged this book in order to provide a basis for the "Sheng Zheng Lun" to attack Zheng Xuan's theory. For example, Zhu Xi said in "Zhu Zi Yu Lei": "Jiayu" is just a miscellany of ancient records compiled by Wang Su. Although the book has many flaws, it was not written by Su." It is pointed out that Wang Su relied on it and was not a forgery.
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Sun Zhizu wrote "Family Language Sparse Evidence" and Fan Jiaxian wrote "Family Language Falsification". They found out the basis for the falsification chapter by chapter, and pointed out the traces of fragmentation and alteration. It seemed that This is the conclusion of the public case that "Confucius' Family Sayings" is a forgery. Gu Jiegang said to Wang Bai of the Qing Dynasty: "Today's "Family Language"... It means that Wang Su took "Zuo Zhuan", "Guoyu", "Xun" and "Meng" together. "It was woven together from front to back, and it was entrusted with the name of Anguo." He agreed very much and thought it was "absolutely correct." He also said: "The majority of the current "Family Language" is edited, and a small part is created." He also said: "" "Confucius' Family Sayings" is not only a fake book, but also a miscellaneous book. "The actual situation is that Wang Su obtained an early copy and then added his own interpretation to suit his debate with his opponents. Even so, the compilation of "Confucius' Family Sayings" goes back to an even older tradition.
In 1977, more than 6,000 bamboo slips were unearthed from Han Tomb No. 1 in Shuanggudui, Fuyang, Anhui Province. The contents include "The Book of Songs", "Cangjie Pian" and other lost books. They are the earliest existing ancient books. They were unearthed at the same time. Many of the sentences in the wooden tablets can be seen in the current version of "Confucius Family Language". Li Xueqin believed based on this: "The prototype of "Family Language" did exist as early as the early Han Dynasty. "Historical Records" of famous families and biographies may have referred to this book. Liu Xiang compiled "Shuo Yuan" and also included the text. Wang Su The current version of "Jiayu" that I wrote was roughly based on the simplified version and was expanded and compiled several times." Sheng also discussed the "Jiayu" based on the materials from the Fuyang Han Tomb wooden slips and the "Shuoyuan" bamboo slips. Regarding the authenticity and the age of the book, the conclusions are as follows:
(1) Since the early Han Dynasty, a number of simplified books recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and stories of various countries have been circulated. This batch of simplified books should be the later compilation of " The basic material of books such as "Confucius' Family Language", "Shuo Yuan" and "New Preface".
(2) From the chapters dedicated to Confucius’ words and deeds found on the tomb of Ruyinhou during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, we can see the development and spread of Confucius’ theories in the early Han Dynasty. The compilation of "Family Language" is the product of the development of Confucianism and the attention paid to Confucius. The old saying that Kong Anguo compiled "Family Language" and wrote the preface should be credible.
(3) For a long time, the current version of "Family Language" has been considered to be a forgery by Wang Su. After carefully examining the "evidence" cited by each family, and based on the current knowledge of the compilation and arrangement of ancient books, we will The evidence is not strong.
In the course of the circulation of "Family Language", there have been various situations such as loss, modification, and addition. These are all common problems encountered by ancient books handed down from generation to generation. It cannot be concluded that it is a fake book based on this. This clarifies the past belief that "Confucius Family Language" was a forgery by Wang Su, and is of great significance for studying the academic development of the early Western Han Dynasty.
Comparing the Chinese bamboo slips in Fuyang Shuanggudui and Dingxian Bajiaolang with the modern version, one is simple and the other is complex, indicating that the current version has been expanded and supplemented based on the bamboo slips. This is the process of the circulation of ancient books. a common phenomenon.
We cannot regard it as a forgery because of these additions and supplements, that is to say, we cannot deny the value of the book itself because of the problems that arise during its circulation. In 1994, the Shanghai Museum purchased a batch of Chu bamboo books from the Warring States Period from Hong Kong. Among them, "Confucius' Poetry Theory" contains Confucius's explanation of "Poetry·Zhaonan·Gantang". Compare it with "Confucius' Family Sayings". The two are basically close, so Zhu Yuanqing is convinced: ""Confucius' Theory of Poetry" is Confucius's "Poetry" recorded by Confucius disciples, and "Confucius' Family Sayings" is probably based on original books such as "Confucius' Theory of Poetry". "Compiled."
Kong Anguo, a native of Lu in the Western Han Dynasty, was named Ziguo, the second son of Kong Zhong, and the eleventh generation grandson of Confucius. The date of birth and death is unknown. Western Han Dynasty Confucian scholar. Anguo Shao studied "Shi" from Shen Pei and "Shang Shu" from Fu Sheng. He was knowledgeable and good at Confucian classics. Emperor Wu was a doctor at that time, and later he became an admonishing doctor, and his official position was the prefect of Linhuai. It is said that Liu Yu, King Gong of the Han Dynasty, expanded his palace and demolished the former residence of Confucius and found the ancient text "Shang Shu" in the wall. There are 16 more chapters in the "Shang Shu" than today's "Shang Shu". Anguo rewritten the ancient text into the official script that was popular at the time and wrote "Zhuan" for it. Became the founder of "Shangshu Ancient Literature". The current biography of "Shang Shu Kong" is also known as "The Biography of Kong Anguo", and scholars of the Ming and Qing Dynasties determined it to be a pseudo-entrustment by later generations. Sima Qian, the author of "Historical Records", studied ancient texts such as "Yao Dian" and "Yu Gong" and also asked him for advice. Later generations will respect him as the first Confucian.
Since “the ones that are true and relevant are classified as The Analects of Confucius, and the rest are collected and named Confucius’ Family Sayings”, then in order to trace the footsteps of Confucius, understand After reading the Analects of Confucius and appreciating his voice and appearance, the words and deeds of his role model for all generations, and the sentiments of a saint and the wisdom of a philosopher, "Confucius' Family Sayings" should also be among the must-reads.
I have been reading "Confucius' Family Sayings" for more than a month. Because of my weak foundation in classical Chinese, limited knowledge reserves, and poor understanding, I have not finished reading it yet. I haven't fully understood the chapters I've read. Just taking notes while reading, gaining insights, doodling randomly, and not being able to write a piece, is not a way to study deeply. I always think that as inheritors of general spiritual culture and users of various human spiritual resources, as long as we can understand some of the contents, we will achieve the purpose of reading.
Of course, this insight is from today. If it comes tomorrow, in a new language environment, there may be new insights. Moreover, perception is not empirical evidence and may have nothing to do with science. Critics please be aware of this. What is listed here is a part of "Confucius' Family Sayings", not the entire book. Just think of it as a reading card, for the convenience of future search; think of it as a study homework, I respectfully ask all teachers for correction and guidance. Thoughts after reading Confucius' Family Language 2
"Confucius' Family Language" is also known as "Kong's Family Language", or simply "Family Language", which is a Confucian-type work. The original book consisted of twenty-seven volumes, and the current edition consists of ten volumes, containing forty-four chapters. It is a work dedicated to recording the thoughts, words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. The book collects a large number of Confucius' remarks, reproduces many scenes of Confucius discussing issues with his disciples and people of his time, and also compiles information about Confucius' family history, life, deeds, and Confucius' disciples. Compared with "The Analects of Confucius", this book is rich in content, concrete and vivid, and complete from beginning to end. It’s just that the book has been neglected for a long time and was discarded as a “fake book”! What is gratifying is that the discovery and research of underground documents have finally brought this precious classic to light. The authenticity and documentary value of "Confucius' Family Words" are increasingly valued by academic circles. Song Confucianism attached great importance to the study of mind and nature, and attached great importance to "The Analects", "Mencius", "The Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean". However, compared with these "four books", "Confucius' Jiayu" is inferior both in scale and content. Much higher. Determined by the characteristics of the book "Family Language", the book is more valuable for the comprehensive study and accurate grasp of early Confucianism. In this sense, the book can fully be regarded as the "first book of Confucianism".
"A Comprehensive Interpretation of Confucius' Family Language" was published by Qilu Publishing House in April 2009. This book is composed of "Preface", "Preface", "Original Text", "Annotations", "General Explanations" and other parts. It segments, annotates and translates "Confucius' Family Language" while adhering to the principle of academic first. And interpretation, the information is comprehensive, the preface and annotations are scientific and rigorous, and attention is paid to the clear and easy-to-understand writing, which has high popularization value and academic value. In addition, this book is based on the academic frontier and displays research results. Based on in-depth study of the whole book and each chapter of "Family Language", each part strives to be perfect.
Take the first volume of this book, "Xianglu No. 1", as an example: the "Preface" part is serious, detailed, accurate and organized.
First, the meaning of the title is explained, and the full text is explained starting from the word "phase", and then the background, time, characters and other elements of this article are introduced. The author even puts forward some of his unique insights into Confucius' behavior and also provides readers with a bibliography. All kinds of ingenious ideas not only help us have a preliminary understanding of subsequent translations, but also better help us read the article thoroughly and understand the deep meaning. The "Annotation" department collects and integrates various scholars and fully absorbs the existing annotation results. It not only follows the good ones without being unconventional, but also elaborates and cultivates them. The detailed translation of ancient Chinese words and the introduction of some annotations by Wang Su, the author of "General Interpretation of Confucius' Family Language", fully achieve the goal of being objective and striving for accuracy, and also provide a good model for us to learn classical Chinese. "General explanation" can be said to be the part that best reflects the writer's skill. The writer cannot translate the entire text from the literal meaning, otherwise it will appear stiff, empty and lacking in emotion. It is about taking the overall situation into consideration, connecting it with what Confucius was thinking at the time, and interpreting it in light of the background of the times. Of course, it is also necessary to gather the author's years of research on Confucianism to grasp the profound meaning contained in the text. The author of this book took this into consideration, and the general explanation part can be said to be every word. Thoughts after reading Confucius' Family Language 3
"Confucius' Family Language" and "The Analects of Confucius" are of the same nature. They are both recorded by his disciples when Confucius was teaching, recording Confucius's words and Confucius's interactions with his disciples at that time. A record of a conversation between the characters involved. But "The Analects of Confucius" is a selection. If "The Analects of Confucius" is equivalent to Confucius' quotations, then "Confucius' Family Sayings" is equivalent to the complete collection. In terms of scale, including punctuation, "The Analects" only has more than 20,000 words, while "Confucius' Family Language" has nearly four times more, so the material is relatively complete.
Because "The Analects of Confucius" is all quotations, and "Confucius Family Language" provides a full language background and environment, which is more systematic. For example, regarding the compilation of "The Analects of Confucius", I used to think that the chapters were piled up randomly. However, if you read "Confucius' Family Words", you can find the internal connections among them. It is arranged according to the internal understanding and systematic view of Confucius' thoughts. The twenty chapters of The Analects of Confucius are all subordinate to the central idea of the entire Analects of Confucius, and each chapter of the Analects of Confucius within one chapter is an elaboration and development of the central idea of the chapter. "The Analects of Confucius" is a great treatise with rigorous structure, strict logic and complete system.
"A Comprehensive Interpretation of Confucius' Family Language" is a book that provides a comprehensive explanation of "Confucius' Family Language". "Confucius' Family Sayings" was once mistakenly believed to be forged by Wang Su during the Three Kingdoms period, and a large amount of precious materials in it were abandoned for a long time. Due to the development of scholarship, people gradually realized the important value of "Confucius' Family Sayings". In order to promote the study of Confucius, early Confucianism and Chinese "Yuan Dian" culture, "General Interpretation of Confucius' Family Language" was born.
This book is named "Comprehensive Interpretation", which first of all means to give a comprehensive explanation of the whole book; the "Preface" of this book is to sort out the writing, spread and authenticity of "Family Language"; each article Before the main text, a "preface" is used to explain the whole text to help readers understand the full text, and then it is divided into three parts: "original text", "notes" and "general interpretation" according to paragraphs; this book is based on the academic frontier, displays research results, and in-depth study of " Based on the entire book and each chapter of "Family Language", the preface of this book is serious, detailed, accurate and organized, and the annotations and general explanations include and synthesize various schools of thought, fully absorbing the existing annotation results. Thoughts after reading "Confucius' Family Sayings" 4
"Confucius' Family Sayings" is an ancient book that records the thoughts, words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.
Confucius, whose surname was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was born in Zouyi of the state of Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong). He was born in 551 BC (some say 550 BC) and died in 479 BC. Although he was born into a noble family, his father died when he was three years old and he lived in poverty at an early age. When he grew up, he worked in low-level positions such as warehouse keeper and livestock manager to support himself and his widowed mother. In the difficult situation, Confucius continued to strive for self-improvement, studied diligently, and learned everywhere, and gradually became famous for his erudition and versatility. When he was about thirty years old, he opened a private school, and many eager people came to seek advice. From then on, Confucius formed an indissoluble bond with teaching and educating people. When he was about forty years old, he was appointed as the chief administrator of the central capital of Lu State. Soon he was promoted to Sikong, and later became the Sikou and the Great Sikou. At the age of fifty-four, he served as prime minister for three months. Confucius always had the ambition to govern and secure the country. After taking office, he wanted to make a difference, and indeed he did several things that were quite influential at the time. But at that time, the politics of the State of Lu was deteriorating day by day, and Confucius was not reused, and he became more and more disappointed. So he resigned from his post and led a group of disciples to travel around the country, hoping to meet a wise monarch who could realize his ambition.
They went through many hardships and visited seven vassal states including Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, and Chu in fourteen years, but they were not appointed in any of them. By the age of sixty-eight, Confucius realized that his official career was hopeless, so he turned to cultural education. He returned to his parents' country of Banglu. While he was carefully sorting out ancient classics, he also recruited disciples to impart academic knowledge and his own ideas. Confucius taught tirelessly, and under his careful training, his disciples grew rapidly. It is said that his disciples numbered as many as three thousand at that time, and the more famous ones numbered more than seventy. These disciples and their descendants worked hard to spread Confucius' thoughts and scholarship, forming the most influential school in Chinese history, the Confucian school.
The content of "Confucius' Family Sayings" is very rich and cannot be described one by one here. I believe that readers will have a more comprehensive understanding of Confucius' personality and thoughts after reading this book carefully.
I finished reading this book in my spare time. It is all in classical Chinese and not easy to read. The second feeling is that Confucius was particularly sensitive to the perception of human behavior. He would often say that if this person behaves like this, the next time something happens it will definitely be him. The third feeling is that Confucius is a person who does not believe in ghosts and gods, but he believes in Bagua, which means he believes in Feng Shui. I think this is a very interesting thing, but can these two things be separated in China, in the past and now?
The above are three feelings, and there are also some interesting quotations. I did not extract them.