What are the observation items of the Meteorological Observatory?

The study of methods and means to measure and observe physical and chemical processes in the earth's atmosphere. The contents of measurement and observation mainly include atmospheric gas composition and concentration, aerosol particles, atmospheric temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind, evaporation, precipitation, radiant energy, clouds, weather phenomena, atmospheric visibility, atmospheric electrical and optical phenomena, etc. Meteorological observation includes ground meteorological observation, high-altitude meteorological observation, atmospheric remote sensing and meteorological satellite detection. Meteorological observation is often to establish a meteorological observation network for various observation projects in the world or a certain area. The observed values can be divided into two categories: ① conventional observation network. A global organization that conducts long-term stable observations and accumulates climate data services for daily weather forecasting. It includes global meteorological observation stations, ship stations, meteorological radar stations and meteorological satellite receiving stations. ② Special observation network. Observation systems set up for specific research contents, such as the rainstorm experimental observation network in Japan and the severe storm experiment in the United States. It often uses special instruments and equipment and formulates special observation specifications. A relatively complete modern meteorological observation system consists of observation platform, observation instrument and data acquisition and processing system. ① Observation platform. The base point for installing or erecting instruments according to specific technical requirements. Such as meteorological observation fields, meteorological towers, meteorological ships, sea buoys, etc. Belonging to the ground meteorological observation platform; Balloons, airplanes, rockets and meteorological satellites all belong to high-altitude meteorological observation platforms. ② Observation instrument. A device for converting atmospheric physics and atmospheric chemistry elements into readable output signals mainly comprises a sensing element, a conversion transmission part and an output instrument. Such as barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, weather radar, etc. ③ Data acquisition and processing system. The output signal of the instrument is collected and stored according to a certain format, displayed and stored after manual or computer processing, and forwarded to the working system of meteorological observation network center in time.