Meizhou City Water Resources Protection Countermeasures
18.3.1 The government and urban residents should play different roles in water conservation
For a long time, residents have been subject to the traditional concept that "water resources are inexhaustible" The concept of cherishing and protecting water resources is weak, and residents have not yet had the habit of reusing household wastewater. Before residents develop the habit of self-discipline and water conservation, it is still necessary for the government to constrain residents’ water use behavior (heteronomy) through its own functions. This will not only reduce urban water pressure, but also help form residents' water-saving concepts. Administrative means that the government can use in this regard include stipulating water quotas for urban residents and progressively increasing prices for water exceeding the quotas; raising water prices and sewage treatment charging standards to promote sewage reduction and water conservation, and implementing a water conservation reward system to provide incentives for development Provide rewards for new water-saving technologies, and provide financial support for improving old processes and promoting new water-saving processes [3]. But the most fundamental thing is to cultivate residents’ awareness of self-discipline and water conservation. In addition to using various media, advertisements, and columns for publicity, the government can also organize exhibitions of various forms and sizes, or organize enterprises and institutions to hold some small exhibitions in various units and communities to make it a household name and everyone Everyone knows the purpose. At the same time, the content of protecting water resources and saving water should be added to the teaching materials of primary and secondary schools, so that young people can establish the awareness of protecting and saving water resources from an early age [4].
It is necessary to further rationalize and gradually increase urban water supply prices and increase sewage treatment charging standards to promote the reduction of sewage discharge and water conservation. Especially when urban water supply prices are still generally low, it is necessary to adjust water prices in a timely and reasonable manner. In the process of adjusting and reforming water prices, all localities should organize and formulate implementation details of urban water supply price management measures as soon as possible based on the actual conditions of the region, establish a water price formation mechanism that meets the requirements of the socialist market economy, and scientifically standardize the management of urban water prices. While adjusting and rationalizing water prices, we must speed up the reform of the water supply and drainage industry and corporate systems, introduce market mechanisms, reduce costs, strengthen management, and improve water utilization efficiency.
18.3.2 Increase efforts to control urban water pollution
Maintaining the natural form of rivers and maintaining good water quality is related to providing a good living environment for urban residents and contributing to the sustainability of the city. issues such as ensuring development. There are many ways to control urban water pollution, among which it is crucial to take measures to avoid the "channelization" of urban rivers. First, if financial resources permit, gradually establish an independent urban sewage system and build a sewage treatment center to change the phenomenon of using rivers as sewage ditches to directly discharge sewage; second, renovate the landscape on both sides of the river and demolish illegal buildings , relocate heavily polluting enterprises, and pay attention to retaining the original form of the river during remediation to avoid the hardening of the river bed cement and loss of self-purification capabilities; third, on this basis, publicize the benefits of maintaining the beautiful landscape of the river to the residents, and expand the scope of door-to-door garbage collection in urban areas , and at the same time take supporting punitive measures to gradually enhance the public's awareness of environmental protection [5].
In response to the serious problem of industrial wastewater discharge along the Meijiang River, the Meizhou Municipal Government has increased its management efforts and demolished a number of polluting enterprises, such as the former Meixian Dongfeng Cement Factory and Meixian Iron and Steel Factory. The papermaking industry was ordered to make rectifications, requiring it to follow the path of cleaner production and stop making its own pulp. In 2003, the city implemented 11 industrial wastewater treatment projects, with an investment of 1.28 million yuan, 7 wastewater treatment projects completed, and an additional wastewater treatment capacity of 3020t/d
Data provided by Meizhou Jiangnan Sewage Treatment Plant . . In order to avoid following the old path of pollution first and treatment later, the government has stepped up efforts to clean the Meijiang River.
In March 2004, the Jiangnan Sewage Treatment Plant (Figure 18.3) with a total investment of 65 million yuan was put into operation. In that year, it treated 7.72 million tons of sewage, including 5.14 million tons of domestic sewage, with a treatment rate of 30.6; Dabu, Xingning The construction of sewage treatment plants in Fengshun and Fengshun has started, with a total investment of 22.73 million yuan; Meicheng continues to carry out water oil recovery management. Since last year, more than 150 tons of waste oil discharged from the urban catering industry have been recycled and used, which has greatly reduced the wastewater pollution load and protected Meicheng. The water quality of the river system; in terms of water resources protection, the city has designated 37 first-level water source protection zones with an area of 314.69km2, of which the Qingliangshan Reservoir drinking water source protection zone covers an area of 109km2
"Meizhou Daily" (2005 -06-05). .
Generally speaking, Meizhou’s urban sewage treatment is far from adequate. First, we must improve the efficiency of the Jiangnan sewage treatment plant to avoid repeating the mistakes of some domestic sewage treatment plants that "basked in the sun"; secondly, speed up the site selection and construction of the Jiangbei sewage treatment plant and improve the sewage treatment rate of the entire city; thirdly, as soon as possible Improve the sewage treatment system in each county (city, district); fourth, we must strictly implement the relevant provisions in the "Notice on Rectifying Sewage and Oil Fume Pollution from Catering Industry in Meizhou City". The environmental protection administrative department should effectively perform its duties and strengthen pollution prevention and control. Supervision and management; fifth, relevant functional departments such as industry and commerce, health, planning and urban construction, etc., should coordinate with the environmental protection administrative department to rectify discharged sewage and oil fume pollution according to their respective responsibilities.
18.3.3 Strengthening the management of groundwater resources
The development, utilization and protection of groundwater is not only a resource management issue, but also a planning and construction issue, which is closely related to urban development. The layout and location of water source wells must comply with urban planning requirements. At the same time, the amount of extraction must be strictly controlled to prevent ground subsidence. Meizhou City has precedents in this regard. For example, on August 20, 2004, a sudden change in groundwater level caused a large-scale subsidence in Shuangtou Town, Wuhua County, destroying 725 houses and stores, of which nearly 200 houses were seriously damaged, 2.1km of roads, and small bridges were destroyed. Two buildings and 8 subsidences affected 445 households and 2,611 people, with direct economic losses reaching 155 million yuan
"Meizhou Daily" (2004-08-21). .
Groundwater is a relatively high-quality water source and should be mainly used as urban domestic water. In areas where urban public water supply is accessible, self-prepared water sources should no longer be developed and self-provided water should be strictly controlled and gradually reduced. Prepare water extraction volume and gradually close captive wells. Groundwater extraction in the car wash industry should be strictly managed to prevent resource loss. For areas where surface water is available, groundwater should be used as a strategic reserve or the city’s second water source on the basis of ensuring a balance between extraction and replenishment (Figure 18.3).
Figure 18.3 Meizhou Jiangnan Sewage Treatment Plant
18.3.4 Exploring the secondary recovery and utilization of sewage
The reuse of urban sewage is a recent trend. In recent years, many experts and scholars have discussed how to solve the problem of urban water shortage. 80% of the urban water supply is converted into sewage, of which 70% can be recycled again after collection and treatment. This means that through sewage reuse, the available water in cities and towns can be increased by more than 50% while the existing water supply remains unchanged [6]. For Meicheng, increasing the amount of water resources available by 50% means reducing the cost of water supply projects and alleviating the possible shortage of water resources in the next few years. It is also an important manifestation of adhering to the sustainable development of water resources.
After domestic sewage is treated and reaches the prescribed water quality standards, non-potable water that can be reused within a certain range is usually called gray water [7]. Gray water can be widely used: first, as a low-quality water source. After treatment, industrial wastewater can replace fresh water as a low-quality water source, such as cooling water for thermal power plants. Second, it is used for irrigation. Agriculture does not have high requirements for water quality. Wastewater can be used for farmland irrigation, garden irrigation, etc. after regeneration. Third, it is used for daily water use in some cities. Treated sewage can also be used as a water source that does not come into direct contact with the human body. Such as flushing toilets, watering flowers, flushing cars, urban water environment landscape, etc.
Urban sewage is also a resource. With the construction and development of sewage treatment facilities, the amount of urban sewage treatment is increasing year by year. The issue of sewage resource utilization should be put on the important agenda. First of all, it is necessary to make overall planning, adapt to local conditions, adopt a combination of centralization and decentralization, and economically and reasonably determine the construction scale and treatment process of sewage reuse facilities. Secondly, for some industrial water and municipal, environmental sanitation and ecological landscape water, treated sewage can be used. It is necessary to use a strategic vision to comprehensively plan and coordinate to solve the problem of water shortage. Third, on the basis of overall planning of water resources, a comprehensive economic and technical comparison should be made between long-distance water transfer and reuse after sewage treatment, so as to make more economical and reasonable use of existing water resources. Fourth, we must scientifically determine the order of water supply sources, so that surface water comes first, then underground water, local water comes first, and transit water comes last.
Although the promotion of sewage resource utilization in Meicheng is still limited by technical, financial and other conditions, the development and utilization of medium water resources is a powerful means to solve the future water pressure in Meicheng and alleviate the urban water resources problems. , it is still of great guiding significance for the future water management of this city.