What is the relationship between Taiwan and Fujian?
Taiwan Province is located on the continental shelf along the southeast coast of China, between 119°18′03″ and 124°34′30″ east longitude and 20°45′25″ and 25°56′30″ north latitude. . Taiwan borders the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Ryukyu Islands to the northeast, about 600 kilometers apart; the Bashi Strait to the south is about 300 kilometers away from the Philippines; it faces Fujian across the Taiwan Strait to the west, with the narrowest point being 130 kilometers. Taiwan straddles the center of the Western Pacific Waterway and is an important transportation hub for maritime connections among countries in the Pacific region.
The Taiwan Strait runs from northeast to southwest, connecting the East China Sea in the north and the South China Sea in the south. It is about 200 nautical miles long, 70 to 221 nautical miles wide, and has an average width of about 108 nautical miles. It is an important maritime transportation channel and an international maritime channel. Traffic arteries. Ships traveling between the East China Sea and the South China Sea pass here. Ships from Europe, Africa, South Asia and Oceania to China's eastern coast also pass here. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean to the Sea of Japan generally pass here.
Taiwan Province includes the main island of Taiwan and 21 affiliated islands such as Orchid Island, Green Island, and Diaoyu Island, and 64 islands in the Penghu Archipelago, of which Taiwan’s main island covers an area of 35,873 square kilometers. The current Taiwan region usually includes Kinmen, Matsu and other islands in Fujian Province, with a total area of 36,006 square kilometers.
Taiwan Island is mountainous, with mountains and hills accounting for more than two-thirds of the entire area. The Taiwan Mountain System runs parallel to the northeast-southwest direction of Taiwan Island and lies vertically east of the central part of Taiwan Island. It forms the topographic features of the island with mountains in the east, hills in the center, and plains in the west. Taiwan Island has five major mountain ranges, four major plains, and three major basins, namely the Central Mountain Range, Snow Mountain Mountain Range, Yushan Mountain Range, Alishan Mountain Range and Taitung Mountain Range, Yilan Plain, Chianan Plain, Pingtung Plain and Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain. Taipei Basin, Taichung Basin and Puli Basin. The Central Mountain Range runs from north to south. Yushan Mountain is 3,952 meters above sea level and is the highest peak in eastern my country. Taiwan Island is located in the Pacific Rim Seismic Belt and the Volcanic Belt. The earth's crust is unstable and it is an area prone to earthquakes.
Taiwan’s climate is characterized by warm winters, hot summers, abundant rainfall, and frequent typhoons and rains in summer and autumn. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the central part of Taiwan Island. The northern part has a subtropical climate and the southern part has a tropical climate. The average annual temperature (except mountains) is 22°C, and the annual precipitation is more than 2,000 mm. Abundant rainfall has created good conditions for the development of rivers on the island. There are 608 large and small rivers that flow into the sea alone, with rapid water flow, many waterfalls, and extremely rich water resources. Among them, the rivers with a length of more than 100 kilometers include Zhuoshui River (186.4 kilometers), Gaoping River (170.9 kilometers), Tamsui River (158.7 kilometers), Dajia River (140.3 kilometers), Zengwen River (138.5 kilometers), and Wuxi (116.8 kilometers). kilometer).
The agricultural area of Taiwan Province accounts for about a quarter of the land area. It is rich in rice, with two to three crops a year. The rice quality is good and the yield is high; the main cash crops are cane sugar and tea.
Taiwan is one of the regions with the most rainfall in my country. The average annual precipitation is more than 2,000 millimeters, which is equivalent to 90 billion cubic meters of water, which is three times the world's average precipitation.
The distribution characteristics of precipitation in Taiwan are: the mountainous areas receive more precipitation than the flatlands; in the flatlands, the edge areas near the mountains are more abundant than those far away from the mountains; the eastern flatlands receive more rainfall than the western flatlands. The average annual precipitation in the central mountainous areas is around 3000 mm, the average annual precipitation in the plains is around 1800 mm, and the average annual precipitation in the eastern plains is between 1500-3000 mm. Keelung in the north has the largest number of western flatlands, with an annual rainfall of up to 3,600 mm.
The rainless area in Taiwan is located south of Dajia River in the west and north of Zengwen Reservoir, that is, in the central and western part of the Chianan Plain. Among them, Zhutang in Changhua County had an average annual precipitation of more than 1,183 mm in 32 years, and Lukang's average annual precipitation in 13 years did not exceed 1,258 mm.
The seasonal distribution of precipitation in Taiwan is closely related to the monsoon and topography. There are obvious differences between the southern and northern regions, and the seasonal changes in rainfall are different. The southwest monsoon prevails in summer, but the wind is weak. Temperatures in various places generally rise, water vapor in the air increases, convection is strong, and thunderstorms are common. In addition, many typhoons have brought heavy rainfall to the entire province. In winter (October to March of the following year), the northeast monsoon prevails. The cold air mass moving south from the mainland brings abundant water vapor to Taiwan via the East China Sea. A rainy season forms in the northern and northeastern regions, with precipitation accounting for about 60% of the year.
The number of rainy days and annual precipitation in various parts of Taiwan are quite consistent, that is, more precipitation means more rainy days. The characteristics of the distribution of rainy days are: there are more mountains than flat lands, more in the east than in the west, the whole island decreases from north to south, and the change in precipitation between months increases from north to south. Precipitation intensity (precipitation amount per unit time) is generally greater in summer than in winter in other parts of the island, except for Keelung in the north, which has relatively average seasons. Among them, the seasonal changes in precipitation intensity are smaller in the northern region, while the seasonal changes in the central, southern and eastern regions are larger. Although Taiwan has abundant rainfall, due to differences in regional and seasonal distribution, there are still dry periods of varying degrees in various places. Although precipitation is the main source of water resources in Taiwan, abnormal precipitation often brings serious floods.
Taiwan’s relative humidity is high and changes little. The annual average relative humidity is mostly between 78-85%.
In each summer month, the relative humidity in other areas is above 80% except for Tamsui, Keelung and Taipei in the north where the relative humidity is below 80%. In winter months, the relative humidity in the eastern and southern parts of Taiwan is relatively low, about 75%, while other areas are far above 80%. The relative humidity in the central mountainous area has no obvious seasonal changes and is around 80% in all seasons.
Monsoons and Typhoons
Climately, Taiwan is located in the contact zone between the advance and retreat of continental air masses and oceanic air masses in Asia. There are many monsoons throughout the year and many typhoons in summer, which have an impact on the climate of the entire island. Very big.
Taiwan is affected by the northeast monsoon in winter and the southwest monsoon in summer. During the transition between the northeast monsoon, the southwest monsoon, and the southeast monsoon, the continental air mass and ocean air currents wax and wane with each other, and the cyclones are active. The winds brought to Taiwan are called "transition cyclones." The wind direction is changeable, often forming cyclones and showers. When southwesterly winds prevail in summer, Taiwan is prone to tornadoes.
Taiwan is one of the areas hit most by typhoons along the southeastern coast of my country. There are two main sources of typhoons. One is a typhoon that travels northwest from the Pacific Ocean to the east of the Philippine Islands, and the other is a typhoon that travels northward from the central South China Sea to the northeast. Every year, typhoons attack from late April at the earliest to late November at the latest, lasting up to half a year, especially from July to September. Frequent typhoons often cause heavy losses to Taiwan's industrial and agricultural production and people's lives.
Taiwan’s climate characteristics of high temperature, rainy, and windy weather, as well as relatively abundant climate resources such as light, heat, and wind energy, as well as water resources, not only provide necessary conditions for the reproduction and growth of various organisms, but also provide economic development. , especially agricultural production provides favorable conditions.
Taiwan’s climate can be divided into seven types, namely warm and humid climate in the northeast, warm winter climate with little rainfall in the west, tropical climate with little rain in winter in the southwest, tropical rainforest climate in the east, tropical monsoon climate in the southeast, and central and central climate. The low-altitude mountains have a warm and humid climate, while the central high mountainous areas have a cold climate with little rain in winter.
The Taiwan Meteorological Department divides Taiwan Island into 9 agricultural climate zones based on the climate characteristics of each region, namely Northeast District, Northwest District, Zhongzhang District, Yunjia District, Southwest District, Southern District, and East Coast District , eastern mountainous areas and central mountainous areas, in order to give full play to the advantages of climate resources in various places and avoid and reduce the adverse effects of adverse climate factors on agricultural production.