Prevention and survival methods of water disasters
10.2. 1. 1 survival method
1) When the flood comes, if you are in a solid building, you can take the necessities of life and climb to the roof.
2) Use fixed points. If you are in rapids, try to catch trees, stones, piles, buildings, etc. The kind that doesn't seem to be washed away immediately, stop yourself first, climb up (or climb), and keep your head out of the water; Then decide what to do next according to the specific situation. Under normal circumstances, water is often shallow and urgent, and deep and slow; The narrow place is urgent, and the wide place is slow; Steep places are steep, and flat places are slow. Therefore, rapids often appear on hillsides, lakes and narrow waterways. Moreover, these places are often not far from the shore or not very deep, and there are things that can be caught.
3) Use floating objects. If you can't swim or swim well, try to use everything that floats. If there are no ready-made floating objects, you can use pants that tie up your trouser legs. After the two trouser legs are inflated, they will have great buoyancy. Remember: Before inflating, the trousers must be wet (water can fill the gap between the fibers and keep the gas), and constantly blow air into them through the fibers with your mouth.
4) Intermittent breathing. Before you sink into the water, take a deep breath and then get into the water immediately. People who breathe enough air will have some buoyancy. When you feel short of breath, stick your head out of the water, breathe quickly, and then enter the water.
5) Downstream slope. If the water is washed into a wide water area, the current will slowly slow down. At this time, you should swim diagonally to the shore along the current and try to get ashore.
6) Down first, then up. If you are in an area with waves and eddies, don't panic. Take a deep breath on the surface of the water and then dive into the bottom. The huge rolling force at the bottom of the water will lift people far away and lift the water surface. Whether you can swim or not, the principle of going down first and then going up is applicable. Even if you are not in the torrent, it is a good way to save your strength when you don't need to breathe. Remember: the greater the proportion of the body in the water, the greater the buoyancy.
7) Active floating. If you can swim, but your strength is exhausted, lie on your back, spread out your arms, pat the water slowly and float on the water actively.
8) Reduce the burden. Try to take off absorbent shoes and heavy clothes.
9) If you are on a sinking ship, you should get into the water ahead of time, and don't wait until the ship finally sinks. Because the sinking of the ship will form a huge whirlpool, which is very dangerous. Of course, wear a life jacket or find a reliable floater before launching.
10) If you encounter heavy hail, try to find something that can resist to cover your head and get into any place that blocks or buffers the hail.
10.2.10.2 rescue methods
1) intercept the rescue. In rapids, rescuers should be prepared to go downstream, adjust their positions at any time, and choose the best rescue point.
2) Parabolic rescue. If the drowning person is conscious, you can throw floating objects, ropes and other items into the water. Pay attention to the landing point when throwing objects in rapids.
3) launching rescue. Because drowning people usually hold the rescuer tightly in extreme panic and will never let go easily. If you don't have necessary protective measures and special water rescue training, don't blindly go into the water to rescue the drowning person, so as to avoid accidents. If the water is good, you can go into the water for rescue, but you must not go near the drowning person. Let him catch you with a stick, not let him catch you. If you are caught by him, you can dive into the water immediately and the drowning person will let you go.
4) Joint rescue. If there are many people on the shore, they can carry out rescue together. The people behind protect the people in front and rescue them with long poles or ropes.
5) salvage. If the drowning man sinks, he should be salvaged quickly. After salvage, clear the blockage in the mouth of the drowning person first, and then pour out the water in the body. If you are not breathing, give artificial respiration; If there is no pulse, you should have a heart compression.
10.2. 1.3 preventive measures
1) Get to know the local weather forecast before going out.
2) When camping in the wild, choose a good location and make corresponding preparations.
3) Don't camp on the dry river bed in rainy season.
4) Before the flood can be predicted, the easiest way is to run high. If you have time, try to bring kindling, food, clothes and reliable floating objects.
5) If there is no high point or it is too late to run to the high point, look for floating objects immediately, preferably conveniently fixed or easily caught.
6) If you have to face water to escape and can't swim, block your nostrils with cotton or soft cloth to avoid choking. Because the gas inhaled from the mouth will enter the lungs, and the liquid will be prevented from entering the stomach. But this method can't solve the problem of people staying underwater for a long time.
7) Choose a campsite before the storm comes. Wrap spare clothes in tarpaulin. It is also important to prepare dry kindling.
10.2. 1.4 Precautions
1) When breathing in water, inhale through your mouth and exhale through your nostrils.
2) Physical activity should be carried out before launching, and preparations should be made for pre-cooling the body to prevent cramps.
3) During the flood, there was a lot of water, but it was polluted. Never drink it directly. When there is really no drinking water, the water can only be drunk after special treatment.
4) The food soaked in water has been polluted and cannot be eaten without treatment.
5) Don't touch the puddle where the wire falls. If you must touch it, use a dry stick to pick up the thread and let the thread end be overhead.
6) When floating on the water, be sure to avoid the protrusions in the rapids to avoid injury.