Why do villagers have deep feelings for carp?
Carp
Carp (1 pieces)
Carp
Carp (3 pieces)
It tastes excellent and is produced everywhere. One of the delicacies on the table of China people. In addition, koi fish with colorful patterns has high ornamental value in Asia.
Carp, commonly known as carp abductor, hair seed, etc., belongs to CYPRINIDAE. The body is flat and the abdomen is round, and the mouth is horseshoe-shaped, and it must be 2 pairs. The base of dorsal fin is long, and both dorsal fin and gluteal fin have a thick hard spine with sawtooth. The side is golden yellow, and the lower leaf of caudal fin is orange red. Carp usually inhabit the bottom of water bodies with aquatic plants in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds, and mainly feed on benthos.
carp
carp (3 pieces)
It has strong adaptability, cold tolerance, alkali tolerance and hypoxia tolerance. They can lay eggs in running water or still water, and the spawning places are mostly in water grass, and the eggs adhere to the water grass to develop. Carp is one of the freshwater fishes with the largest variety, the widest distribution, the longest breeding history and the highest yield.
it is sweet, flat and non-toxic.
a thick green-brown fish in Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae), whose scientific name is Cyprinus carpio. Originally from Asia, it was introduced to Europe, North America and other regions. With large scales and two whiskers on each side of the upper palate, they live alone or in small groups in ponds, lakes and rivers with calm and grassy mud bottoms. Omnivorous, digging for food often muddies water and increases turbidity, which has adverse effects on many animals and plants. Therefore, carp is often regarded as unpopular in Europe and America, and Europeans and Americans have to spend a lot of effort to get rid of it. Because Europeans and Americans don't eat prickly carp, and carp has no natural enemies in North America and Europe, it was once flooded and regarded as a harmful species. This is also closely related to the eating habits of Europeans and Americans.
carp
carp (12 pieces)
In winter, carp go into hibernation and sink to the bottom of the river without eating anything. In spring, female fish often lay a large number of eggs on plants or debris in shallow water, and the fertilized eggs hatch after 3~4 days. Carp grows rapidly, reaching sexual maturity in about the third year, and can live for more than 4 years under feeding conditions. The average length is about 35 cm (14 inches), but it can exceed 1 cm (4 inches) and weigh more than 22 kg (49 pounds). Carps are often cultivated for food, especially in Europe and Asia, where a large number of fish can be produced per mu of water. Koi fish (with a few large scales) and leather carp (with almost no scales), two breeds of carp, are domestic varieties. Carassius carassius is an unnecessary European relative of carp.
Carp
Carp (6 pieces)
Carp is a temperate freshwater fish native to Asia. I like to live in warm lakes on the plains or rivers with slow water flow. Distributed all over the world except Australia and South America. It has been used as ornamental fish or edible fish in China and Japan for a long time, and it has been cultivated as edible fish in German and other European countries. The root of dorsal fin is long, without fat fin, usually with whiskers at the mouth, but some have no whiskers. There are throat teeth deep in the mouth, which are used to grind food. There are many kinds of carp, about 29 species.
The diet includes prolactin carp soup.
Variety Editor
There are many varieties of carp that have been artificially cultivated, such as red carp, group carp, grass carp, koi fish carp, fire carp, hibiscus carp and purse carp. Different varieties have different body colors and are deeply loved by everyone.
Efficacy attending editor
Cooking food can cure cough, jaundice, thirst and promote urination. Eliminate edema of lower limbs and fetal distress. As a catfish, it has the effect of warming and tonifying, and can remove cold air, chest tightness and abdominal distension, and accumulated discomfort in the upper abdomen. It can sweat, treat cough and asthma, promote lactation and reduce swelling when burned into powder. Take rice to treat severe diarrhea in adults and children. Stewing with children's excrement can cure nausea and evil wind entering the abdomen.
Survival habit editor
Carp
Carp (13 pieces)
Carp is a benthic omnivorous fish, which eats both meat and vegetables. The bait spectrum is extensive, the snout bone is developed, and it often feeds on mud. Carp is also a low-temperature animal, and its body temperature changes with the change of water temperature, so it does not need to consume energy to maintain a constant body temperature, so the total amount of bait intake is not large. At the same time, carp, like most freshwater fish, belongs to a kind of fish without stomach, and its intestine is short and its metabolism is fast, so its feeding habit is to eat less and eat more frequently. The digestive function of carp has a great relationship with water temperature, and its feeding is seasonal.
In winter (especially under the ice), it is basically in a semi-dormant state, and the body fat is exhausted in winter. When spring comes, it is eager to eat high-protein food to supplement it. In late autumn and winter approaching, in order to accumulate fat, there will also be a peak period of "grasping food", and it is also based on high-protein bait. Therefore, in early spring and late autumn, carp fishing should be mainly based on animal bait such as earthworm and river shrimp.
after spring, with the temperature rising, the fish's food intake increased, and the quality of bait was not important, but the quantity rose to the first place. Therefore, in late spring, the whole summer and early autumn, carp are mainly vegetarian. At this time, fishing should use surface bait and bad food.
Although carp is a benthic fish, it doesn't mean that its activity area remains unchanged. Seasonal changes, water temperature changes. Wind direction, air pressure, the change of the horizon, water quality, water flow, water level fluctuation, dissolved oxygen in water, prey environment, etc., will change the fish's activity area at any time, so that they often move to a large extent. If they are in a large water area, this is called "migration". Compared with other freshwater fish, carp has the same habits and special habits. These habits are mainly determined by the needs of reproduction, feeding and aerobic survival.
bait formula editor
bean cake and sesame cake are crushed, and appropriate amount of flour is added, and the bait is mixed with water
flour, milk powder, broad bean powder and egg yolk essence are mixed with water in a ratio of 5:1
All spices are mixed according to sunflower cake: soybean cake: rapeseed cake: corn flour: flour = 3: 3: 1: 2.5: . 1% rice dregs, mixed in proportion, scalded in boiling water and steamed in a pot, can be obtained
breeding editor
parent carp selection
1. Selection criteria:
good body shape, strong activity without injury, and the ratio of body length to body height is 3: 1, which has typical species characteristics. The female fish is at least 2 winter years old and weighs 1.5kg, and the male fish is better than 1kg.
2. Sex identification:
Non-reproductive season: the female fish has a wide body, a high back, a small head, a large and soft abdomen, a small and round pectoral fin and ventral fin, and a flat or slightly protruding cloaca with radial folds; The male fish has a long and narrow body, a large head, a small and hard abdomen, a large and sharp pectoral fin, and a slightly concave anus without parallel wrinkles.
breeding season: the female fish's abdomen is soft and round, and the anus and reproductive pores are large, slightly red and prominent; The abdomen of male fish is small, gill cover, chest and ventral fin have obvious accessory characteristics "idolize", anus and genital foramen are concave, not red and swollen, and milky semen flows out when the abdomen is lightly pressed.
3. Feeding management:
Management: Strengthen the cultivation of parent carp, and feed high-protein feed such as bean cake, silkworm chrysalis and fish meal. At the same time, attention should be paid to adjusting the water quality during the feeding process, often adding fresh water and keeping running water to stimulate gonad development.
spawning and hatching
carp
carp (3 pieces)
1. Timing of spawning:
When the water temperature rises and stabilizes above 16℃, spawning can be started. Usually, during the period from Qingming to Grain Rain, after the cold wave, when the temperature rises and stabilizes, you can induce labor.
2. Mode of spawning:
(1) Natural spawning
(2) Artificial spawning
3. Management:
(1) Natural incubation
(2) Debonding incubation
Seedling cultivation
(1) Summer flower cultivation
1.
2. Fertilization (also known as fertilizer-fed pond): 7-1 days before the fish fry enter the pond, fermented manure can be applied, such as 15-3kg/667 square meters of pig manure, or 5-1kg/667 square meters of inorganic fertilizer can be applied, and at the same time, quicklime disinfection (dosage 15kg/667 square meters)
3.
4. Clear water into the pond: fry are put directly without applying base fertilizer. This method is weak and the survival rate is low because there are few rotifers in the palatable bait in the water.
5. management:
(1) timely feeding: common soybeans and cooked egg yolk are beaten and sprinkled for feeding.
(2) Top dressing and water management: Top dressing should be applied once every three days to keep rotifers in the water at a high level.
(3) careful observation: patrol should be strengthened in the process of fry cultivation. Observing its activities, eating, growth, water quality changes, there are invincible hazards, diseases and so on.
Carp
Carp
(II) Standard fish species cultivation
1. Monoculture method:
2. Polyculture method: carp summer flowers are mixed with other fish species, and carp can be the main or auxiliary species.
3. Feeding management:
(1) We should start eating early: the earlier the fry are opened, the earlier the growth starts, and the better the growth will be.
(2) Pay close attention to flourishing food: fish species grow very fast in the early stage, so feeding should be strengthened at this time, and the feeding rate of some fishermen in this period is over 1%.
(3) Persistence in feeding: "four decisions" are
carp
carp
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(4) daily management: do a good job of "three patrols and four inspections" in the morning, middle and evening, and at the same time, regularly inject water and do a good job in flood control and escape prevention.
breeding fry early
the average annual temperature in many areas in northern China is low, and the mullet fry suitable for stocking can only be produced after the middle and late May under natural conditions, which makes the specifications of fish species small and the survival rate of overwintering low. Carp producers often fly fry from the south to change this situation, but the cost of flying fry is high and it is easy to bring germs with fry. From March to April, 24, I carried out the artificial propagation experiment of carp in early spring, in order to achieve the purpose of early release of fry and increase production and income.
1. Materials and methods
1. Breeding and selection of parent fish
(1) Cultivation pond:
The cultivation pond covers an area of 8 mu, all of which are rectangular plastic greenhouses with an east-west direction. The silt at the bottom of the pond is 1-15 cm, and the pond is 2. m deep and 1.2 m deep, which is convenient for water injection and drainage. Before stocking, clean the pond with quicklime dry method and apply 1 ~ 15 kg/mu of quicklime.
(2) Parent fish source:
Parent fish is a healthy carp that has been artificially bred and raised in our institute for 2-8 years, weighing 1.-4. kg. A total of 875 fish, including 575 females and 3 males.
(3) Feeding management of parent fish:
Parent fish were put into a breeding pond on February 2th, with a stocking density of 5-8 fish/mu and a water depth of 1.2m. Concentrated feed (malt, rice sprouts and cakes, etc.) was fed once or twice a day, and the feeding amount was 5%-1% of the fish's weight. After 3 days of intensive cultivation, the gonad of the parent fish developed well.
(4) Parent fish selection:
Choose 1-3kg individuals with well-developed individuals, no injury to the fish body, smooth body surface and normal activities as parent fish. The female fish's abdomen is large and soft, with obvious ovarian outline when looking up, and elastic feeling when touching. The abdomen of male fish is obviously smaller than that of female fish (Table 1).
table 1 male and female identification of parent carp in reproductive season
sex | body shape | abdomen | pectoral fin | reproductive hole
female | back is high, body is wide, head is small | when mature, it swells and becomes soft and saccular | pectoral fin has no or few pearl stars (idolize) | anus and reproductive hole are slightly red and swollen, protruding
male | body is long and narrow. The head is big | when it is mature, it is lightly pressed with semen outflow | There are pearl stars on the pectoral and abdominal fins and gills, which make the hand feel rough | The anus and the genital hole are slightly sunken and red, and the abdomen is lightly pressed with semen outflow, and the genital hole is small
2. Artificial spawning and incubation
(1) Artificial spawning: < P > The spawning pool is 3.8m× 3.1m× 1.2. The water source is Yellow River water, and aeration and heating are adopted to adjust the temperature. The water temperature during the breeding period is 22℃ ~ 26℃.
DOM+LRH-A2 was selected as the oxytocin, and the injection dosage was (3mg DOM+1μ g LRH-A2)/ kg (the dosage of oxytocin was halved for every kilogram of female fish). The injection method was to insert the needle into the body cavity at an angle of 45-6 degrees with the fish pectoral fin, and slowly inject the liquid medicine, so that the needle could not penetrate too deep.
Carp
Carp (18 pieces)
(2) Artificial insemination
Dry insemination is used to catch the parent fish at the climax of estrus or when it is expected to spawn. One person holds the fish, holds the reproductive hole head-up and tail-down with his hand (to prevent the eggs from flowing into the water), and the other person holds the tail handle and dries the belly of the fish with a towel, and then gently squeezes the belly with his hand. This is repeated until the eggs are collected. At the same time of collecting eggs, estimate the amount of eggs laid according to the egg weight (the egg basin is placed on the electronic balance, and the weight of eggs added each time can be known from the weight gain).
(3) Debonding and running water incubation
First, fine soil and water are mixed into mud water, which is filtered by a thin-eye net cage (4 mesh) with a concentration like rice soup water, and then poured into a large porcelain basin. Then, one person keeps turning the mud water with both hands, and the other person pours a small amount of fertilized eggs into his hands at a time, and shakes them in the mud water for a few times, and then scatters the eggs in the mud water for debinding. After all the eggs are scattered, continue to turn over the water for 1-2 minutes, then pour the mud water together with the fertilized eggs into the cage, wash with clean water to remove the mud, put the screened eggs into 1/15 methylene blue water solution for disinfection for half a minute, and put them into the hatching loop for hatching after counting. About 8, eggs can be placed in each cubic meter of water, and the flow rate is determined by the slight turning of eggs. During incubation, 1 eggs were taken from the ring road to check the fertilization rate. After the larvae hatch, the hatching rate is calculated by sampling and counting.
3. Artificial seedling raising
(1) Early stage of cultivation:
Put the fry into tang qian, drain the pond water and clean the pond (using 115kg/mu of quicklime). About 1 days before the fry go into the pond, inject 5 cm ~ 7 cm water, and filter with gauze when injecting water to prevent aquatic insects, cyclops and wild fish from entering the pond. To fertilize the pond, apply 35 kg/mu of fermented livestock fertilizer one week before releasing the fry, and release the fry after one week, with the stocking density of 12, ~ 15, fish per mu.
(2) incubation period:
hatched after 5-6 days.