Does Yangzhou count as Jiangnan?

question 1: is Yangzhou the south of the Yangtze river? Yangzhou is the south of the Yangtze River, which literally means the south of the river. "Jiang" has a special meaning in Chinese, that is, the Yangtze River. Jiangnan originally meant the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, southern Sichuan often represented a prosperous and developed culture and education and a beautiful and rich water town scene, and the region was roughly the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In the pre-Qin period, there was already a saying of Jiangnan. Until the Sui Dynasty, the Central Plains was still the geographical coordinate center, and Jiangnan often referred to Hunan and Jiangxi. Jiangnan Road was established in the Tang Dynasty, and later it was divided into Jiangnan East Road, Jiangnan West Road and Guizhou Middle Road, which became the beginning of defining the meaning of modern Jiangnan, and later Jiangnan became the proper name of Jiangdong area. Feng Xianliang, a historian, said, "Geographically, Jiangnan is undoubtedly the most prosperous area in China since modern times. However, the definition and application of the word Jiangnan has never been unified since ancient times and today. " Historical Evolution The evolution of the administrative region named after "Jiangnan" in history is as follows: Before the Tang Dynasty, the area referred to by the word Jiangnan included the south of the Yangtze River and the vast areas along the Yangtze River, including Jingzhou (southeastern Hubei and Hunan) and Yangzhou (Jiangxi, southern Anhui, Fujian, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang). In the Tang Dynasty, Jiangnan West Road (southeastern Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and southern Anhui) and Jiangnan East Road (Fujian, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang) were established. In the Song Dynasty, Jiangnan West Road (most of Jiangxi, southeastern Hubei) and Jiangnan East Road (northeast Jiangxi, southern Anhui and Nanjing) were established. Jiangnan province was established in the early Qing Dynasty, which was later divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. Emperor Taizong established Jiangnan Road, covering the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, south of the Yangtze River, and Guizhou and Fujian. Tang Xuanzong subdivided Jiangnan Road into East Jiangnan Road, West Jiangnan Road and Middle Guizhou Road. Jiangnan was divided into the east of Jiangnan and the west of Jiangnan in ancient times. In Tang and Song Dynasties, Jiangnan West Road and Jiangnan West Road were established, covering Jiangxi, Hunan and southern Hubei in the west of Jiangnan, which were originally composed of Jiangnan in a broad sense. In the late Tang dynasty, Jiangdong was called Jiangnan, and the concept of "Jiangnan" in the cultural sense came into being. Later, with the concept of Jiangnan in a narrow sense, the western road of Jiangnan evolved into Jiangxi Province today; The Jiangdong area is centered on Nanjing, mainly including parts of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui. In the Qing Dynasty, the Governor's Office of Two Rivers was established, which governed Jiangsu Province (including Shanghai), Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province, and the two rivers included Jiangdong and Jiangxi. Jiangnan in a narrow sense and Jiangnan in a broad sense refers to the whole area south of the Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches, that is, Jiangnan Road except southern Hunan, southwestern Jiangxi, Guizhou and Fujian. Including the narrow sense of Jiangnan, north of Jiangxi, south of the Yangtze River in Hubei and northern Hunan. But some areas in Fujian are sometimes called Jiangnan. Jiangnan in a broad sense was widely used in ancient times, such as Du Fu's on meeting li guinian down the river, which was written in Changsha. Jiangnan in a broad sense is also used in modern times, for example, Jiangnan in the weather forecast refers to Jiangnan in a broad sense; The three famous buildings in Jiangnan (Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower in Yueyang City and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang City) refer to Jiangnan in a broad sense. Jiangnan, which is now specifically referred to as Jiangnan in a narrow sense, refers to an area beautified by literati. That is, excluding Fujian Province and southern Zhejiang Province, the east road of Jiangnan is centered on Nanjing to Suzhou, including parts of Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province and Zhejiang Province south of the Yangtze River, that is, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui and northern Jiangxi. Some areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Yangzhou, are geographically located in the north of the Yangtze River, but their economy and culture are similar to those of the south of the Yangtze River, and they are also regarded as the composition of the south of the Yangtze River in the cultural sense. But not the Yangtze River basin, it is considered as the south of Taihu Lake and even some areas south of Qiantang River, such as Shaoxing and Ningbo. In the autumn of the 25th year (182) of Jiaqing, the Great Epidemic in the South of the Yangtze River, Qing Xuanzong F Ning (later called Guangguang) just inherited the Great Unity. At that time, the most prosperous and prosperous Jiangnan area was in good weather, rich and peaceful, but a great plague that had never been seen before in the history of the dynasty quietly appeared. In the following years, this epidemic, which is said to have been introduced from Fujian and Guangxi by sea, spread rapidly in this area and continued to spread westward and northward, resulting in a catastrophe that almost spread to more than half of China. The prelude to the periodic epidemic of true cholera in China for more than a century has also been opened.

question 2: why does Yangzhou belong to the south of the Yangtze river? Granddaughter read Du Mu's "a message to han chuo the yangzhou magistrate". "The green hills are faint with water, and the grass in the south of the Yangtze River has not withered in autumn. On the moonlit night of the Twenty-four Bridges, where can the jade people teach flute playing?" After that, ask me: Yangzhou is clearly in Jiangbei, why does the poem say "the grass in Jiangnan has not withered"? The question of whether Yangzhou belongs to the south of the Yangtze River seems to have been discussed a few years ago. I was vaguely impressed, so I casually replied: In ancient times, Yangzhou seemed to belong to the jurisdiction of the south of the Yangtze River, and it was probably a general term in the poem. She was not convinced by this explanation and asked: Did Yangzhou belong to Jiangnan Prefecture in Tang Dynasty? I was caught off guard, so I had to save myself: I'll tell you after I check. "I don't want to know much about reading", which is a big problem for me. Tao Yuanming is the language of since the enlightenment's modesty and self-beauty, but he was borrowed by the incompetent people as a shield. "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous." It is a great sense of powerlessness to really research a problem. In the past, when preparing lessons or writing, I opened the dictionary, and many problems were often solved, but now I don't have them at hand, so I went online to find explanations. Enter the word "Jiangnan" and the web page can be described as a big end. Geographically, some items of "Jiangnan Water Town" did not mention Yangzhou; Among the ancient poems "Jiangnan", such as Jiangnan written by Han Yuefu, on meeting li guinian down the river written by Du Fu, Memorizing Jiangnan written by Bai Juyi, Jiangnan Spring written by Du Mei, and Looking at Jiangnan written by Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Zhou Bangyan, Yangzhou seems to have nothing. If this investigation continues, it is obviously difficult to get results. As the saying goes, "God never shuts one door but he opens another", just as my research was at a loss, when I planned to go to the library, my family cleaned up the newspapers and found a chinese national geography and Jiangnan Album. This magazine, the third issue of 27, was sandwiched in a pile of newspapers and didn't see it. Now suddenly appeared, people have the feeling of "it didn't take any effort to get it". It's really a treasure. Read it at once. In order to overcome the problem of "not asking for a solution", this time I calmed down, scanned the magazine first, and picked out several chapters to read carefully. The harvest of "learning with problems" was really not small. Now that I'm open, I don't want to pick chapters and sentences, but just pick the main points for my granddaughter's reference. "Jiangnan" is a regional concept at first. At least before the Tang Dynasty, "Jiang" was not a proper name for the Yangtze River. The Huaihe River once called the River. Broadly speaking, the south of every river can be called Jiangnan. For example, in the war of liberation, the famous battle of "Three Downhills and Four Guarantees of Linjiang" refers to the south of Songhua River. In a narrow sense, during the Qin and Han dynasties, Jiangnan refers to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, mainly Hubei and Hunan. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jiangnan extended eastward to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Why Yangzhou, which is located in the north of the Yangtze River, is considered as Jiangnan? It is not surprising that there was a Yangzhou mansion (which is located in present-day Nanjing) in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and many places in the north of the Yangtze River were under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou. However, in the early Tang Dynasty, Jiangnan Road Administrative Region was set up, which no longer included Jiangbei. "Jiangnan" is another object of literary description. In the literary works of past dynasties, the area referred to by Jiangnan often covers Yangzhou. Another poem of Du Mei's "Farewell" is "Down and out in the south of the Yangtze River carrying wine shops, and the waist is broken and the palm is light." I felt the dream of Yangzhou for ten years and won the name of brothel. " It also connects Yangzhou and Jiangnan. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou was the largest metropolis in China. Her prosperity, her dance pavilions, her poems and songs, and her piano and chess paintings were comparable to those of Suzhou and Hangzhou at that time, and even more Jiangnan than Jiangnan. Therefore, Du Mei can understand that Yangzhou was sung as Jiangnan. The main factors that determine the style of a region are natural, administrative and cultural. As far as cultural factors are concerned, Yangzhou belongs to the south of the Yangtze River. Yangzhou is a typical example created by the interaction and interlacing of the above three factors, and it is the transcendence of cultural forces over natural areas. Today's Jiangnan refers to the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone headed by Shanghai, which is the fastest-growing, richest and most potential area in China, and Yangzhou naturally ranks among them.

question 3: which places are counted as Jiangnan? Are Jiangsu and Zhejiang modern Jiangnan?

The definition of modern Jiangnan can be divided into two types, namely, Jiangnan in a broad sense and Jiangnan in a narrow sense.

Jiangnan in a broad sense refers to the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, that is, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, southern Anhui, southern Jiangxi, Hunan and southern Hubei. Some areas in Fujian are sometimes called Jiangnan. The broad definition of Jiangnan begins with the ancient division (Jiangnan Road) and is often described in literary works. For example, Du Fu's on meeting li guinian down the river was written in Changsha. The Jiangnan referred to in the weather forecast is also roughly the generalized Jiangnan zone. The three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River (Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower in Yueyang City and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang City) are all located in the south of the Yangtze River.

Jiangnan in a narrow sense generally refers to southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, but the specific scope is not very clear. This concept probably began in the late Tang Dynasty and took shape in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The most clear core area of Jiangnan includes only a few cities around Taihu Lake, such as Suzhou, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou. Nanjing is also in the core area of the south of the Yangtze River, but because the language of Nanjing has gradually become Jianghuai Mandarin (Jiangbei dialect) in the changes of the times, the recognition of Nanjing in the Wu dialect area is not high. Shanghai's administrative history is relatively short, but because of its important economic status, it has basically been included in the scope of "Little Jiangnan" in modern concepts.

Some areas south of Taihu Lake and even south of Qiantang River, such as Shaoxing, Ningbo and other cities, which are not the Yangtze River basin but are mostly considered as Jiangnan area. Some areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Yangzhou, are located in the north of the Yangtze River, but their economy and culture are similar to those of the south of the Yangtze River, and sometimes they are regarded as a part of the south of the Yangtze River in the cultural sense. Similarly, because of Jiangbei dialect, the narrow sense of Jiangnan does not always include Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.

In addition,

In terms of languages, the indigenous languages are wuyue, Jiangxi, Hakka and Huizhou, and the foreign languages are Jianghuai Mandarin.

Economically, the left side of the Yangtze River is developed and the right side of the Yangtze River is backward.

Culturally, the three major cultural provinces of China-Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Zhejiang

The main railways are Zhejiang-Jiangxi Line and Beijing. Generally, it includes:

Shanghai: the center of modern Jiangnan

Nanjing: the traditional capital of Jiangnan in history

Suzhou: the representative of Jiangnan

Wuxi: the same name as Suzhou

Changzhou: the geographical center of ancient Jiangnan

Zhenjiang: Jinshan Temple, the powerful town of Suzhou and Hangzhou

Hangzhou: another center of Jiangnan. Second only to Nanjing

Jiaxing: an ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River

Huzhou: Suzhou and Huzhou are familiar, and the world is full

Ningbo: a rising star in the south of the Yangtze River

Shaoxing: the center of Yue culture

In addition, Yangzhou: although it is in the north of the Yangtze River, modern times are not considered as Jiangnan, but it is synonymous with ancient Jiangnan.

question 4: did Yangzhou belong to the south of the Yangtze river in history? Yangzhou is the south of the Yangtze River, which literally means the south of the river. "Jiang" has a special meaning in Chinese, that is, the Yangtze River. Jiangnan originally meant the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, Jiangnan often represented a prosperous and developed culture and education and a beautiful and rich water town scene, and the region was roughly the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In the pre-Qin period, there was already a saying of Jiangnan. Until the Sui Dynasty, the Central Plains was still the geographical coordinate center, and Jiangnan often referred to Hunan and Jiangxi. Jiangnan Road was established in the Tang Dynasty, and later it was divided into Jiangnan East Road, Jiangnan West Road and Guizhou Middle Road, which became the beginning of defining the meaning of modern Jiangnan, and later Jiangnan became the proper name of Jiangdong area. Feng Xianliang, a historian, said, "Geographically, Jiangnan is undoubtedly the most prosperous area in China since modern times. However, the definition and application of the word Jiangnan has never been unified since ancient times and today. "

question 5: geographically speaking, should Yangzhou be Jiangnan or jiangbei? Yangzhou should belong to the north of the Yangtze River

Question 6: Did Yangzhou in ancient times belong to Jiangnan? Literally, it means the south of the river. But as a typical concept of historical geography, Jiangnan originally meant the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, Jiangnan often represented prosperous culture and education and beautiful and rich water towns, and the region was roughly divided into the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Jiangnan represents China people's infinite yearning and hope for a better life. However, scholars at home and abroad have never unified the definition and application of the word Jiangnan. In addition, there are Jiangnan culture, four famous buildings, 12 scenic spots and celebrities named Jiangnan, music albums and songs. It doesn't refer to any city! Therefore, Yangzhou in ancient times belonged to Jiangnan!

question 7: does Yangzhou belong to Jiangnan? No, it belongs to Jiangbei geographically and is close to Jiangnan culturally.

Question 8: Why is Yangzhou in the north of the Yangtze River Jiangnan? Solve. Jiangnan has always been a symbol of wealth, civilization and wealth in everyone's impression. In ancient times, Yangzhou had geographical and economic advantages, so for a long time, everyone subconsciously thought that Yangzhou was also south of the Yangtze River, so the subject would think that Yangzhou was south of the Yangtze River.

but literally, Jiangnan means the south of the Yangtze river. Therefore, in this respect, Yangzhou cannot be counted as a city in the south of the Yangtze River.

Jiangnan has a vast territory and some cultural differences. Among them, Xiaojiangnan refers to Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Suzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi, Nantong and Taizhou in Jiangsu Province.

question 9: is Yangzhou in Jiangnan or jiangbei? Chinese national geography released the album "Jiangnan" in the third issue of 27. In this album, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou are not only included in the scope of "Jiangnan", but also the bathing culture of Yangzhou and Zhenjiang is especially mentioned, saying that they are one of the most beautiful scenery that embodies the spirit of Jiangnan. Chinese national geography puts forward and answers a question in the preface: Why is Yangzhou in the north of the Yangtze River considered as the south of the Yangtze River? The article introduces: "It is more important to regard Yangzhou as the south of the Yangtze River because it is similar to the south of the Yangtze River. It can even be said that Yangzhou was once more south of the Yangtze River than the south of the Yangtze River. Yangzhou, on the banks of the Grand Canal, the Yangtze River and the East China Sea, is similar to Suzhou and Hangzhou in the south of the Yangtze River in its prosperity, wealth, dancing pavilions, songs, poems, calligraphy and painting. Therefore, Du Mu can understand that Yangzhou is the south of the Yangtze River. " The album also puts forward that Yangzhou should belong to the south of the Yangtze River in terms of cultural division. Natural division, administrative division and cultural division are very overlapping, and Yangzhou is a typical example of their dislocation. Yangzhou is called Jiangnan in Jiangbei, which is the transcendence of culture over natural divisions and the manifestation of cultural power.

Question 1: Why do people say that Yangzhou is the south of the Yangtze River and Zhenjiang is the north of the Yangtze River? Yangzhou is focusing on the development of tourism, so I don't know much about Zhenjiang.

I have been in Zhenjiang for almost two years. I feel that Zhenjiang is not very clean. Yangzhou is much cleaner than Zhenjiang, and the environment is better than it. The only regret is that Yangzhou is all made of earth, and there are no mountains, but some are hilly.

There are not as many hotels in Zhenjiang as in Yangzhou, so I can't see any restaurants when I go to the streets. Everything you see is a small street stall.

Besides, the square with Zhenjiang as the center is a bit boring, which seems a little low-key compared with Yangzhou.

As for the scenic spots, they should have their own characteristics. Zhenjiang has more than one temple as the theme, while Yangzhou has the theme of playing and enjoying, and different people like it differently.

Personally, I don't like to play those famous scenic spots.