Hot weather, 1 1 The "secret" of optimizing blood sugar management-clinical addendum
Introduction: Although there is still a month before the long summer, the temperature in most cities in China has obviously increased.
Hot weather will bring some adverse effects on diet, exercise and lifestyle of diabetic patients to a certain extent, leading to blood sugar fluctuation and even out of control. Therefore, diabetic patients should pay special attention to the details of life rules, reasonable diet, regular medication, regular monitoring, emotional stability, food hygiene, etc., to ensure a safe summer.
Eat regularly and quantitatively.
The weather is hot and people generally lack appetite. Nevertheless, we should try our best to eat regularly, and we should not reduce the number of meals or the amount of food we eat at will, especially for patients who are injected with insulin, otherwise it will easily lead to hypoglycemia.
Patients should eat more fresh vegetables, such as bitter gourd, onion, eggplant, cucumber, beans and tomatoes. Bitter gourd, in particular, contains an insulin-like substance (bitter gourd saponin) which can help lower blood sugar. In addition, considering that the body absorbs porridge quickly, the blood sugar after meals increases obviously. So it is recommended to drink more water and less porridge.
Don't forget to replenish water if you sweat too much.
In hot weather, you will sweat a lot and your body will lose a lot of water. If you don't pay attention to replenish water, it will lead to the increase of blood concentration and blood sugar, and in severe cases, it will lead to hyperglycemia and hyperosmotic coma. Some diabetics are afraid to drink water even if they are thirsty, because they are worried that drinking more water will cause polyuria, which is very wrong and dangerous.
The daily water consumption of diabetic patients should not be less than 1500ml. Even if the elderly patients lack water in their bodies, they often don't feel thirsty because they feel insensitive, so they should pay more attention to actively replenishing water. It is recommended to drink more boiled water or light tea, but it is not advisable to drink carbonated drinks containing sugar such as cola and sprite.
Although melons and fruits are fragrant, don't be greedy.
All kinds of seasonal fruits are on the market one after another, and some patients can't control their mouths and eat them uncontrollably, which leads to blood sugar out of control. Of course, it is not absolutely forbidden for diabetics to touch fruits.
Under the premise of good blood sugar control, diabetics can choose to eat fruits with low sugar and high moisture (such as strawberries, cherries, oranges, watermelons, kiwis, etc.). ), avoid eating fruits with high sugar content (such as bananas, lychees, mangoes, etc. ), and pay attention to eat less at a time, it is best to eat between meals (for example 10 165438)
For example, if you eat 500g watermelon (including melon skin) before going to bed at night, you will lose half of the staple food for dinner. Diabetic patients with severe hyperglycemia and unstable condition should quit fruits, and vegetables such as tomatoes and cucumbers can be used instead of fruits.
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Exercise still needs persistence.
The weather is hot, but you can't be inactive because of the heat, which is not conducive to the control of blood sugar and weight. The temperature is cooler in the morning and evening in summer, so you can choose to walk, swim, do exercises and play Tai Ji Chuan here. Try to avoid outdoor exercise in hot and sultry weather, pay attention to the intensity of exercise should not be too high, and replenish water in time during exercise to prevent heatstroke, dehydration or hypoglycemia.
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Regular medication should not be arbitrary.
Many diabetics have this experience: blood sugar in summer is often slightly lower than in other seasons. There are three reasons:
First of all, the summer climate is sultry, people often have poor appetite, eat less and light, and consume relatively few calories;
Secondly, in summer, the days are long and the nights are short, and there are more activities and sweating, and the metabolism is vigorous, and the energy consumption is higher than other seasons;
Third, in summer, the secretion of adrenocortical hormone (glucocorticoid) that resists cold in human body is reduced, and insulin resistance is obviously reduced. Although it is relatively easy to control blood sugar in summer, diabetes can not be ignored. The dosage can be adjusted as appropriate under the guidance of a doctor, and the drug should not be stopped rashly (especially for patients who use insulin), so as not to cause blood sugar fluctuations and aggravate the condition.
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Emotional stability, away from insomnia.
In hot summer, unbearable high temperature often makes people fidget and sleep badly, while mood swings and insomnia can lead to blood sugar fluctuations or even out of control. Clinically, high fasting blood glucose in many diabetic patients has a great relationship with insomnia. Insomnia is solved, and blood sugar comes down. Therefore, diabetic friends must pay attention to control their emotions, ensure the quality of sleep, calm their anger, calm their hearts, calm their spirits, and achieve a state of calm and natural cooling.
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Pay attention to hygiene and prevent infection.
In hot weather, food tends to turn sour, while diabetics themselves have poor resistance. If they eat cold and unclean food, it is easy to cause acute gastroenteritis. Vomiting or diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte disorder, and induce "hypertonic coma".
Diabetic patients should take a bath and change clothes frequently in summer (especially after exercise) to keep their skin clean and fresh and avoid bacterial and fungal infections (such as beriberi). When sleeping, avoid lying in the wind for a long time and blowing the electric fan, and don't turn the air conditioner too low to prevent upper respiratory tract infection caused by catching cold. Pay special attention to food hygiene and personal hygiene in summer to prevent infection. After being bitten by mosquitoes in summer, you can use toilet water and cool oil to stop itching. Don't scratch the itchy place hard to avoid skin infection after being scratched.
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Always remember foot protection
Wearing sandals or even barefoot in summer is normal for ordinary people, but it is not suitable for diabetics.
Because many diabetic patients are complicated with peripheral neuropathy, their limbs are obviously dull or even unconscious, and their feet are easily injured, and they don't know it after being injured. Don't you know that a small wound can cause "diabetic foot" and even lead to amputation in severe cases? Therefore, diabetic patients in summer should not wear sandals or flip-flops that expose their toes and heels, nor should they walk barefoot on outdoor lawns or beaches to avoid being scratched by sand, glass and shells.
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Beware of "hypoglycemia"
Because of the hot weather, people often lose their appetite and eat less. At the same time, they sweat more, metabolize faster and consume more. In this case, patients are prone to hypoglycemia. Therefore, patients should adjust the dosage of hypoglycemic drugs under the guidance of doctors according to seasonal changes. In addition, take sugary food with you when you go out, such as candy, chocolate, biscuits, etc., in case of emergency.
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Blood sugar monitoring should not be relaxed.
Due to the influence of temperature, diet, sleep, infection and other factors, patients' blood sugar in summer is often unstable and fluctuates greatly. Especially in elderly diabetic patients, severe sweating, dehydration and hyperglycemia often occur. However, due to insensitivity, the patient has no symptoms of thirst. In this case, acute complications such as hyperglycemia and hyperosmotic coma are prone to occur. Therefore, judging the condition can not rely entirely on symptoms and ignore blood sugar monitoring. Patients should record the results of each monitoring in detail as the basis for evaluating the condition and guiding medication.
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Cold storage of drug test paper
The climate is hot and humid, so insulin is usually best kept in the refrigerator. When going out, it is advisable to put insulin in an insulated box (bag) and carry it with you. Never put insulin in the trunk of a car or in direct sunlight. The blood glucose test paper must be sealed and dried to prevent the test paper from getting wet.