Common sense of ancient festivals
1 Common sense of ancient festivals:
January 1 ST: The first day of the first month, the year begins.
People's day: the seventh day of the first month, master.
Shangyuan: On the fifteenth day of the first month, lanterns are played, which is also called "Lantern Festival".
Social Day: Around the vernal equinox, sacrifices are made to pray for farming.
Cold food: two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, three days without fire (Wu Zixu)
Qingming: Tomb sweeping and sacrifice in early April.
Dragon Boat Festival: On the fifth day of May, we eat zongzi and row a dragon boat (Qu Yuan).
Tanabata: On the seventh day of July, women seek cleverness (Cowherd and Weaver Girl).
Zhongyuan: July 15th, also called "Ghost Festival".
Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15th, homesick for enjoying the moon.
Chongyang: On the ninth day of September, climb the mountain and insert dogwood to avoid disaster.
Winter solstice: also called "solstice", the starting point of solar terms.
Twelfth lunar month: On the eighth day of twelfth lunar month, drink Laba porridge.
New Year's Eve: the last night of the year, the beginning of the old year and the beginning of the new year.
2 Spring Festival string words:
The Spring Festival is the first year of the China lunar calendar, and it is also the grandest and most lively ancient traditional festival in China.
The folk custom of Chinese New Year is a hard year. At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, farmers sacrificed their harvest to God and ancestors.
Spring Festival is also called "Chinese New Year", commonly known as "Year". Nian is a fictional animal, which will bring bad luck to people.
When the Year comes, the trees will wither, but the grass will not grow. A year has passed, everything grows and flowers are everywhere.
On the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month, the hour hand moved past midnight, and the Spring Festival came.
Traditional celebrations last from New Year's Eve to the Lantern Festival on 15 every year.
There are ancestor worship and pickling before the first day of the lunar new year.
On the 30th, there will be ceremonies such as a statue, couplets, eating jiaozi, setting off firecrackers, and "keeping watch" on New Year's Eve.
On New Year's Day, the younger generation pays New Year greetings to their elders, and then visits relatives and friends.
The new son-in-law will go to her parents' home to pay New Year's greetings, usually on the third day of New Year's Eve.
In addition to visiting each other to celebrate the New Year, there are also customs such as giving children lucky money, dancing lions, playing dragon lanterns, performing social fires, visiting flower markets, and watching lantern festivals.
During this period, lanterns filled the city and tourists crowded the streets, which was unprecedented until the Lantern Festival.
The Spring Festival will not end until 15, the first day of the lunar new year.
2. Common sense of ancient culture in China
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Summary of common sense of ancient culture in China: 1. Name; 3. Astronomical calendar; 4. Ancient geography; 6. Imperial examination system; 7. Customs and etiquette; 8. Diners; 9. Music and entertainment; 10. Bibliography; 1 1. Ancient military system; 1. There are roughly three situations in which people call their names directly: (1) claiming their names or names. Such as "Within five steps, please ask the king to spill blood on his neck" and "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface his poems". (2) for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su are both interested in Sun Quan" and "Liu Jingting is from Taizhou". (3) people who are disgusted and despised. For example, "Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng is evil in the former, but flattering in the latter". The ancients named it "Cheng Zi" when they were young, and took the word (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) when they came of age. There is a meaningful connection between words and names. Chinese characters are for the convenience of others, courtesy and respect for peers or elders. For example, Qu Ping's name is Qu Yuan, Sima Qian's name is Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming's name is Tao, Li Bai's name is Du Fu's name is Han tui, Liu Zongyuan's name is Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu's name is Ouyang Yongshu, and Sima Guang's name is the title number, also known as alias and table number. The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a number is that the former is decided by the father or elder, while the latter is decided by himself. Number, generally only used to claim to express some interest or express some emotion; The address of a person is also a kind of honorific title. For example, Tao Qian's fifth name is posthumous title, which was added after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes in ancient posthumous title. For example, Tao Yuanming's name is Jing Shi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Gong, Wang Ao is Su Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong Gong. Calling Qin Gui a traitor is a kind of "evil death". Calling a vegetarian name means calling it by a vegetarian name or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Zhai Wei, and people called him Yang. Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of the patriarchal clan society in ancient China)
3. List of ancient traditional festivals in China.
Mid-Autumn Festival ranked second.
Spring Festival: Reunion and New Year's Eve
New Year's Eve is the eve of the Spring Festival, also called New Year's Eve. There is a legend: in ancient times, there was a fierce monster named Xi who came out at the end of the year to hurt people. Later, people knew that Xi was most afraid of red and sound, so on the night of New Year's Eve, every household posted red couplets on New Year's Eve and set off firecrackers to drive away animals, so as to realize the peace of the New Year. This custom has been passed down to this day, and New Year's Eve is called New Year's Eve. This day is a day for people to eat, drink and be merry. Northerners make jiaozi and southerners make rice cakes. On New Year's Eve, the whole family eats a "reunion dinner" together, which smells like a family reunion in the New Year.
Mid-Autumn Festival: originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to the moon to welcome the cold.
The Mid-Autumn Festival on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month originated from the ancient activities of offering sacrifices to the moon to welcome the cold. As a festival, it was formed in the Western Han Dynasty and enjoyed the moon in the Jin Dynasty. It was officially named the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Northern Song Dynasty and has been enduring for a long time. This is the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival. The full moon in Mid-Autumn Festival symbolizes reunion, so it is also called "Reunion Festival". On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, there is a custom of "reunion" in most parts of our country, that is, flipping a small cake symbolizing reunion and similar to moon cakes. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the elders in the family divided the cake into pieces according to the number of people, one for each person. If someone is not at home, a copy will be left for them to show family reunion.
Dragon Boat Festival: It has a history of more than 2,000 years.
The Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival and Duanyang. According to folklore experts, the Dragon Boat Festival began in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and has a history of more than 2,000 years. There are three theories about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, which are in memory of Qu Yuan, Wu Zixu and Cao E, the filial daughter of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a traditional festival, China has various folk activities to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. Common customs include dragon boat racing, eating zongzi, wearing sachets, inserting mugwort leaves and calamus, among which eating zongzi is the most common.
Qingming: the day of ancestor worship and grave sweeping.
Tomb-Sweeping Day has a history of more than 2,500 years in China, and Tomb-Sweeping Day was originally a solar term representing phenology. Later, due to the close time between Qingming and cold food, according to the ancient saying that "the 16th day of the winter solstice is Qingming", cold food was the day before Qingming, so the ancients often extended cold food to Qingming. Sacrificing ancestors and sweeping graves is the core content of Tomb-Sweeping Day custom in the Central Plains.
4. Dates of traditional festivals and customs in China.
The traditional festivals in China mainly include Spring Festival (the first day of the first month), Lantern Festival (the fifteenth day of the first month), Dragon Head Raising (the second day of February), Social Day Festival (the second day of February), Tomb-Sweeping Day (around the fifth day of April in Gregorian calendar), Dragon Boat Festival (the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), Tanabata (the seventh day of the seventh lunar month), July and a half (the fourteenth and fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month) and Mid-Autumn Festival (the eighth lunar month).
The following are some examples of five traditional festivals and customs: 1, Spring Festival (the first day of the first month): The Spring Festival, that is, the Lunar New Year, is the beginning of a year and a traditional "festival". Commonly known as Spring Festival, New Year, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve and so on. It is also known verbally as New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve and New Year's Eve.
The Spring Festival has a long history, which evolved from praying for the New Year at the beginning of the year in ancient times. Customs: Celebrations during the Spring Festival are extremely colorful, including lion dancing, floating colors, dragon dancing, worship of gods, temple fairs, flower shopping, lantern viewing, beating gongs and drums, flying cursor flags, burning fireworks, praying for blessings, jumping spring dance, walking on stilts, running roller boats and dancing yangko.
The custom of offering sacrifices to gods (ancestors) prevails in the southern coastal areas, and it inherits the ancient customs. During the Spring Festival, there are many grand activities, such as offering sacrifices to heaven and earth and praying for the Spring Festival, which are rich in content, lively and festive, and full of flavor. During the Spring Festival, you can find it everywhere, such as posting New Year's greetings, observing New Year's Eve, having a reunion dinner and paying New Year's greetings. However, due to different local customs, the nuances have their own characteristics.
2. Lantern Festival (the fifteenth day of the first lunar month): Lantern Festival, also known as Shangyuan Festival, Xiaoyuanyuan Festival, Yuanxi Festival or Lantern Festival, is the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year and is one of the traditional festivals in China. The first month is the first month of the lunar calendar, and the ancients called "night". The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon night in a year, so it is called "Lantern Festival".
Custom: Eating Yuanxiao, watching lanterns and dancing dragons and lions are several important folk customs of the Lantern Festival. 3. Tomb-Sweeping Day (around April 5th, Gregorian calendar): also known as Walking Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, March Festival, ancestor worship festival, etc. This festival is held at the turn of mid-spring and late spring.
Tomb-Sweeping Day originated from the ancestral belief and the custom of worshipping spring in ancient times, which has both natural and humanistic connotations. It is both a natural solar term and a traditional festival. Custom: Grave-sweeping, ancestor worship and outing are the basic etiquette themes.
4. Dragon Boat Festival (the fifth day of the fifth lunar month): also known as Duanyang Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Zhengyang Festival, Magnolia Festival and Tianzhong Festival, it is a traditional folk festival in China. Customs: rowing dragon boats, eating zongzi, hanging wormwood, drinking water at noon, soaking in dragon boat water, tying five-color silk thread to ward off evil spirits, washing herbal water, smoking Atractylodes rhizome to prevent diseases and so on.
5. Mid-Autumn Festival (August 15th of the lunar calendar): Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, August Festival, Moon Chasing Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Daughter's Day or Reunion Festival, is a traditional cultural festival popular in many ethnic groups in China and countries with Chinese cultural circles, which falls on August 15th of the lunar calendar; Because its value is only half that of Sanqiu, it is named, and some places set the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 16. Customs: Since ancient times, there have been customs such as offering sacrifices to the moon, enjoying the moon, Yue Bai, eating moon cakes, enjoying osmanthus and drinking osmanthus wine.
Baidu Encyclopedia-China Traditional Festival Baidu Encyclopedia-Spring Festival Baidu Encyclopedia-Lantern Festival Baidu Encyclopedia-Tomb-Sweeping Day Baidu Encyclopedia-Dragon Boat Festival Baidu Encyclopedia-Mid-Autumn Festival.
5. What are the ancient traditional festivals?
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According to legend, there are two immortals, Tea and Lei Yu, under the peach tree in Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea, who can eat all kinds of ghosts. The ancients painted two statues in peach wood and hung them at the door to exorcise ghosts.
The Five Dynasties began to write couplets on symbols, which later evolved into Spring Festival couplets. Wang Anshi has a poem "January Day": "Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old ones.
"On the fifteenth day of the first month of Shangyuan, it is also called Yuanxiao, Yuanxiao and Yuanxiao. It is also called the Lantern Festival, because on the last night of the Lantern Festival, people hang lanterns to play.
Song notes Shu Zhen's Cha Sheng Zi Yuan Xi: "Last year's Lantern Festival, the flower market was full of lights." This is the day when farmers sacrifice to the land god.
Before the Han dynasty, there were only spring clubs, and after the Han dynasty, there began to be autumn clubs. Spring club is around the vernal equinox, and autumn club is around the autumnal equinox.
On the social day, the neighbors in the Land Temple prepared wine and meat to offer sacrifices to the gods, and then held a banquet. The Wangs' "Poetry of Social Day" "Sang Zheying scattered the Spring Club, and everyone was intoxicated."
"Tomb-Sweeping Day two days ago, that is, after the winter solstice 105 days, sometimes 106 days. Legend has it that it originated from Jin Wengong's mourning for Jie Zhitui, who lived in seclusion in Mianshan. Jin Wengong forced him to let Yamakaji go, and he clung to the tree.
Jin Wengong banned fire and cold food on this day, which later evolved into a cold food festival. During the Cold Food Festival, people will ban fire for three days.
Yuan Zhen's "Lianchang Palace Ci": "After the first cold food of 160, spread smokeless green." The customs of Qingming Tomb-Sweeping Day are mainly hiking and sweeping graves.
Du Mu has a poem "Qingming Festival": "It rains a lot during Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to die." Shangsi was originally scheduled for the third day of March, so it was called Shangsi.
After Cao Wei, this festival was fixed on March 3. Earlier, people went to the water to pick orchids to drive away evil spirits.
Later, it evolved into a festival of feasting and spring outing by the water in the suburbs. Du Fu wrote the poem "Two Ways".
6. Knowledge about traditional festivals
Spring Festival is a traditional festival for people of all ethnic groups in China.
/kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, the folk artist Bai wrote in his music book: "In the first month, every family celebrates the New Year, the Lantern Festival lights up, the full moon is full, flower boxes are everywhere, and firecrackers are everywhere, making people parade." This is a vivid portrayal of the first Spring Festival in history.
According to legend, this festival was held during the Yao and Shun period in China. There are also records about the Spring Festival in Oracle bone inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, and there is a custom of celebrating the Spring Festival at the beginning of the year.
However, the calendar at that time was based on "observing time", and it is still difficult to determine whether it is accurate. By 65438 BC+004 BC, the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the people of China had created the "taichu calendar", which clearly defined the first month of the lunar calendar as the beginning of a year.
Since then, the custom of the Lunar New Year has spread for more than two thousand years. It was not until the founding of New China that this festival was changed to Spring Festival.
Lantern Festival, the 15th day of the first lunar month, is a traditional festival in China. The first month is January, and the ancients called the night "Xiao". The fifteenth day is the first full moon night in a year, so the fifteenth day of the first month is called the Lantern Festival.
Also known as "Shangyuan Festival". According to the folk tradition in China, the moon is high in the sky and there are 10,000 lanterns on the ground on the festival night of Spring Festival, so people can watch lanterns, solve riddles on the lanterns, eat Yuanxiao and have family reunion.
Lantern Festival originated in the Han Dynasty, and it is said that it was set up to commemorate Pinglu during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Liu Ying of the Han Dynasty, Lv Hou usurped power, and the Lushi family dominated the state affairs.
After Lv Hou's death, Zhou Bo, Chen Ping and others eliminated the influence of Lv Hou and established Liu Heng as the emperor of China. Because the day to calm Zhu Lu is the fifteenth day of the first month, after that, every year on the fifteenth night of the first month, Wendi will go out of the palace in disguise and have fun with the people as a souvenir.
The fifteenth day of the first month is designated as the Lantern Festival. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the sacrificial activities of "Taiyi God" were held on the 15th day of the first month.
Sima Qian listed the Lantern Festival as a major festival in taichu calendar law. According to folklore, on the second day of the second lunar month, it is the day when the dominant dragon king in the sky looks up. After that, the rain will gradually increase.
Therefore, this day is called "Spring Festival". It is widely circulated in northern China that "on February 2, the dragon looked up; The big warehouse is full and the small warehouse flows. "
Folk proverbs. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, in most parts of northern China, every family carries lanterns to fetch water from wells or rivers in the morning, and when they get home, they light a fire, burn incense and offer offerings.
In ancient times, people called this ceremony "attracting dragons". On this day, every household will eat noodles, fried oil cakes and popcorn, which are compared with "picking the dragon's head", "eating gentian", "golden beans bloom, the dragon king ascends to heaven, the clouds are raining, and the grains are abundant" to show good luck.
Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Festival is an ancient traditional festival in China. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, people will hold dragon boat races on rivers, lakes and oceans, eat zongzi, wear sachets, have an outing and collect mugwort. These activities have become an eternal custom, which has continued since ancient times.
When it comes to the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, people will first think of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. According to legend, during the Warring States Period, King Xiang of Chu was biased towards traitors and was dismissed from his post and exiled for being outspoken.
Qin took the opportunity to attack Chu, and the territory of Chu was destroyed. Seeing the destruction of the country and the displacement of the people, Qu Yuan was determined to serve the country and was powerless to return to heaven. In a rage, Qu Yuan threw himself into Luojiang with a boulder.
When the local people heard that Qu Yuan had jumped into the river, they came to the rescue. They chased down the river to Dongting Lake, but they didn't find Qu Yuan's body. The sight of a boat swimming around the lake is spectacular. This day is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Later, on this day, people will race dragon boats on the river to commemorate Qu Yuan. People also throw zongzi into the water just to feed ichthyosaurs, shrimps and crabs to prevent Qu Yuan's body from being swallowed.
Valentine's Day in China, also known as Begging for Clevership Festival, is the most romantic festival among the traditional festivals in China. According to legend, the night of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year is the time when "Weaver Girl" and "Cowherd" meet in the sky.
"Weaver Girl" is a beautiful, intelligent and ingenious fairy. That night, ordinary women begged her for wisdom and skills, and also prayed to her for a happy marriage. Ghost Festival is called "Orchid Festival" or "Mid-Yuan Festival" on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month. In some places, it is also called "Ghost Festival" and "Stone Drum".
Originally a Buddhist ceremony in India, Buddhists held "bonsai" to recommend their ancestors. Mid-Autumn Festival. The word Mid-Autumn Festival first appeared in Zhou Li: "In the middle of spring, drummers advocate elegance to welcome summer;" Mid-autumn night is also like a cloud. "
According to Ouyang Zhan's "Preface to Chang 'an Opera", "When autumn is here, summer is in winter, August is in autumn, and the season begins and ends; The fifteenth day is at night and in the middle of the month. If you take it from the sky, it will be cold and hot, and if you take it from the number of months, it will be the toad soul garden. "
In other words, the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month is the middle of August in autumn, so it is called the Mid-Autumn Festival. Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as "Mid-Autumn Festival", "Reunion Festival" and "August Festival", has now become a traditional folk festival of Han nationality and ethnic minorities.
The origin of Mid-Autumn Festival is probably related to the ancient ritual of offering sacrifices to the moon. "The sun shines in spring and the moon shines in autumn.
Asahi is facing the DPRK, and the moon is facing the evening. "(Book of Rites) According to the custom, the evening moon is usually held on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month (also around beginning of autumn).
Emperors of all ages followed this custom. Although the start date of the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon can't be determined, according to the existing written materials, the Seven Fates of Meicheng in Han Dynasty said, "I will look forward to going to Qujiang in Guangling with the princes in August", which may be the origin of observing the custom of Qiantang chamber after the Mid-Autumn Festival today.
Around the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Mid-Autumn Festival began to enjoy the moon, but it did not become a habit. In the Tang Dynasty, it was quite popular to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Ouyang Zhan said in "Preface to Chang 'an Moon Poetry": "August is in autumn, the season begins in Meng, and the fifteenth day is in the night and the middle of the month. The avenue of the season is cold and hot, and the number of months is round. "
It was not until the Song Dynasty that it was officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival: "Before the Mid-Autumn Festival, shops sold new wine, and your family decorated pavilions, while people competed for restaurants to play with the moon, singing thousands of miles away, and moon cakes were listed as the best holiday supplies." Su Dongpo has a beautiful saying that "a small cake is like chewing the moon, with crisp and filling". Mid-Autumn Festival activities in the Southern Song Dynasty are even more colorful: people give each other moon cakes as a sign of reunion.
It's night, people enjoy the moon, or go to the lake and the seaside and swim along it. Above Su Causeway, it is no different from stepping on songs together during the day.
And cast 10,000 "Little Red" (small sheepskin lamps) on the river, which are as bright as stars and very impressive.