Ming xianling cultural relics
Qianbaocheng was built in the 15th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (1520), and it was built as a mausoleum to worship the king after Zhu Shiyuan's death. After Zhu Houzong ascended the throne, posthumous title's father was Xing, and in the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538), his mother died of illness. Around whether to move the capital to Beijing or bury the fairy together, Jiajing sent people to investigate and opened the fairy underground palace, and found that there was water in the underground palace. In the 18th year of Jiajing (1539), Sejong visited Zhongxiang, rode his horse to the Treasure City, set up a watchhouse after the Tomb of the Demon, selected a new site, made a new underground treasure city map, built it according to the map, and buried his parents in a new bedroom. The two treasure cities are connected by a long platform called Yaotai. Therefore, among the Ming Tombs, only Xianling has a special pattern of "two treasure cities with a Yao terrace in the middle". Each treasure city has a crescent city, a dumb courtyard and a glass screen wall, and has an independent drainage system, which is the uniqueness of Xianling. Shuanglong Glass Curtain Wall The exquisite glass curtain walls on both sides of Ling 'en Gate of Ming Xian Mausoleum are not found in the Ming Tombs. Judging from the existing wall, it is in the form of colored glass imitation wood, with tile eaves on the upper part, colored glass imitation wood components under the eaves, sumeru pedestal on the lower part, floral pattern on the front and double dragon pattern on the back, which is more exquisite in workmanship. Wailuocheng was built in the 18th year of Jiajing (1539), starting from Xinhongmen and surrounding the whole cemetery. A huge Wailuocheng was built with the ups and downs of the mountain. According to historical records, "the perimeter of the red wall 1047 feet 5 inches (about 3489 meters)" is 4-6 meters high and 1.6 meters thick, covered with yellow glazed tiles. The north and south ends of Luocheng are narrow, with a width of about 300 meters, a maximum width of 464 meters in the middle and a depth of 1656.5 meters in the north and south, showing a "golden vase" shape. The addition of Xianling Mausoleum is based on imitating the Seven Mausoleums of Tianshou Mountain, which only has the walls of the Mausoleum Palace. There is no separate outer Luocheng in each mausoleum, but a heavily guarded wall has been built around Tianshou Mountain Mausoleum. After the tomb was revealed, Sejong built Wailuo City outside the wall of the mausoleum palace, and Dingling was used in later generations, forming a unique mausoleum system. Therefore, the outer Luocheng of Fairy Spirit is the predecessor of the outer Luocheng of Yongling and Dingling. Nello City The northern part of Tang Ming is Nello City, and the plane figure is "front and back circle". The main buildings inside are Fenmen, East-West Stove, East-West Plough, Fenentang, Mausoleum Gate, Erzhumen, Fifteenth Palace, Fangcheng Minglou, and Yingcheng before and after. It is an important sacrificial place for the mausoleum and an important place for the queen's bedroom. Jiuqu Yu He Jiuqu Yu He is the main drainage facility of the Ming Tombs. It was built in the second year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1523). It is a masonry structure, with a total length of 1687 meters, winding from northeast to southwest and running through the whole cemetery. From Shenchu and Shenku to the north, the spring water of Songlinshan (now Laohuchong Reservoir) enters the mausoleum area through three "three spins and three supports" under Wailuocheng. The spring water obliquely passes through the southeast corner of Shenku (now the management office), goes south through Neimingtang along No.5 Bridge, then turns northwest, then south, passes through Shen Gong Palace Gate, and then turns south to east, passing through No.4 Bridge in the middle of Shinto. The river channel is 4m wide, 2m deep upstream and 3m deep downstream, and the vertical wall is T-shaped. The bottom of the river is paved with different shapes of bluestone slabs and blue bricks, and there are 9 dams in the river according to the height difference.
Jiuqu Yu He is called "Jiuqu River" locally, because its "curved and tangible" form obviously combines the intention of geomantic omen. The drainage system of Xianlingyugou is relatively perfect, which embodies the "geomantic theory", which is very different from the Qiling before the Ming Dynasty. In the planning and layout of the Ming Tombs, Waimingtang designed the inner Ming and outer Ming according to the feng shui intention. "Tang Ming" is a homonym of "Tang Ming", which is an important concept in the theory of geomantic omen, and its original meaning is the clearing inside the mausoleum. Close to the core-the "cave" is the Inner Ming Hall, which should not be too wide and can "hide the wind and gather the gas"; Close to the periphery, it is the outer hall, which should be wide but not narrow, thinking it is a long-term development plan. Waimingtang was built in the 18th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1539), so it is called "Waimingtang" because it is located in the position of Waimingtang in geomantic omen. Waimingtang is located on the west side of Xinhongmen, connected with Wailuocheng from east to west, with a distance of 80 meters, and connected with Jiuqu Yu He River. At present, Tang Ming is restored at 1999, with an oval shape, with a length of120m from east to west and a length of 98m from north to south. According to the records in "Star Records", Waimingtang should be "south to the mountain and down to the Song Dynasty", and the current Waimingtang is actually only one-third of the original area. The Ming pool in Neiming Pool is located in front of Lengen Gate. Whenever the pond is set in a relatively open square, the records in Du Xingzhi and Chengtian Dazhi are called Neiming Pond. The new Red Gate and the old Red Gate are the gateway of Wailuocheng, the sign of the entrance to the Ming Tomb, and one of the important signs of the expansion of the apparition from the tomb to the mausoleum. Corresponding to it is the Old Red Gate, which is the gateway when the fairy is the king's tomb. The most unique thing is that the new and old double red doors are not on a central axis, which is relatively rare in ancient traditional buildings in China, and it has also become a successful example of the architectural culture of Ming Dynasty tombs in China. Dragon Shinto is a 290-meter-long Shinto from Longfengmen to Yuqiao. This shinto is a dragon shinto, which violates the principles of left-right symmetry and linearity and bends into a dragon shape. There are stone statues on both sides of Shinto, including lions, lions, reclining camels, reclining elephants, unicorns, horses and reclining horses. There are two pairs of civilian military commanders, and the last three imperial bridges are dragon-shaped Shinto.