Brief introduction of Ye Xie's life
all one's life
Ye Xie's family background
1627 On September 29th of the lunar calendar, in the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, Ye Xie was born in Nanjing Department of Chinese Studies, and his ancestral home is now Yejiadai Village, Beijie Town, Wujiang City. The history of the Ye family can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. Ye Mengde (1077 ~ 165438, Shilin), the sixth ancestor of Ye, was a famous scholar and poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a bachelor of Hanlin, an official, and strongly advocated resisting gold. After retirement, he lived in Wucheng (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). He learned a lot from being good at telling stories and wrote many works, including Shi Lin Shi Hua and other handed down works. Since then, the Ye tribe has spread and dispersed all over the country, with relatively concentrated areas in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, celebrities came forth in large numbers, and they had the reputation of "Ye family in Wuzhong, a famous family in the world". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the 16th heir of the Ye family moved from Tongli to become the ancestor. His place of residence was later called Ye Jiadai (now the hometown of Tang Meng). The Ye family who settled in Lake attached great importance to the education of their children. Since the 20th Shen Ye, there have been scholars from middle schools. During the Chenghua period, Jinshi, official to business. Later, the 22nd Ye Kecheng and 23rd Ye Chongdi (Ye Xie's grandfather) were all Jinshi. Ye Kecheng participated in and directed the anti-Japanese struggle, and Ye Kecheng participated in the planning and command of the famous Victory Pier Battle in Wujiang history.
Ye Xie's father, Ye Yuan Shao, was an important writer in the late Ming Dynasty, and his mother, Shen Yixiu, was the most outstanding poetess in the late Ming Dynasty. Ye dissatisfied with the darkness of officialdom, resigned and retired, and lived with Shen Yixiu in Ye Jiadai. The couple and their children were intoxicated by the literary atmosphere, and a duet left a thick ten-volume Dream in the Afternoon, whose literary achievement was Ye. Ye Xie was born in such an honest family, with deep family roots, which laid a good foundation for his later life. Ye Xie is the 25th generation of Ye family. According to genealogical records, Ye Xie was originally named Shi Xian and Zhou Zi. As the sixth son of Ye.
Ye Xie's young talents are high.
Ye Xie's five brothers and four sisters are full of literary thoughts and talents. In the poor life, they linger on poetry and songs to express their love for life. Third sister Ye Xiaoluan, in particular, often teaches Ye Xie to read poetry and ancient prose hand in hand to cultivate his interest and love for literature. A few days before his death, Xiao Luan was still teaching Ye Xie to read The Songs of the South. In the first few years after his father Ye retired, the happiness of family life reached its peak. At the age of four, the clever Ye Xie was taught to read The Songs of the South by Ye himself, and he could recite it as soon as he read it, which became a beautiful talk for a while. When I was five years old, my brothers and I moved to Xiezhai (where Ye studied), and Ye taught me personally. Ye often pointed to the plaque of the "Innocent Hall" at home and said to the young Ye Xie and them, "I have eaten it for five generations since my family admonished the public, and the people who stayed have stopped this word, so I dare not forget it every time. Although I am poor, I don't care about my family. I can live and work in peace. If your generation can put forward their aspirations, I am willing to complete it! " Ye Xie's father's instructions, he kept in mind, never forget.
Unfortunately, however, they visited the poor family one after another. After brothers and sisters (second brother Wanwan, third sister Xiao Luan) died one after another, mother Shen Yixiu broke down from overwork and finally fell ill. At that time, Ye Xie was only eight years old, and her experience of "losing her mother as a teenager" made young Ye Xie more aware of the joys and sorrows of the world. After his mother's death, Ye Xie followed his father to read poetry. The changes in his family made him precocious, and his poetry creation also advanced by leaps and bounds. When the third brother died, Ye Xie, who was only fourteen years old, wrote eight poems about crying elder brother, which were included in the attached Hu Ling Collection (Hu Ling Collection is a collection of Shi Jiu's works).
Influenced by his father Ye, Ye Xie studied Buddhism since childhood and became proficient in Buddhism, especially the Shurangama Sutra and Shurangama Sutra. Ye often takes Ye Xie to Buddhist temples for edification. Among them, at the age of 10, Ye Xie visited the master of Xuejiao with his father in Jingshan, Zhejiang Province, and was deeply touched, so that when he visited Lushan Mountain in his later years, he saw the portrait of the master of Xuejiao in the temple on the mountain and wrote a poem: "The Zen Buddha has not dispersed, and the giant only pushed this one (Xuejiao). I didn't know anything when I went to Lushan. It turns out that two generations have a family style. " It can be seen that Buddhism has a profound influence on Ye Xie, including his poetry creation. By the time he was fifteen or sixteen, Ye Xie's understanding and interpretation of Buddhism could not be refuted by many old monks with profound ethics.
1645, in the first year of Hong Guang in the southern Ming Dynasty, in February, the court sent people to choose a wife among the people, and the storm spread to Zhejiang and approached Jiashan. Ye Xie's father-in-law's family, Jiashan Wangs, urgently sent someone to inform Ye Xie to get married in Jiashan as soon as possible. As Ye was not at home (in Hangzhou at that time), Ye Xie was taken to Jiashan by his eldest brother Shi Yi. Because of the late arrival, the storm has passed and there is no wedding. Just at that time, Jiaxing government opened the imperial examination (taking an examination of scholars), and Ye Xie took the exam in Jiaxing. In March, the list was published, and Ye Xie High School ranked first. His exam-oriented articles were highly praised, and Li (Xie Zhi) was evaluated as: "Profound words, clever arguments, wise understanding, loud thunder, and spring dawn all over the world. How can a Hinayana be expected?" Qian Sai 'an, a cabinet scholar, clapped his hands and applauded, saying, "Wang Yang in the south understands the meaning of Leng Yan.".
Ye Xie was in exile for three years.
1644, the change of Shen Jiazhi, Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park, and the Ming Dynasty perished. Subsequently, the Qing soldiers marched straight into the pass, and wherever the fighters went, they tried to threaten the people with force. On the occasion of "people's society is home", scholars with national integrity either set up an uprising flag to resist the Qing Dynasty or cut their hair to become monks, heading for an empty mountain and a deserted brake. 1645 On the 27th day of the eighth lunar month, Ye Xie got up early in the morning, stayed at Yuantong Temple with his father and said goodbye to his family with tears. He sailed to the vast lake in a small boat and braved the pouring rain, and began to live in exile. No one would have thought that he never came back, and his hometown has since become an unreachable dream.
Autumn wind rustling, leaves flying, autumn rain wrapped in sadness and leaving people aimlessly. The ship passed by, and the land was taken away by the fire everywhere, and the ruins were everywhere. The road was full of refugees, helping the old and taking care of the young. It was not until September 12 that I discovered that there was a place called Anlu at Huatong Wharf in Gaoting Mountain on the outskirts of Hangzhou, which was relatively safe. Ye Xie immediately set off for. After contacting properly, he took his father and others to Anlu and stopped for a while. Living in exile made Ye Xie really feel the warmth and coldness of human feelings. I have lived in Gaoting Mountain for more than two months. During this period, I can't let my family know about my exile, let alone what will happen. The abbot who lived there offered to go there for him, but the abbot who thought he could get some oil and water didn't expect Ye Jia to be penniless. Back to the mountain, he immediately gave the marching orders unceremoniously. On the other hand, the abbot found that people around him took good care of Ye Jia and his son on weekdays. Hearing the news of being driven away, they borrowed a boat to send Ye Xie and his son away. Thanks to their help, they escaped the interrogation of the Qing soldiers and rented another boat.
In April of the second lunar month (1646), Ye Xie and his son moved into Taihu Lake and took refuge in temples and temples around Taihu Lake. Along the way, most of them stayed in temples and buddhist nun in Ye Xie, which gave Ye Xie the opportunity to observe Buddhist etiquette and discuss Buddhism with monks, such as the welcoming ceremony of Ci 'an buddhist nun and the abstinence ceremony of Shengen Temple. Not only did Xie 'an in Yuzryha have an intuitive understanding of Buddhism and Buddhism, but Ye Xie also got a little spiritual adjustment and comfort in exile, temporarily forgot the pain of exile, and had a far-reaching impact on Ye Xie's academic and creative work. The relatively quiet life in Taihu Lake is fleeting. The news that the Qing soldiers frantically searched and slaughtered the anti-Qing righteous in the south of the Yangtze River reached Taihu Lake. Ye Shao and Yolanda are on the hunting list. Soon, Yang and others were arrested and killed, and Ye Xie and his son had to leave Taihu Lake. Ye Xie hired a boat to accompany his father to Zhejiang by water, and it was difficult all the way. As soon as he saw it, the Qing soldiers set up many checkpoints. Ye Xie and his father disguised themselves as farmers and abandoned the ship and made a detour. They boarded the boat at Huaying Lake, re-boarded, went to Jiashan first, and then rushed to Pinghu, Zhejiang. It was already the summer of 1647. The Feng family in Pinghu is Ye's grandmother's family. Ye Xie accompanied his elderly and sick father in Pinghu until his death.
Ye Xie lives in seclusion in Hengshan Mountain.
After taking care of his father's affairs in Pinghu, Ye Xie left Pinghu and went to Taihu Lake alone, living in seclusion in Hengshan Mountain. Hengshan Mountain, about fifteen miles southwest of Suzhou City (according to Mudu Records, as measured in ancient times), is named after its four sides. Hengshan Mountain, also known as Juhushan Mountain, is also known as Chess Mountain. According to the Records of Hengshan Mountain, Hengshan Mountain is more than forty miles wide, and the tea houses, Wu Shan, Bao Hua, Zishi and Minshan outside Suzhou are all within the scope of Hengshan Mountain. Hengshan Mountain is its general name, and it faces Shihu Lake in the south. Fan Chengda, a poet in Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Shihu, known as Fan Shi Lake. During his three years in exile, Ye Xie lived in the mountains and temples around Taihu Lake, and he knew the geographical environment of Hengshan Mountain quite well. Hengshan, lush trees, vast territory, sparsely populated and inaccessible. This is a place suitable for seclusion. Some famous people in history have lived in seclusion, such as Huan Zhu and Gu. At that time, there was a hermit named Tao in the mountains who lived in seclusion here. This person never associates with others. After Ye Xie lived in Hengshan, they never met again. Ye Xie went to see the man several times, but he avoided it. Therefore, choosing to live in Hengshan can avoid the disturbance of the world, especially Ye Xie, who had the idea of seeing the light of day again in the early Qing Dynasty, naturally regarded Hengshan as an ideal seclusion place. When the ancients chose secluded places, they often had the concept of loyalty and filial piety. Many people build houses in front of their ancestors' graves, at the same time guarding their graves and expressing filial piety to future generations. Ye Xie's choice of Hengshan Mountain is not without such considerations.
Before moving to the lake, Ye Zufen was buried in Xishan, Wuxian, and after moving to the lake, Ye Zufen was buried in Dazhuwei, Beishe. Ye Yuan Shao, who went to Buddha, thought that Feng Shui was not good, and he chose the ideal tomb from many aspects. 164 1 year, Ye entered Taihu Lake, took a fancy to a piece of land in Baifuzi, Juhu Mountain, bought it and prepared to bury his ancestral grave. Later, Ye went to Juhushan many times to plan the tomb. In the lunar calendar 16431February, Ye Xie and his father and others went to Juhushan Baifuko to visit their grandparents' graves. Before leaving Taihu Lake to live in exile in Zhejiang, Ye Xie visited the tomb of his ancestors. Living in seclusion in Hengshan can not only fulfill the filial piety to ancestors, but also avoid the pursuit of the Qing court, as well as a quiet reading environment. This is a move to kill three birds with one arrow and mount Hengshan, which naturally became the first choice for Ye Xie to live in seclusion. At that time, Ye Xie's eldest brother Shi Yi, fourth brother Shi Dong and seventh brother Shi Qi all sought refuge in Deng Wei and Zhi Zhi near Hengshan Mountain, and they also needed the care of Ye Xie. Due to various factors, Ye Xie lived in seclusion in Hengshan Mountain. Ye Xie, who lives in seclusion in Hengshan, has lived in Hengshan for more than twenty years. Apart from traveling and sitting in the museum, he has hardly left home. He devoted all his thoughts to reading, reading ancient and modern books, and understanding academic theory and Buddhism.
Ye Xie Ben yun chui fan
Ye Xie's wedding was held in Jiashan's father-in-law's house on March 8 1646. In those days when he was displaced, in order to take care of his sick father and brother, he stayed in his father-in-law's house for less than twenty days, so Ye Xie had to bid farewell to his new wife with tears. After living in Hengshan, Ye Xie came to Hengshan with his wife and children and lived a normal family life. They earn their own living by cultivating a small piece of land near their residence, planting rice, fruits and vegetables, and planting flowers and grass to adjust their poor life. In order to make a living, Ye Xie sometimes has to leave Hengshan. In the past, the way for literati to make a living was to be a teacher in a private school, which was called sitting in a library. The same is true of Ye Xie. Ye Xie has a bad reputation in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and also has a certain influence. Many people invited Ye Xie to sit in the pavilion. Ye Xie worked as a curator in Suzhou and Haiyan and Shimen in Zhejiang for many years.
During his tenure as Mr. Zuo Guan, Ye Xie not only taught children to read, but also had the opportunity to associate with some local young scholars, many of whom later became famous figures or local officials in the early Qing Dynasty. They put forward the requirements according to the article, and the communication between scholars and writers often uses wine to entertain. As the saying goes, the communication between Ye Xie and these young scribes is often a poetry meeting. Ye Xie's eloquence, incisive and original views and quick thinking are praised by everyone. He seems to be a spiritual leader. The friendship established in this kind of communication has been maintained until the evening of life. Decades later, the famous scholar Lao Zhi (a scholar of Kangxi for three years) recalled his association with Ye Xie and said, "I'm afraid I'll never get rid of the habit of being young and strong. I've been following ... at the end of my life." . At the beginning, Ye Xie and others were so high-spirited, and Laozhi said: "His theory of reading his ancient words is full of rivers and rivers, and he will pour out at will. I believe he will become famous with articles." Ye Xie's communication with literati when he was sitting in the museum, as well as his traveling from south to north, broadened his thinking horizon, and the sparks of ideological collision in the process of literary friends' communication provided a lot of themes for Ye Xie's poetry creation.
But Ye Xie himself was not satisfied with the library life in this period, which was not his own choice, but because he had to do it for a living. Ye Xie's poetry creation in this period was compiled into Running to the Cloud and Cooking, respectively, which expressed this idea. Squid is the ancient name of crucian carp. Running food is a kind of fish, and the meaning of cooking is similar, which means helplessness and hardship. Therefore, most of the works in these two manuscripts were deleted by Ye Xie in his later years when he compiled The Collection of Poems, and the only remaining works were scattered in other people's poems recalling and mourning Ye Xie.
Ye Xie was an official in the imperial examination.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, in order to consolidate and strengthen the rule of the Central Plains, especially in the Jiangnan area where the anti-Qing movement was huge, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty brutally suppressed the anti-Qing movement, including cultural control, and created tragedies such as the "Ming History Case". On the other hand, they used appeasement to win over the intellectuals in the south of the Yangtze River. In the imperial examination, a large number of Jiangnan intellectuals were employed, especially in Suzhou. In the imperial examinations in the early Qing dynasty, many champions (and of course many champions) could not be seen again with the gradual stabilization of the Qing regime. In this context, Ye Xie, who is ambitious, re-examined his life choices and decided to take the road of imperial examination and become an official, and do something important in life.
As early as a teenager, in order to take part in the imperial examination, Ye Xie studied the poetry writing system. After youth, the changes of social situation and living conditions made Ye Xie like the works of "Six Dynasties' elegance and elegance", that is, he piled up gorgeous words in his poems and learned to write short sentences (words) to express his feelings. The imperial examination is mainly about writing articles such as strategies. In order to prepare for the imperial examination, Ye Xie wrote down some thoughts in the process of reading when reading a large number of classics and historical subsets. One is to practice the skills of taking exams, and the other is to record his thoughts and gains in reading. Some of the excellent articles were later included in the collection. On the one hand, the strategies in these collections inherit the theory of "writing carries Tao", on the other hand, they can express their feelings directly and argue right and wrong without being clumsy. The articles are fashionable and eloquent, full of momentum, novel in conception, bold in argument, clear in level, step by step, full of emotion, and the most prominent feature is that they can put forward their own new opinions without pretending to make strange words. Starting from concrete facts, merits and demerits are tested by practice. In the discussion at different levels, it is considered that Zhuge Liang is not the "wisdom" and "righteousness" that have been discussed all the time, and Li Mi is the well-deserved "prime minister". This theory is extraordinary, extraordinary. After careful preparation, Ye Xie had a pleasant journey in the imperial examination. In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666), he was a scholar, and in the ninth year of Kangxi, he was a scholar.