Zhu's short stories

Zhu (1130.9.15—1200.4.23), with a dark personality, was called Huian, later called Huiweng and called Zhu Wengong. Famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, representative of Fujian School, master of Confucianism, Buddha named Zhu Xi. The following is my short story about Zhu. Welcome to reading.

Disciples under Zhu Men know the root and the bottom.

"Wu Ge" and "Zhi Zhi" are the first two of the eight items mentioned in the Book of Rites, a cultural classic of China. University ". As the saying goes, "those who want to be sincere know one first;" Knowledge exists in things. Know after the event, and then be honest. "Later generations have many explanations for the meaning of these four words, but the most detailed and in-depth explanation was expounded by Zhu in his discussion with his disciples.

Zhu was a connecting link in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a scholar in Shaoxing, Song Gaozong for eighteen years, and then he deliberately imitated Confucius and taught his disciples as an official. After Song Xiaozong ascended the throne, he wanted to do something. In order to change the situation that half of the country was poor and weak, he rehabilitated Yue Fei's unjust imprisonment, made Yue Fei king, and issued letters to scholars all over the world, shouting loudly, pointing out the disadvantages of state affairs and planning to restore the great cause of the Central Plains. To this end, Zhu wrote a letter insisting on boycotting Jin Jianguo. It is believed that in order to complete the great cause of recovery, the emperor must be required to complete self-cultivation first.

In response to this matter, Zhu's disciples were puzzled and began to ask: "What are the characteristics of emperor cultivation mentioned in the book?"

Zhu Dao said, "Of course, the cultivation of emperors is different from that of ordinary people, but one thing is the same, and you should do it, and that is to do kung fu first to learn from the scriptures. From the vastness of the universe to the smallness of insects, we must clearly see the existence of righteousness in order to face the world and plan our own career. "

Disciple said, "Isn't it the truth handed down by Mr. Cheng and Mr. Kameyama? However, I don't know what it is, what it is, and which is the first. "

Zhu said: "Mr. (Cheng Hao) said that' a' means arrival; "To" means "to". Knowing things means thinking about specific things first, and then acquiring knowledge. Therefore, things come first, knowing is the last. But if we explore the avenue and put it into things, we can exhaust the mystery of the avenue. "

Disciple asked, "I understand what Mr. Wang said, but there are many things that can be limited." Do you have to know so much? "

Zhu said, "Actually, it's not. Cheng Yi believes that "everything is ready" because life has good knowledge and ability, which can be equal to everything. Heaven and earth have a heart, and so do people. The heart of heaven and earth and the human heart are actually the same thing. Now, a thing in the sky has reached the heart of heaven and earth and practiced its own good knowledge and ability; Tomorrow, I will put something on the grid, which will go straight to the heart of heaven and earth and implement my good knowledge and ability. After a long time, there are more things in the grid, and most or even all of your good knowledge and ability can be developed. At that time, you will gain knowledge. "

Disciple said: "After listening to the teacher's teaching, I understand that knowing things is a great effort, and only one or two things can't be learned."

Zhu said to him, "Yes, but things have to be done one by one. Mr. Yang Guishan said:' Learning begins with the desire for knowledge and ends with the result of learning. The way to know is to learn things. There are many things in the world, and one's energy is limited, so it is impossible to cover everything. Therefore, when he looks at things, he must not let his mind move 108 thousand miles away with logistics; If you want to introspect at any time, you can understand your conscience more and more and make all the preparations for me. "

Disciple asked, "You know what you know, I get it. But there are millions of people in the world and everyone has a conscience. If everyone knows things and has a conscience, isn't it too conscience? Will it cause controversy and confusion? "

Zhu said: "thousands of people have thousands of hearts, and what is different from thousands of hearts is their desires;" As for the conscience wrapped by these desires, everyone is the same, just a' benevolence'. Because there is only one universe, and there is only one avenue, this avenue is a' benevolence' in people's minds. Therefore, by gradually removing the desire hidden in the heart,' benevolence' means that conscience will naturally emerge. "

Disciples still don't understand what Zhu said. Seeing a new inkstone on the desk, please take the inkstone as an example to demonstrate.

Zhu smiled and said, "OK, let's check this inkstone." He picked up the inkstone and turned it over for his disciples to see: there was a big snail shell print at the bottom of the inkstone, as flat as a mirror.

The disciple asked strangely, "Such a big snail must live in the sea. How did it get into the stone? "

Zhu said, "Here it is. The inkstone was picked from the mountain, which shows that this mountain was the seabed thousands of years ago. When this snail was alive, it got into the mud at the bottom of the sea. The seabed swells into mountains, and the soil turns into stones. Isn't this a snail in a stone? At this point, our efforts to figure things out are completed, and then we will know that since mountains and seas, seemingly eternal giants, can change each other; So what can't be changed in the world? So the book of songs says' destiny is impermanent'. This impermanent fate touches people's hearts and makes people worry all the time, be conscientious, be careful and take everything around them seriously. This has realized the word' respect' and entered the realm of conscience' benevolence'. "

The disciples finally understood the meaning of what Zhu called "learning from things". Not only was he deeply touched, but Mr. Xie also said, "If everyone can work as hard as Mr. Wang, will the world still worry about peace?"

Zhu and his disciples discussed the meaning of "learning from the simple to the deep", and took Yantai as an example to explain to his disciples how to do it, which can be described as a good teacher and a good friend. However, if we want to really understand things and learn the truth, we must, as Zhu said, "get one thing at a time", which requires students to cherish time, study hard and understand the truth.

When Zhu was old, he went to a school. It was autumn. When he saw the yellow leaves of the phoenix tree falling with the wind, he couldn't help feeling deeply. Thinking that his hair had turned white, he said to himself, "How time flies! How time flies! "

At this moment, he suddenly saw a group of teenagers playing outside the room. He deeply feels that young people don't know how to cherish time. Only people who have experienced it know that time is precious, especially white hair. People have a feeling of cherishing time like gold, so poetry arises spontaneously. He bowed his head and thought for a moment and said: A teenager is eager to learn, and an inch of time cannot be light.

I didn't feel the spring grass in the pond green, and the leaves in front of the steps were already autumn.

Recite the poem and write it on the school desk. I hope those teenagers who don't know how to cherish time can cherish it after seeing it. After seeing this poem, these young people are really encouraged. Seeing that this was written by the famous Zhu, they scrambled to copy it and studied harder.

"Wu Ge" and "Zhi Zhi" are the first two of the eight items mentioned in the Book of Rites, a cultural classic of China. University ". As the saying goes, "those who want to be sincere know one first;" Knowledge exists in things. Know after the event, and then be honest. "Later generations have many explanations for the meaning of these four words, but the most detailed and in-depth explanation was expounded by Zhu in his discussion with his disciples.