Architectural style of Chengzi ancient village
This folk song of building houses handed down from generation to generation is the construction technology of earth palm houses:
The shack is hard to live in, and the beast is hateful; The wind and rain hit and the flood flooded the road.
Ah Yi, a young man, teaches people to build a soil bank; Men carry chestnut trees and women carry dirt.
How to cut and paste? Stay in the crotch; How to support the pillar? A fence to be enclosed;
How to support the column foot? Stone to cushion; What about shaking the column? The fence scooped up the soil.
After the post is erected, everyone will hold it tightly; The branches are loaded, and the vines are wrapped around them.
How to disperse? The interval is five inches; The stick was broken into several sections and laid along the stare blankly.
After the sawdust is laid, loose hair covers the soil; Then daub it with mud and stick it on the sidebar.
How to add soil layer? The soil should be honeycomb soil; Spread five inches thick and sprinkle wet;
Dry it a little, then tamp it to leave the rain outside; Sometimes, a hole will be drilled and a piece of soil will be stuffed.
How to divide the rooms? A place where a person sleeps; One is in kind, and the other is livestock.
Install a door in front to facilitate people's access; Wild animals can't get in and the storm door is blocked.
To live a good life, the Yi people have less hard work.
After the completion of the earthen palm house, people no longer live in caves of rocks and trees, but live in earthen palm houses that are warm in winter and cool in summer, strong and safe, and will never be attacked by wind and rain and wild animals again. It reflects a great process of Yi ancestors coming down from trees, coming out of caves and building houses here, from barbarism to civilization.
With the changes of the times, the structural style of earth-barrier houses is constantly improving. In the Yuan Dynasty, two-story buildings began to appear, especially the "Antus House" in the Ming Dynasty and the "General Dike" in the Qing Dynasty. The architectural style not only maintains the flat roof of Zhang Fang, but also integrates the architectural art of carving dragons and painting phoenixes in the halls of Chinese quadrangles, forming a unique architectural style combining Yi and Han, which has important artistic and historical value.
The ancient village of Chengzi Village is divided into three parts: Xiaolongshu, Zhongying and Xiaoying. Xiaolongshu was the earliest earthen palm house built, and then with the increase of population, the village developed to Zhongying and Xiaoying in turn. A rare earth palm house community has been completely preserved in the village, which is built on behalf of the ancients by using suitable terrain, local materials and advanced technology. The drainage system is good, warm in the east and cool in the summer, unique in shape and durable. The buildings in the village conform to the natural terrain and are distributed in natural parallel contours. Chengzi Temple (the former site of Antu Sifu) is the commanding height of the village. Other buildings are one or two-story earthen palm houses, with flat-topped mud walls and rows of flavor.
The overall layout of the village falls down the mountain, layer by layer. The overall space is high in the west and low in the east, facing the mountains and water. Hundreds of families in the village are built on the mountain, naturally connected and layered, forming a step. The roofs are connected together to form a platform as high as tens or even hundreds of meters. More than 0/000 adobe houses in the village/KLOC-are adjacent to each other, connecting hundreds of families in the village. Houses are connected from top to bottom, left to right, and layered on top of each other. The roof of the next family is the yard of the last family, and each family has a roof and yard. As long as you enter one, you can enter another from the platform until you get through. The roads in the whole village are naturally divided and criss-crossed, showing a natural texture.
Chengzi Village is a settlement where Yi ancestors planted peony. After that, a large number of Han people moved in, and the residential buildings here formed a perfect combination of Yi and Han architectural styles. Chengzi Village is backed by Feifengshan and faces the medium and large rivers. Looking from the front of the village, Chengzi Village, which stands by the mountain, looks like a crown, and the site of Angtusi House at the top of the mountain is the pearl of the crown. Mountains, water, fields, trees and adobe houses are isomorphic, forming a good natural landscape in Chengzi Village. The village landscape of ancient villages fully embodies the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, reaching the perfect state of coexistence between man and nature. The village site selection and construction fully embodies the typical case of China's traditional geomantic theory: ancient geomantic songs in China;
Yang Zhai must teach to choose the terrain, and the water behind the mountain is the heart.
Mountains have long hair, and water must surround them.
The generosity of the hall is a blessing, and the water mouth is full of gold.
Chengzi village is backed by a high mountain, and the mountain is winding, which is a cause and effect; The medium and large rivers flow through the village head and bend into a circle at the village head; The terrain in front of Feifengpo is flat and wide, which is wide for Tang Ming. In the direction of entering the village, the medium and large rivers have a wide terrain, which is opened by Tianmen, and the wealth comes smoothly. In the direction of leaving the village, there are two mountains and one valley, and the terrain is narrow, which is closed by local households and the wealth is endless.
Looking down from the mountain behind the village, we can see that there are opposite mountains and case mountains in front of the village. The case mountains are in the shape of three plates, and the sun and the moon are distributed around, that is, they come from the village and are passed down from generation to generation, which also combines the theory of feng shui and qi supplement.
The ancient village is in the middle, with thick soil. The left green dragon belongs to wood, the right white tiger belongs to gold, the upper rosefinch belongs to fire and the lower basaltic belongs to water. Jin Mu has five elements of fire, water and soil, and Qinglong White Tiger Suzaku Xuanwu has four elements. The site selection and construction of ancient villages conform to China's traditional geomantic theory in many places, which is a typical case of village construction under the guidance of traditional geomantic theory.
The historical context of village construction has been completely preserved.
After investigation, it is found that the construction age of existing houses in ancient villages has a very clear vein. According to records, during Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, Tusi Gui built Tusi House and Jiangxi Street on Feng Fei Mountain, which has been more than 600 years. In your heyday, Jiangxi Street was full of houses and shops, which were later destroyed by fire. The oldest existing houses in the ancient village are 20 small dragon trees. According to an old man who lives in the house, the house was built in the eighth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, and it has been more than 270 years. At that time, it was built by 24 families, and the side houses were on the same horizontal plane along the contour line. The style is the most primitive earthen palm house without windows, and the building envelope is rammed with earth. Later, with the increase of population, the development of the village gradually developed from the top of the mountain to the north, and the Sino-British residents group was established. The architectural style has also changed with the entry of Chinese cultural architectural technology. The house gradually became a "one-letter" style, that is, a main room, two wing rooms and a wall. Neicun is a patio, which is convenient for lighting. Close to the inner village side wall, wooden wall and wooden window. This greatly increases the comfort of the house. However, the roofs of these houses are still integrated into a platform, which still maintains the characteristics of Yi people's earthen houses. Subsequently, a small camp housing group was established. At this time, Chinese architecture began to appear in the residential buildings, and the building components such as the bucket arch under the door were complete, which had won the essence of China architecture (such as General Li Di). However, after absorbing the essence of China architecture, most residential buildings still maintain the characteristics of traditional Yi people's earthen palm houses in the construction of roofs and external walls, which has become an obvious example of the perfect combination of Han and Yi architectural technologies.
To sum up, due to the development of nature and history, Chengzi Ancient Village has completely and truly preserved the different characteristics and development process of residential buildings built in different periods, providing a vivid teaching material for the development of residential building history, which can be called a "living fossil" in the history of residential building culture and architectural technology development. Most of the residential buildings in ancient villages are the product of the combination of Chinese residential building value creation technology and Yi traditional residential building technology. The construction technology of external wall and roof adopts the traditional Yi folk building technology, but it is a typical practice of China architecture in building plane layout, courtyard partition, window opening, rain eaves and door construction. In the process of building their own houses, clever urban ancestors constantly absorbed foreign culture and technology, refined them and applied them to the building technology, thus further improving the use function and building technology of houses and further developing the living conditions of houses such as safety, comfort, lighting and ventilation.