Name explanation

Nowadays, most people have a "name" without a "word", so when we say "name", we usually mean only a person's name, or a name. But in ancient times, most people, especially officials and intellectuals, had both "names" and "characters", and some names and characters had "numbers" in addition.

(1) What are names and words?

The so-called "name" is the special name of individuals in society, that is, the symbols used by individuals in society. "Zi" is often the explanation and supplement of a name, also known as "ideograph". Names were given to elders when they were young. When a man reaches the age of 20, he will hold a coronation ceremony, which means that he wants to be an official and enter the society. When a woman grows up, she will leave her family and promise to marry. Those who are not allowed to get married are called "Wei Zi" or "Dai Zi". When you get married at the age of fifteen, you should also call your friends.

In ancient times, the names of early figures were generally simple, such as Kong Jia, Gui Lu, Waibing, Yongji, Pan Geng, Wu Ding and Xiao Xin. All of them were named by cadres, which may be related to people's concept of attaching importance to time at that time. Later, with the progress of society, the development of language and the strengthening of consciousness, people's names became more and more complicated, and naming people became a science. When naming a name, you should carefully consider its connotation and think it over and over again. "Zuo Zhuan Huan Gong Six Years" recorded five principles of naming in the Spring and Autumn Period: "There are five names, faithfulness, righteousness, image, falsehood and category." This was put forward by Shen Ru, a doctor of the State of Lu, when answering the question of Huan Gong's name, which meant that he should be named according to his birth characteristics or from the aspects of pursuing Mu Xiangrui, expressing ambition, praising virtue and pinning his parents' expectations. And put forward seven noes: "not named after countries, officials, mountains and rivers, hidden diseases, animals and coins."

The ancient naming convention that emphasizes meaning and connotation has continued for thousands of years. For boys and girls born, because of their physiology. Personality and occupation are different, so names are different. For men, words are brave, strong and resolute; for women, words are virtuous, gorgeous and beautiful.

In addition, naming also reflects the characteristics of the times. The Xia and Shang Dynasties mentioned above like to use the names of the main branches as a typical example. Later, in the long-term feudal society, rich families of officials were mostly named after loyalty, filial piety, loyalty, longevity, health, promotion and wealth, so many people were named after benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, music, virtue, longevity, promotion, step-ancestor, honor-ancestor and continuation. People also want to live a good life and look forward to having many children and grandchildren and going to school, so there are many names called Fu Gui, Telford, Jincai, Zhixue, Ping 'an, Changshun, Man Cang, Mantun, Baocheng, Jinsuo and Shuanzhu.

After the founding of New China, many new names appeared, such as founding the country, aiding Korea, protecting the family, supporting the army, building the army, supporting Vietnam, staying in the Soviet Union, Weidong, Hongwei, Cultural Revolution, studying engineering and supporting agriculture.

Since the reform and opening up, the phenomenon of taking foreign names has begun to rise again, which is undesirable and should not be advocated.

(2) Alias number

In ancient times, some people were removed from the list. In addition to this word, there was a "number". No. is another name for people, so it is also called "nickname", which is very practical. Besides being called, it is also used as the signature of articles, books and calligraphy. If you are not familiar with the nicknames of ancient literati writers, it is difficult to know who the authors of these works are. Therefore, for ancient literati writers, we should not only master their names and characters, but also remember their numbers.

The origin of 1

When did the bugle rise? There is no detailed record in the literature, probably in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Such as "Lao Dan" and "Guiguzi" can be regarded as the earliest nicknames of China. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming took the name "Mr. Wuliu", and in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, more people took the name. A general atmosphere was formed in the Tang and Song Dynasties and reached its peak in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Not only does everyone have a number, but also a person can say many numbers. For example, Chen Hong, a painter in the Ming Dynasty, has four titles: Lao Lian, Lao Chi, Regret Late and Yunmen Monk. In modern times, the custom of using numbers has been enduring, such as Su's Schumann. Double Rev. "White Stone"; He Xiangning's "Shuangqing Landlord". In modern times, the names of literati have been gradually replaced by pen names.

2. How are numbers generated?

The formation of "number" has two situations:

(1) is the user himself. The middle and upper classes in feudal society, especially the literati, always like to give themselves a number. Just because "number" is made by oneself, unlike the name and ideographic characters, it is not restricted by family, patriarchal clan system, etiquette and peers, and it can freely express and flaunt users' wishes and interests, so there are many different nicknames, but after careful analysis and in-depth investigation, we can still sum up some common characteristics:

A, distinctive mark of the times b, strong lyrical color c, profound implication, and the use of specific nouns.

(2) being recognized by others. This kind of "number" is called "posthumous title", "nickname" or "mixed number" and "muddled number", which is very expressive, not only can enhance people's memory of all kinds of characters, but also is a supplement to names, words and numbers, and is often a portrayal or refraction of people's five senses and personality characteristics. The vivid nickname "The Story of Water and Rain" left a deep and unforgettable impression on readers. Nicknames such as Black Cyclone Li Feng, Leopard Head Lin Chong, Blue-faced Beast Yang Zhi, Flower Monk Lu, Thunderstorm Fire Qin Ming, Wing Tiger Lei Heng, Desperable Shi Xiu and Langli Baitiao Zhang Shun vividly and accurately describe the characters' personalities, specialties or physiological characteristics.

Many nicknames and nicknames come from joking with each other in real life, so they often contain ironic and mocking derogatory meanings. In rural areas, nicknames are more popular, such as "big donkey", "two crocks", "three yellow dishes", "four pigeons", "eight dogs", "red dates" and "peach slaves". Nicknames such as "Dayanpear", "Walnut with Skin", "Five Hemps", "Dry Food", "Erhu Apricot", "Sanshe Rough", "Fairy Family", "White Bald", "Yellow Hair", "Duck Board" and "Unreliable" are very common. Of course, there are more tacky than this, so I won't mention it here.

There are also some nicknames that are not derogatory. For example, in the Song Dynasty, people called Song Qi "the history of an apricot coming out of the wall" because he wrote a poem "An apricot is full of branches and springs"; Tang Dynasty poet Wen, with quick wit and eight rhymes, was called "Wen Bajiao". Li Bai, a great poet, was so talented that when he wrote the next chapter, people called him "Li Chenxian". The same is true of modern times. Li Ji, a poet, called Bing Xin "Yu Taijun", which reflected the high prestige of this old grandmother in the literary world. This nickname appeals to all tastes.

The above is a nickname.

Respondent: andy_zhang83