What details should be paid attention to in small apartment design?

When the building planes of 1. 1 overlap and dislocate, the H value (net size) should not be greater than 2.4m, so as not to affect the lighting.

2. Fire fighting

2. 1 The fire lane and fire truck climbing surface should be designed in the general plan, and attention should be paid to the diversion of people and vehicles; When the basement is under the fire lane, the structure should consider the load of the total weight of the fire truck of 300KN.

2.2 Climbing surface

2.2. 1 The climbing surface should be solved within the red line of land use. When the conditions are limited, the green belt can be used as the climbing surface, but the hard ground should be set under the green belt, and the total weight of the fire truck is calculated as 300KN.

2.2.2 When the depth of the recessed part of the building is not more than 4m (clear width), the recessed range can be included in the perimeter of 1/4, which is regarded as the climbing surface; If the width of the trench does not exceed 2.5m (clear width), it may not be included in the total length around the building.

2.3 fire lane

2.3. 1 high-rise buildings should be provided with circular or fire lanes along the two long sides of the building; The circular fire lane should be set with 18m× 18m to return to the parking lot.

2.3.2 Minimum turning radius of fire truck: high-rise building 12m, multi-storey building 9m.

2.3.3 Minimum width of fire lane: 6m for climbing surface and 4m for other places.

2.3.4 fire lane gradient: climbing surface ≯ 1%, other places ≯ 7%.

2.3.5 The distance between the fire lane and the building shall be ≮5m.

2.3.6 When the length of the high-rise building along the street exceeds 150m or the total length exceeds 220m, a fire escape crossing the high-rise building shall be set.

2.3.7 High-rise buildings should be provided with pedestrian passages connecting streets and inner courtyards, and the spacing between passages should not exceed 80m.

3. Streamlined design

3. 1 Residential entrances and exits should be provided with special passages for the diversion of people and vehicles; When the residential lobby of a commercial building is close to the commercial service room with a large flow of people, the freight entrance and exit of the commercial building should be located in the basement or in the opposite direction to the entrance of the lobby to avoid the intersection of people and goods and reduce traffic safety hazards.

4. Annex room

4. 1 In the general layout design, the management room should be set in a prominent position in the community (such as near the entrance).

4.2 The garbage station should be located in the downwind and hidden place of the residence (area), with an area of not less than 6m2 and a distance of not less than 10m from the residence, and the outside is connected with the road; The ground and inner wall of the garbage station should be pasted with flat and clean materials, and equipped with water supply and drainage facilities.

4.3 Box-type substation should be considered comprehensively in the general plan and should not be located near the entrance. It is suggested that the distance between it and the main building should not be less than 9m, so as not to affect the landscape and lighting.

5. Storage of motorcycles and bicycles

5. 1 In the general plan, motorcycle and bicycle sheds (garages) should be set in combination with greening, and the distance between them and the main building should not be less than 9m; Low-grade residential projects should be set up according to one bicycle per household and one motorcycle per ten households.

5.2 For safety reasons, bicycle garages should not be located in underground garages and should be considered separately.

2. Apartment design

1. Basic design requirements of unit type

1. 1 storey height: the storey height of an ordinary building with split air conditioning should be 2.8m, and that of a high-grade building can be 3.0m；; If central air conditioning is used, it should not be less than 3.3m

1.2 The indoor clear height of kitchen and bathroom shall not be less than 2.2m；; The clear height of the lower skin of the horizontal drain pipe from the ground shall not be less than 1.9m, and shall not affect the opening of doors and windows.

1.3 The width of the living room should not be less than 3.4m (clear width), and the height-width ratio should not be greater than 2; The doorway leading to the living room should be reduced, and the linear length of the wall where furniture is placed should not be less than 3 m; The living room without balcony should be designed with a low windowsill with a width greater than1.8m..

For a 1.4 high-rise residential building with grooves, the width of the groove opening should not be less than 2.4m (clear width), and the height-width ratio of the groove should not be greater than 4.

1.5 Avoid the bedroom near the elevator shaft. If it cannot be solved, corresponding noise reduction measures should be taken: the adjacent walls are sound insulation walls; The upper part of the shaft with a height greater than 2.5m/s shall be provided with a sound insulation layer with a height greater than 1m, and the sound insulation layer shall be provided with 800×800 entrances and exits.

1.6 When the bathroom on the top floor of a duplex residence is located above the lower bedroom, it is not appropriate to use drainage.

1.7 The clear width of indoor walkways leading to all rooms should not be less than1000; When the aisle length is greater than 2000, it should be widened to 1 100.

1.8 The width of indoor stairs should be taken as the clear width; When a face is empty, the minimum width from the wall to the stair handrail should not be less than 800.

1.9 Storage room doors with a width greater than 900 should be pushed or opened outward to increase storage space.

1. 10 When the first floor of the northern area is an overhead garage, the second floor should be insulated.

1. 1 1 The lockers in the closet, kitchen and bathroom on the ground floor or near the external wall should be moisture-proof.

1. 12 In severe cold areas, the external windows of bedrooms and living rooms should be provided with openable transoms to facilitate regular ventilation, and the gap under the internal doors should not be less than 25.

Step 2: the porch

2. 1 entrance should consider the setting space of dressing mirrors and cabinets, and the clear width should be ≥ 1500.

2.2 household distribution box should avoid conflict with walkie-talkie, switch and doorbell; The entrance of household distribution box into the wall niche can be appropriately widened to120; The doorbell should be a remote doorbell; The distance between the intercom and the door should be greater than 100, and a porch light switch can be set below.

kitchen

3. 1 The kitchen area of middle and high-grade residential buildings should not be less than 5m2; ; The clear width of single-row equipment kitchen should not be less than 1.6m, and the clear width of double-row equipment kitchen should not be less than 2.2m.

3.2 The layout of cabinets should follow the streamline of washing, cutting and frying, and should be arranged in a single row with a spacing of 800. Stove should avoid window setting; The depth of cabinets should be 550, the length should be between 2000 and 3000, the depth of hanging cabinets should be 350, and the clear height should not be less than 500; The kitchen should consider the location of microwave oven and disinfection cabinet, and set up corresponding sockets; The use of power outlets near washbasins and cookers should be avoided. (For the specific design of the kitchen, please refer to the kitchen and bathroom details of the Group Design and Engineering Department. )

List of main kitchen equipment dimensions

Equipment Name Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)

Stove 800 500-550 650-700

Washing table 900- 1200 500-550 800

Console 400- 1200 500-550 800

Hanging cabinet (common) 400- 1200 300-350 ≮ 500

Seasoning 400- 1200 300-350 350-400

The range hood 800 300-350 is determined according to the range hood type.

3.3 The width of refrigerator is not less than 650, and the size of American refrigerator is 800. Pay attention to the convenience of opening the refrigerator door and the refrigeration of the refrigerator.

3.4 If the washing machine is located in the kitchen, the reserved seats shall be no less than 600x600；; The kitchen is only equipped with a special drainage floor drain to prevent overflow and dryness. The floor drain is located at the water outlet side of the washing machine, and the distance from the cabinet is not less than 200.

3.5 The bottom water supply mode is recommended for the sink and wash basin.

3.6 When setting kitchen cabinets, attention should be paid to avoid blocking windows.

3.7 under the ceiling skin should be higher than humanly scaled epithelium 50.

3.8 The kitchen should be equipped with smoke exhaust pipes; Flues should be designed for middle and high-end kitchens. (See 2. Unit type design -9. "range hood" in the flue size table. ) In order to quickly remove the oil fume and odor, it is advisable to set a ventilator on the kitchen window or wall.

3.9 Kitchens in northern areas should be designed for heating.

3. 10 Kitchen closets located on the ground floor or close to external walls and bathrooms must be moistureproof, especially in northern areas.

3. 1 1 When the structural plate of the kitchen floor is not lowered, a threshold should be set. (It's all down now. )

3. 12 When there is a louver at the lower end of the kitchen door, its overall size shall not be less than 250× 450; If there are no hundred pages, the gap under the door should be not less than 25. 4. Toilet

4. 1 When two bathrooms are located in opposite grooves, the windows should be staggered to avoid intervisibility; The bathroom window should be frosted glass.

4.2 The bathroom door should be opened in a blind spot; The bathroom that opens directly into the living room should have a front room.

4.3 The influence of fluctuation noise of sanitary ware such as toilet and washbasin on the bedroom should be considered, and it is not suitable to be arranged along the bedroom wall.

4.4 Toilet facilities (please refer to the kitchen and bathroom details of the Group Design and Engineering Department for the specific design of the bathroom)

4.4. 1 The public toilets should be dominated by column basins or hanging basins, and the distance between column basins and basin walls should be greater than150;

4.4.2 The countertop width of the master bathroom should be 560-600, the length should not be less than 900, and the height should be 850;

4.4.3 The mirror width of the washbasin should be the same as the length of the desktop, and the bottom edge of the mirror is 200 away from the desktop;

4.4.4 Towel rack from the ground1200; Avoid conflict with the socket position.

4.4.5 The clear width of the toilet should be 900, and the minimum clear width should not be less than 850.

4.5 The clear width of shower room should be 1000, and the minimum clear width should not be less than 900; The shower switch is off the ground 1000- 1200, and the shower head is fixed by the pull rod off the ground 1680- 1880; The floor drain is located in the center of the lower part of the shower head, away from the wall 400.

4.6 The size of the bathtub should be 750x 1550, and the size of the bathtub platform can be increased when the grade is higher; Participate in nozzle practice; The water heater should not be placed in the middle of the bathtub.

4.7 Ordinary toilet exhaust fans with external windows should be installed on fixed window sashes; High-grade ceiling should be equipped with ceiling exhaust fan; The toilet exhaust fan without external window should be connected with the air outlet of ventilation pipe.

4.8 The design of sunken toilet should not be adopted; When it must be used due to conditions, the toilet floor should be made of impervious concrete, the water supply pipe should be made of new pipe, and the horizontal overflow pipe should be connected to the drainage riser.

4.9 When designing drainage, it is forbidden to set water supply pipes at the bottom of bathtub; Pay attention to the waterproof layer at the bottom of the bathtub during construction.

4. 10 The main bathroom of large-sized apartment should be equipped with a bathroom, and the sanitary ware facilities should match the grade of the apartment; Pipeline wells should be set up.

4. 1 1 Ventilation pipes should be designed for dark toilets, and their positions should be avoided near water supply pipes and behind doors.

Selection table of finished exhaust pipe

Layer size

≤6 360×200 or 380×240 or 430×290

7-9 500× 300 or 550×350

10-30 600× 300 or 650×350

Note: 1. High-rise exhaust duct should adopt "main-secondary-main" variable pressure air duct, and adopt single-layer and double-layer separate exhaust system to prevent odor.

2. The exhaust outlet of the high-rise exhaust pipeline shall be provided with a fire-proof check valve, which shall be uniformly supplied by the processing plant along the pipeline.

4. 12 when the lower floor is a commercial space, the sanitary ware layout of the bathroom should be considered in the structural design to avoid that the sanitary ware cannot be installed in the middle because of the beam directly below it.

4. 13 when the top-floor bathroom is located above the lower bedroom, it is not appropriate to use the downward drainage method for duplex houses.

4. 14 The drain pipe of the floor drain in the bathroom and kitchen should be provided with a trap; And the washing machine drainage should be equipped with a special floor drain to prevent overflow and dryness.

4. 15 The toilet should be sloped from the door to the floor drain; The floor drain should be located at the lowest end of the room, near the bathtub or shower head.

4. 16 The structure of the toilet should be the sink 50-100; The threshold of the bathroom should not be lowered.

4. 17 The lower skin of the bathroom ceiling should be 50 higher than the window.

4. 18 pipeline design should be reasonable to avoid affecting the placement of bathtubs, shower rooms and windows; When the plastic flooding pipe is buried in the ground through the wall, the height should be greater than 1500, so as to avoid penetration and leakage by secondary decoration due to unreasonable height.

4. 19 socket should be set near the stage, and it should not be set below the towel rack.

4.20 When designing the position of the radiator in the bathroom in the northern area, we must cooperate with the electrical profession to avoid contradictions, such as setting the socket behind the radiator.

4.2 1 Indoor PVC pipes should be equipped with noise elimination measures to reduce the noise of sewer pipes.

5. balcony

5. 1 The floor of the open balcony should be at least 50 lower than the indoor elevation. If there is any difficulty, the door of the top terrace should be set with a threshold.

5.2 When the washing machine is located on the balcony, the laundry sewage should not be directly discharged into the rainwater pipe, and a special drainage floor drain should be set to prevent overflow; Balcony fence should consider the placement space of washing machine to avoid hollowing out; When the washing machine is placed under the window, the height of the window sill should not be lower than 1200 to ensure the opening of the window and the setting of the water supply pipe.

5.3 The balcony cantilever beam with a depth greater than 1500 should be designed as a trapezoid to avoid the influence of excessive cantilever beam height on indoor lighting.

5.4 The lower part of balcony railing should be provided with 100 high edge beam; Balcony railings are strictly forbidden to be designed horizontally to prevent children from climbing and reduce potential safety hazards.

5.5 The width of the viewing balcony should not be less than 1500, and other balconies should not be less than 1200.

5.6 The top balcony should have a roof; The balcony of duplex residence should consider the need of drying clothes and shading.

5.7 life balcony in the northern region should be designed as a closed balcony, and the railing and top of the top balcony should be insulated to prevent condensation; The closed balcony with overhead bottom should be affixed with 50-thick polystyrene insulation board under the bottom plate, and a ceiling should be set.

5.8 The balcony drainage is strictly forbidden to be scattered, and a floor drain should be set. The location of the floor drain should be combined with the rainwater pipe, and should be set near the corner of the external wall and balcony, not at the door; The balcony floor should be inclined to the floor drain.

5.9 balcony doors should use products with good sealing effect and high quality, and doors and windows should not be used; Considering the height of indoor parquet, the height of the door frame under the balcony door should not be less than 50, so as not to make the indoor finished surface higher than the door frame, which will affect the appearance and is not waterproof; The open balcony doors and windows in the northern area should be insulated doors and windows.

5. 10 Households adjacent to the balcony should be separated to avoid mutual communication and reduce unsafe factors.

5. 1 1 balcony metal railings should be rusted; Solid railings should be used in high-rise residential buildings in northern China.

5. 12 Safety should be fully considered when using glass railings for high-rise balconies, and the glass thickness should not be less than 10.

6. door

6. 1 The hole shall be designed according to the following dimensions:

6. 1. 1 entrance 1000x2 100 (normal) 1200x2 100 (high-grade), located outside the door;

6. 1.2 bedroom door 900x2 100, located at the door;

6. 1.3 Kitchen door 800x2 100, located at the door. 250×450 ventilation louvers should be set under the door; If there are no hundred pages, the gap under the door should be not less than 25.

6. 1.4 toilet door 750x2 100, located outside the door; 300x300 or 250x450 ventilation louvers shall be set under the door; If there are no hundred pages, the gap under the door should be not less than 25.

6. 1.5 servant door 800x2 100, located at the door.

6. 1.6 door contact distance 100.

6.2 The size of the doorpost shall not be less than 50, and it shall be reinforced with constructional columns. (Be careful not to omit during construction)

6.3 cornice door should be opened to prevent the wind.

6.4 Anti-theft facilities should be considered for doors and windows on the first floor of residents.

7. Windows

7. 1 bay window sill is 400-450 high and 500 deep.

7.2 Below 900 meters from the ground, it shall be a fixed sash, and all floor-to-ceiling windows shall be provided with a 900-meter-high window guardrail (not subject to this restriction when the windows are balconies or platforms).

7.3 The window lintel shall be provided with a drip tank.

7.4 The convex window sun visor shall be provided with a diversion groove at the root of the wall to avoid the water on the sun visor staying for too long, resulting in leakage of the masonry external wall; Or-100 high concrete water stop is set at the overhanging position of the external wall of the sun visor (see the node details in Part IV for details).

7.5 The height of the kitchen and bathroom window sill is 900, the fixed fan with a height of 400-450 is installed on the upper part of the window to install the exhaust fan, the power socket with a center distance of 2000 from the ground is set at the corresponding position, and the fixed fan switch and ceiling lamp switch are set at the door of the bathroom. The horizontal pipes in the kitchen and bathroom should be close to the floor to avoid blocking the windows.

7.6 The height between the bedroom window epithelium and the ground should be 2300 or more; Kitchen and bathroom consider that the sewage pipe of equipment does not pass through the hole (under the beam), which can be reduced to 2200.

7.7 The window width of a room with a bay greater than or equal to 3300 should not be less than 1800.

7.8 The living room without balcony should have at least two large window fans to facilitate the installation of outdoor air conditioning.

7.9 Wind direction should be considered in the design of bay windows without concrete baffles on both sides, and the opening fan should not face the dominant wind direction to avoid water leakage.

7. 10 The construction joint of window frame combined with convex concrete body must be filled with waterproof mortar to avoid water seepage caused by sundries at the bottom plate of convex windowsill and the corner of window.

7. 1 1 window design should not only consider the overall appearance image, but also consider indoor ventilation. The opening fan area should not be less than 1/20 of the room construction area, and the kitchen should not be less than 0.6m2; The convex window should not be a special window type with too many splicing.

7. 12 The upper and lower sealing plates of convex windows in the northern region must be affixed with insulation boards or plastered with insulation mortar to avoid condensation at the junction of walls.

7. 13 the window (balcony door) located at the corner should avoid line of sight interference.

8. Air conditioning

8. 1 split air conditioner shall be adopted, and the indoor unit of the air conditioner shall not be directly blown on the bed; The floor plan of the apartment should draw the furniture layout and determine the location of the indoor machine.

8.2 Air-conditioned seats

8.2. 1 The location of the air conditioner shall be convenient for installation and maintenance (hanging basket is not required);

8.2.2 It should not be located under the sill of bay window, but near the hole of doors and windows;

8.2.3 The two outdoor units located in the tank are too close together, and they should be staggered;

8.2.4 When the air-conditioning panel is located on the external wall of the bathroom, the window blower of the bathroom should be taken out of the air-conditioning main unit, with a width of not less than 700 and a height of not less than 1 100.

8.4 Air conditioning holes should be close to air conditioning sockets and in the same direction. (See Section IV Node Details for details)

8.5 High-power air conditioner or cabinet should be considered in the living room, and the location of the cabinet should be considered. The condensed water pipe should be embedded, 350 from the ground.

8.6 The condensate pipes of ordinary split air conditioners should be embedded to avoid being directly inserted into rainwater pipes (especially in northern areas); The standard floor is provided with three tees, which are1800 from the ground; When the tee is left indoors, the aesthetic height can be moved up appropriately. (See Section IV Node Details for details)

8.7 The outdoor unit of air conditioner should not be set in a closed balcony, and it will not dissipate heat in summer, so it is easy to crash and produce noise.

8.8 Air-conditioning panels in the north, especially in the northeast, should be provided with insulation layers to reduce cold bridges.

8.9 Low-grade projects should consider installing window air conditioners.

8. 10 the balcony sliding door should leave a creel with a width not less than 100 on the wall to avoid air conditioning pipes from penetrating glass.

9. range hood

9. 1 The kitchen shall be provided with finished product smoke exhaust ducts with 550x350 floors (peripheral dimensions) and 600x400 floors.

Selection table of finished smoke exhaust pipeline

Layer size

≤6 500×300 or 550×350

7-9 560× 300 or 6 10×350

10-24 700× 400 or 750×450

25-30 800× 400 or 850×450

Note: 1. The high-rise smoke exhaust duct should adopt "main-secondary-main" variable pressure flue, and adopt single-layer and double-layer smoke and odor prevention.

Exhaust system.

2. The exhaust port of the high-rise flue should have a fire check valve, which is provided by the processing plant along with the flue.

10. Water heater

10. 1 The water heater should be located in the kitchen, and the forced discharge type should be adopted, not the direct discharge type; Pay attention to the reserved installation space and power socket; When kitchen and bathroom are used together, 10 liter should be considered, and the installation width is 700; The bathroom is for single use, considering 6-8 liters, and the installation width is 500; The size of the vent is ∮ 120, and the distance between the vent and the ground is 1700.

10.2 If the water heater is located in life balcony, the balcony should be insulated.

10.3 the pipeline between the water heater and the water point should not be too long, and should be controlled within 2 meters. Hot water pipes larger than 2 meters should be kept warm.

10.4 hot water pipes (aluminum plastic pipes) are easy to be pierced by nail guns when they are buried in the wall, and the bathroom connected with them should pay attention to installing accessories such as towel racks.

10.5 the water heater should avoid being set in the middle of the side of the bathtub, which will affect the use.

1 1. Sockets, switches and radiators

1 1. 1 Socket and switch (radiator) should be designed reasonably in combination with furniture layout to avoid contradiction with the opening direction and streamline of the door; Sockets should be set at the desks of bedside tables and TV cabinets, and switches should be set near doors and air conditioners; In the kitchen, the location of microwave oven and disinfection cabinet should be considered, and corresponding sockets should be set to avoid the electrical sockets from being close to the basin and cooker. When modifying the plane doors and windows of building specialty, the equipment specialty shall be indicated in time.

1 1.2 When central heating scheme is adopted in the northern region, radiators should be set up in close cooperation with hydropower specialty, and the positions of radiators, sockets, switches and water supply and drainage pipes should be checked to avoid conflicts, such as putting sockets behind radiators.

1 1.3 The distance between the visual intercom, doorbell and porch light switch and the porch door should be ≥ 100, and the location of the porch and shoe cabinet should be considered.

1 1.4 The telephone line in the living room and the TV line socket should avoid the same direction, and the telephone line should be set in the study.

1 1.5 it is suggested that the network cable interface should be located in the study, not in the living room, and the interface position should be designed in combination with the word desk and socket.

1 1.6 The embedding of audio cables should be considered in the living room of high-grade residence.

12. Others

12. 1 The specialties of architecture, construction, water, heating (air-conditioning) and electricity should conduct joint review in the preliminary design and construction drawing design, and the reserved holes should be coordinated with the positions of downpipes and sewage pipes to avoid conflicts; The elevation of the top of the large hole should be calculated to avoid conflict with the floor and beam.

12.2 During structural design, attention should be paid to proofreading the relationship between beam and wall, and the influence of beam on indoor environment should be considered, such as:

12.2. 1 to avoid the ground coming out because the beam is biased to one side of the falling board room;

12.2.2 Avoid that the beam on the partition wall is biased towards the living room and dining room;

12.2.3 avoid that there is a girder directly below the toilet seat, which makes it impossible to install it in the center;

12.2.4 There should be no beams in the middle of the room and at the top of the door; Under the indoor open beam skin should not be less than 2200.

12.3 the water inlet tap of the washing machine should be of interface type.