The lake system of Chagan Lake
Chagan Lake is located at the intersection of the end of the Huolin River and the Nen River. It is a barrier lake of the Huolin River. Before 1984, the water source of Chagan Lake mainly relied on floods from the Huolin River, surface runoff, and drainage from deep and heavy waterlogging areas. According to data from the Qianqian Hydrological Station in the lower reaches of the Huolin River, from 1957 to 1964, the Huolin River flooded into Chagan Lake in consecutive years, with the flow reaching 20m/s in September 1960. From 1966 to 1970, there were occasional floods and the flow was small. Although Chagan Lake was short of water, it could still be maintained. Later, due to the construction of Hangali, Xinglong, and Shengli reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Huolin River to intercept and store water, the amount of water flowing into Chagan Lake decreased. From 1971 to 1982, the Huolin River basically stopped flowing into the lake. From 1984 to 2007, the main water sources of Chagan Lake were water from the Songhua River (artesian water from the pine diversion project and drainage from the Qianguo Irrigation Area), as well as natural precipitation, water from the Huolin River and Taoer River, drainage from deep and heavy flood areas, and Nenjiang River Flood intrusion, etc. The average annual water inflow to the lake area is 5.66×10m, of which the available regional runoff is 3.56×10m. The annual water discharged into the lake from the Qianguo Irrigation District is 1.3×10m. According to a comprehensive analysis of water conditions in 1960, 1969, 1986, and 1998, a flood from the Huolin River will flow into Chagan Lake every 10 years or so. Although floods will bring certain harm, they will not only alleviate the drought but also raise the groundwater level. , it is very beneficial to increase water storage and improve water quality. In 1986, the flood of the Huolin River caused the highest water level of Chagan Lake to rise to 131.23 meters. More than 20 employee houses under the Chagan Lake Fishing Farm were flooded, and the only road leading to the outside world was flooded. submerged and became an island. In 1998, Chagan Lake received a once-in-a-century flood from the Huolin River, Taoer River and Nen River. The highest water level was 132.02 meters, and the maximum water storage reached 1.8 billion cubic meters. In order to discharge the flood, the Chagan Lake fishery was forced to open a grain store. The dam lasted for nearly a year and the fishery suffered heavy losses.
The Huolin River enters the Tongfa Ranch in Tongyu County from Gaoliban, Mengke Youzhong Banner, Xing'an, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and flows through Tongyu and Da'an counties (cities) to join Chaganpao. The drainage area is 19,900 square kilometers and the river is 590 kilometers long. There are 114.8 kilometers of embankments in Tongyu County, protecting 11 townships (towns and farms), 132,000 people, and 80,000 acres of cultivated land. There are no embankments in Da'an City and the floods are widespread. The largest flood in history occurred in 1998. The peak flow of the Baiyun Hushuo Hydrological Station was 4,230 cubic meters per second, causing serious disasters on both sides of the Huolin River.
The Taoer River is the largest tributary on the right bank of the Nen River at the west source of the Songhua River in the Heilongjiang River system. It is located in the Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia and the northwest of Jilin Province. It originates from Jiudaogou, Bailang Town, Aershan City, Gaoyue Mountain, southeastern foothills of Daxingan Mountains, Inner Mongolia. It is formed by 10 small rivers of different sizes. It flows southeast through Keyouqian Banner, Ulanhot City, Taobei District, Taonan City, and Zhenlai County, and flows into the Moon Bubble in the north of Da'an City, and then flows into the Nenjiang River. It is 553 kilometers long and has a drainage area of 30,800 square kilometers. It flows from northwest to southeast to Ulanhot, where it merges into the Guiliu River, and then turns northeast to flow into the Nenjiang River in Taonan City, Jilin Province. Xingfu Canal was built in 1958 and is located in the west of Da'an County, starting from the west of Aoboying Tunxi, Liuhe Township, and ending at Xiaoximipao, Tongjian Township in the east. The Taoer River water is diverted to lakes such as Yangmofang, Dayushu Xipao and Niuxintao Baopao. In fact, it connects the lower reaches of the Taoer River and Huolin River systems. At the same time, in wet years, the Taoer River overflows and enters Chagan Lake many times in history. Xinmiaopao is located 1 km south of Chagan Lake, across the mountain from Chagan Lake, and connected to Chagan Lake through the Chuantou channel. It covers an area of 30.72 square kilometers, the bottom elevation of the bubble is 128.5 meters, and the design water level is 131.50 meters. 65 million cubic meters of water. The water from the Second Songhua River and the Qianguo Irrigation Area enters Xinmiaopao through the 53.85-kilometer diversion canal, and then discharges into Chagan Lake through the tail gate (Chuantou Control Gate). In the 1950s and 1960s, Xinmiaobao was managed by Miaodong Village, Nagadai Village, Pianfacezi Village, Xinmiao Town, Erjia Village, Mongoliatun Village, Zhongchong Township, etc. The average water depth was less than 1 meter, which was a It mainly relies on the adjustment of surrounding rainwater and the natural marshes of rice fields in the old irrigation area (built during the occupation of Northeast China).
Xinmiaopao was nationalized with the approval of the County Revolutionary Committee in September 1972 and is operated by the Chagan Lake Fishing Farm. It is the main water area of the Chagan Lake after it dries up, supporting the survival of the site. Construction began in the spring of 1974, mainly to build dikes and raise water levels to store fish. From Thirteen Households to the back section of Zhongchu Village, the embankment was used for many years after it was built without any repairs. The section from Difanghuangtunqian to Miaodongtundongtou, Miaodongtundongtou to Shangkan Baijiadian was repaired every year from 1974 to 1976. Especially in windy and rainy days, dam erosion was seriously threatened, almost mobilizing Using the strength of the whole field, bulldozers and manpower came together. Due to limited funds and power, there is no condition to meet the standards and protect the slope at once. If something is broken, repair it, and if it is repaired, we often end up focusing on one thing and losing the other. In the spring of 1976, the Baijiadian Dam from Miaodong was overwhelmed by the impact of wind and waves and burst. The flood flowed down 7 to 8 kilometers like a wild beast and reached the Yuan family in Xinmiao Town, together with the underground house, the temple, and Including private houses in low-lying areas such as Bapai and Miaodong, more than 50 households were affected by the disaster. For this, the county government and Chagan Lake Fishing Farm paid farmers more than 200,000 yuan in compensation. The signed agreements were gradually moved to the post for reconstruction. On August 24, 1977, the county party committee mobilized 30,000 laborers and 2,000 carts from three communes to repair the dam with a total length of 6.5 kilometers from the northern edge of Xinmiaopao and Miaodongtundongtou to Baijiadian. On August 30 It was completed on the same day, thus completely solving the flooding problem of the new temple. Xinmiaopao not only produces fish, but also has good reed quality and high yield, which is famous far and wide. From the early 1970s to the mid-1980s, the annual reed output was 3,000 to 4,000 tons. Three purchase points were set up in Tunxi, Fangfangzi, Luotuogangzishanhou and Gaojia, and all land was used for inspection. The tourism industry of Xinmiaopao Fishing Ground has developed rapidly since 2001. Relying on its own strength, it has successively built hotels, restaurants and recreational facilities, integrating food, accommodation and tourism. It is unique and has become the tourism industry of Chagan Lake. an important "new force".
Xindianpao, located on the north side of Chagan Lake, was originally a low-humid grassland and the pasture of nearby villagers. In 1982, a water diversion project was constructed at Xindian Reed Farm, transforming the grassland into a reed source. In 1984, after the "pine diversion project" was opened to water, it is not only unique and self-contained, but also closely connected with Chagan Lake and inseparable. With an area of 101 square kilometers and an average water depth of about 70 centimeters, it is a typical shallow water swamp system. Xindianpao is rich in reeds, with a large area, excellent quality and high yield. From 1988 to 1993, it was sold to paper mills in Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and other countries. It was once listed as a resource sector to be supported by the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" development plan by the Reed Bureau of Baicheng District. Geographically, there is the Tong (Liao) Rang (Hulu) Railway in the north as a natural barrier, and the large water surface of Chagan Lake blocks it in the south and west. The villages on the east bank are sparse and far away, and there is little human interference, making it an ideal place for birds. The habitat and breeding ground of fish, a natural breeding ground for fish, is listed as the core area of Chagan Lake National Nature Reserve.
Kulipao, located 4 kilometers northeast of Changshan Town, was named because of its proximity to Kulitun. Kulipao is operated by the state-owned Kuli Fishery Farm, with an area of 14.41 square kilometers, an average water depth of 2.5 meters, and a water storage of 40 million cubic meters. The water source mainly relies on the adjustment of the Nen River flood and the release of Chagan Lake. Since 1978, due to the "thermal pollution" of the Changshan Thermal Power Plant's power generation circulating water, there have been very few organisms in the water. From 1978 to 2006, fish fry were released every year, but the fish resources have never been restored.
Yunzipao is located 1.5 kilometers west of Yunzijing, Airi Township, Mongolia. It is owned by Qianguo and Qian'an counties, with an area of 3 square kilometers and an average water depth of 1.2 meters. With a maximum depth of 2 meters and a water storage of 3 million cubic meters, it is the smallest water body in the protected area. Yunzi Bubble is located in a low-lying part of the grassland. The bottom of the bubble is relatively flat, and the water goes from shallow to deep. There are 22 springs in the bubble. The diameter of the spring water gushing out is 25 to 30 centimeters, and it is uninterrupted all year round. Yunzipao uses its own spring water as its main water source and surface runoff as supplement. It does not rely on artificial supply. When the water is surplus, it flows into Chagan Lake by itself. This is a significant feature that distinguishes it from other water bodies. The grassland around Yunzipao is flat and open, with excellent grass quality. Flowers of different colors such as red, yellow, green and white are reflected in the green grass. Chinese herbal medicines include windbreaks, mustard stems, dandelions, lilies, etc.
As people's awareness of conservation increases, wild animals such as pheasants, hares, foxes, and badgers gradually increase in number. Yunzipao's special geographical environment, clear spring water, abundant fish, shrimp and plant fruits attract many waterbirds and grassland birds to live and breed here. During the spring and autumn bird migration seasons, there are 20,000 to 30,000 waterbirds in Yunzipao. National Class I and II key protected bird species, such as red-crowned cranes, great bustards, whooper swans, and white spoonbills, often inhabit or stay here, becoming a beautiful scenery in the reserve. The typicality and particularity of Yunzipao are rare in the semi-arid area of western Jilin Province, making it even more precious and rare. Therefore, it has high scientific research value, protection value and development value.