Who invented basketball?
According to written records, basketball was invented by james naismith of the United States in 189 1 year. Naismith is a teacher at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. Basketball is an indoor group game designed by Professor Lu Se-Gulick, director of the Department of Physical Education in this school, to implement the winter physical education class syllabus. His inspiration comes from the game that local children like to throw peaches into baskets outdoors (peaches are abundant in the local area, and every household has a peach basket).
Naismith nailed two baskets filled with peaches to the stands more than 3 meters above the ground at both ends of the indoor sports room, used football as the game ball, and replaced the baffle with barbed wire. He also absorbed the characteristics of football, rugby, hockey and other ball games, and formulated the original basketball 13 rules. This is the origin of the name basketball, and it is also the situation in the period of basketball entrepreneurship. At that time, people called this game "naismith Ball" or "Ball".
At first, the basketball game was relatively simple, and there were no restrictions on the size of the venue and the number of participants. The students in physical education class are divided into two equal teams, standing at both ends of the court. After the referee threw the ball into the center of the court, the players from both sides immediately rushed into the court to grab the ball and tried to throw it into the opponent's basket. At the beginning, the peach basket had a bottom, and the ball was in the basket after it was hit. People have to climb a special ladder to take the ball out of the basket, and then the referee throws the ball to the center of the court again.
With the continuous improvement of the venue facilities, the bottom of the basket was cancelled, the peach basket was replaced by an iron ring, and the iron fence was replaced by a baffle made of wood. The center line, middle circle and free throw line were added in the venue, and the game started from the middle jump ball. At the same time, the players on the field are usually changed to 9 players per team, with positions such as defender, defender, center, striker and staying behind. In addition, naismith has formulated imperfect competition rules.
1892 65438+1On October 20th, the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA held the first large-scale basketball match. So the history of basketball game is even longer than the modern Olympic Games. However, it was not until 1932 that the International Amateur Basketball Federation was established that men's basketball was recognized as an official Olympic event by the International Olympic Committee, and women's basketball was not recognized until 1976.
1892, basketball was introduced to Mexico for the first time, and it quickly developed all over Mexico. In this way, Mexico became the first country to develop basketball outside the United States. In addition, this sport was first introduced to France, Britain, China, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Australia, Lebanon and other countries, and developed, popularized and developed all over the world.
American Bao Puli introduced basketball to China in 1896, and it was first played in youth clubs in Tianjin and Beijing. 19 10 Basketball was listed as a performance item for the first time in the first national sports meeting in old China. In 2003, basketball was listed as an official competition in China. James-
Naismith was born in Canada after being born into a famous Scottish family, and became an American citizen at the age of 64. It was not until 1936 that Berlin hosted the Olympic Games that he got the respect he deserved. 75-year-old naismith arrived in Berlin with the American basketball team, but the American basketball team only paid naismith's air ticket from the United States to Berlin, not his hotel and entrance fee in Berlin. The United States Olympic Committee ignored this. The father of basketball was in a very bad mood. William Jones, the first secretary-general of the International Amateur Basketball Federation, respected and admired him very much. He not only settled his hotel expenses, but also invited him to kick off the first basketball match of the Olympic Games. Before kick-off, Jones introduced the inventor of basketball to all the athletes and spectators, and he was warmly welcomed by everyone. After all the competitions, Jones arranged for naismith to preside over the award ceremony. He was awarded a special Olympic medal in recognition of his achievements in inventing basketball. When a little German girl presented him with China Chinese rose, naismith was ecstatic and threw his hat into the sky.
After naismith's death, in order to commemorate him, the International Amateur Basketball Federation decided to name the World Championship Cup-Jan Naismith Cup after him at the first Central Bureau meeting held during the establishment of the first men's basketball championship.
Before the establishment of the International Amateur Basketball Federation, handball such as basketball, volleyball and handball belonged to the special committee under the International Amateur Athletic Federation established by 19 12. Especially in Europe, these ball games and competitions are only an integral part of winter track and field training. With the popularization and development of these ball games in more and more countries, the number of ball games is increasing, and ball games are no longer just.
At that time, William Jones of Britain, as the representative of Swiss Basketball Federation, together with Aldo Nardi, president of Italian Basketball Federation, did a lot of work to establish a single ball sports organization, and at the invitation of Elmer Berry, director of the Geneva International YMCA Sports School, he convened Italy, Switzerland and Argentina. On June 1932, representatives of eight national basketball organizations, including Portugal, held the first international basketball congress in Geneva, Switzerland, and established the International Amateur Basketball Federation. At this meeting, the delegates elected the first president of the International Amateur Basketball Federation-Swiss Leon Bouffarde. Italian Giorgio Asinari de Saint-Marby Hong is the vice-chairman and the secretary-general.
193410 June19, the organizing Committee of the 11th Olympic Committee decided to include basketball as an official event during the discussion on the project. 1936 This result was approved by the Oslo meeting of the International Olympic Committee on February 28th. In this way, men's basketball, as an official event, made its debut at the 1 1 Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936, while women's basketball was not listed as an Olympic event until 1976. The International Amateur Basketball Federation decided to hold the World Men's Basketball Championship every four years from 1948. 1952 decided to hold the world women's basketball championship every four years. At present, the International Amateur Basketball Federation is headquartered in Munich, Germany, and has 157 member associations, including Central Bureau, Executive Committee, International Committee, Technical Committee, Finance Committee, Rules Committee, International Organizing Committee, Women's Basketball Committee, Young Men's Basketball Committee, Young Women's Basketball Committee, International Small Basketball Committee and
1976 In July, at the 10th Congress held in Montreal and the meeting of the Central Executive Committee held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the Resolution on Restoring China People's Legal Seats in the International Basketball Association was adopted, and Changjun Zhang, Secretary General of chinese basketball association, was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee of the International Amateur Basketball Federation, and Shen Enlu, Deputy Secretary General of chinese basketball association, was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee.
1980 July 15, at the 10/th Congress of the International Amateur Basketball Federation held in Moscow, with 49 votes in favor, 2 votes against, and10 abstentions, the International Amateur Basketball Federation adopted a resolution to expel South Africa to protest the policy of apartheid and racial discrimination implemented by the South African authorities.
The International Amateur Basketball Federation has had six presidents. They are:
The first term of office of Leon Boufard (Switzerland) is 1932 to 1946.
The second chairman, Willard Graham (USA), served from 1946 to 1960.
Third President Antonio dos Reyes Caneiro (Brazil). At 1960.
Year-1968.
The fourth chairman Abdul Moneim Wahdi (Egypt) was from 1968 to 1976.
He took office in 2004.
Faisalo Puyate (Philippines), the fifth chairman, has a term of 1976 to 1984.
The sixth president, Robert Baasner (Germany), took office from 65438 to 0984.
The current president of the International Amateur Basketball Federation is Cheng Wanqi from Hong Kong.