A brief introduction of Confucius is about 2000 words.

■ Confucius (55 BC/KLOC-0 BC/-479 BC) was a thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Famous mountain, the word Zhong Ni. Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province) was born. Ancestors are aristocrats of the Song Dynasty. Jin Mu, the father of the fifth ancestor, took refuge in Lu, and later decided to avoid Lu. My father, uncle, is a warrior of Lu. He is famous for his bravery.

■ Confucius lost his father at the age of 3, and moved to the sparrow with his mother Yan Zhizhai and was taught by him. When Confucius was young, he was "a child's play, forbidding the army as a gift." . When I was a child, my family was poor. 15 years old was determined to study. The dragon, on the other hand, became a "Commissioner" in charge of warehouses and a "farmer" in charge of cattle and sheep. He is open-minded and eager to learn, and has no regular teacher. According to legend, he invited Li to learn the truth of being a man from Changhong and the piano from the teacher. At the age of 30, he has become a well-known local scholar, and started a private school under his tutelage. Its ideological core is "benevolence", and "benevolence" means "love". He regards "benevolence" as the norm and purpose of benevolence, so that "benevolence" and "courtesy" can be used mutually. It is advocated that rulers should govern the people with virtue and treat others with courtesy, so as to reproduce the prosperous time of the Western Zhou Dynasty when "rites and music were conquered from the emperor" and realize their ideal of "great harmony".

■ At the age of 35, Confucius left because of civil strife in Lu. In order to get close, he became a vassal of the nobles of Qi State. The following year, Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about political affairs. Confucius said, "A monarch should be like a monarch, a minister should be like a minister, a father should be like a father, and a son should be like a son." Gong Jing appreciated it very much and wanted to use Confucius, but Yan Ying and Qi Xiang stopped him and had to give up. I want to return to Shandong as soon as possible, continue to learn knowledge and train my disciples. 5 1 year-old, served as the governor in the capital of Lu (now a local official in Wenshang West). The result of good governance is "one year, all directions follow". At the age of 52, he was promoted from Zhongduzai to an ordinary scout in Lu. In 500 BC (the tenth year of Lu), Lu and Qi joined forces in Oracle bones, and Confucius put forward that "those who have military affairs must have equipment, and those who have military affairs must have equipment". Trying to intimidate Lu Jun into submission, Confucius reprimanded him with courtesy, which saved national dignity, so that Qi Huangong had to agree to form an alliance to make peace and return Lu 'an and the three places to Lu. When Confucius was 54 years old, he was entrusted by Ji to take pictures. In order to improve the authority of the monarch, he put forward the idea of "reducing the three capitals" and restraining the three Huan (Dr. Lu San), but the result was opposed by the three doctors and failed. At the age of 55, the monarch and minister of Lu accepted the beauty presented by Qi, and indulged in debauchery all day long. Disappointed, Confucius abandoned his official position and left Shandong, leading his disciples around the world to find another opportunity to display his talents. During this time, he worked for more than 70 emperors, but nothing happened. In 484 BC (eleven years), Ji Kangzi of Lu listened to the persuasion of Confucius disciples and sent someone to pick him up from Weiguo.

■ Confucius returned to Lu, although he was honored as an "old man in the country", but he was still not reused. Instead of seeking official positions, he continued to devote himself to education and document arrangement. He trained more than 3,000 disciples in his life, 72 of whom were proficient in six arts (etiquette, music, archery, imperial defense, calligraphy and mathematics). In the teaching practice, the teaching spirit of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, paying equal attention to learning and thinking, drawing inferences from others, inspiring and inducing, never tire of learning and never tire of teaching, and the learning attitude of "knowing what they know, not knowing what they don't know" and "not ashamed to ask questions" are praised by later generations. He deleted poems, wrote books, ordered rites and music, revised Chunqiu, and comprehensively sorted out China's ancient literature. Grow old together with Yi, and reach the realm of "Bian Wei's Three Musts".

■ At the age of 69, his only son Kong Li died. 7 1 year-old, Yan Hui, a favorite pupil, died of illness. Confucius was extremely sad and sighed: "Heaven has fallen! The sky is lost! " This year, someone caught a monster named Lin in Luxi and died soon. He thought that the appearance and death of Kirin, a symbol of kindness and good fortune, was an ominous sign of chaos in the world, so he stopped compiling the book Spring and Autumn Annals. At the age of 72, I was deeply saddened to learn that my son had died in a national disaster. The following year (479 BC), in February of the summer calendar, Confucius fell ill for 7 days and died.

■ The main words and deeds of Confucius' life were compiled into The Analects by his disciples and re-disciples, which became the classics of later Confucianism.

Two. The life of Confucius

According to textual research, Confucius' sixth ancestor was Kong Fujia, a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He worked as a Fu and was killed in the civil strife in the imperial court. His son Mu fled to Lu to avoid genocide. From then on, Kong settled down in this city and became a Lu native.

■ Confucius' father's name is Ge, and his mother's name is Yan Zhizai. Shu Lianggan was a famous warrior in Lu at that time. He made two military exploits and worked as a doctor in Qiaoyi. Shu married Shi first, gave birth to nine daughters and no children. He married another concubine and gave birth to a son named Bernie, also named Meng Pi. There was something wrong with Meng Pi's foot, and Shu was very dissatisfied, so he married Yan Zhizai again. At that time, Shu was 66 years old and Yan Zhizai was less than 20 years old.

■ Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) in 55 BC1year (the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu). Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child on Niqiu Mountain, they named it Qiuzi. When Confucius was three years old, he died, and the Confucius family became the world of historians. Historians are evil. Meng Pi's biological mother was abused by historians and died one year before her death in Shu. Confucius and his mother were not tolerated by historians, so Yan Zhizai, the mother of Confucius, had to move to Qufu Que with Confucius and Meng Pi, and her life was difficult. Confucius/kloc-died when he was 0/7 years old.

■ 19 years old, Confucius married the daughter of an official in the Song Dynasty. A year later, the official gave birth to a son, and Lu sent someone to congratulate him. Confucius felt honored and named his son carp.

Three. Chronology of Confucius

1 year: 55 BC1year (twenty-two years of Lu Xianggong)

Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). Because parents pray for children.

Yuniqiu Mountain, hence its name Qiu, hence its name.

There are two kinds of records about Confucius' date of birth, with a difference of one year. Today, from the historical records of Confucius family.

3 years old: 549 BC (twenty-four years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

His father Liang Shu died and was buried in Fangshan (now 25 miles east of Qufu). Yan Zhi, the mother of Confucius, moved to Qufu with her son.

Quelli's life is very difficult.

5 years old: 547 BC (twenty-six years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

Qin Shangsheng, a native of Shandong, was a disciple of Confucius.

6 years old: 546 BC (twenty-seven years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

My brother was born in Ceng Dian. He is Zeng Shen's father.

7 years old: 545 BC (twenty-eight years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

Disciple Yan Yaosheng, also known as Wu Yaosheng, is Yan Yuan's father.

8 years old: 544 BC (twenty-nine years of Duke Xiang of Lu)

Disciple Ran Gengsheng was born in Lu.

10 years old: 542 BC (thirty-one year of Duke Xiang of Lu)

Disciples Zhong Yousheng, Zi Luzi and Bian Ren.

When Duke Xiang of Lu died, his son Zhou succeeded to the throne for good reasons.

12 years old: 540 BC (the second year of Lu)

Disciple Qi Diaokai was born, and Zi Ruo was born in Cai.

15 years old: 537 BC (five years of Lu)

Confucius learned more and more and realized that he should study hard the skills of being a man and living, so he said, "I am ten."

There are five, determined to learn. "("The Analects of Confucius governing ")

16 years old, 536 BC (six years in Lu)

Zheng Zhu executed the tripod.

Disciple Min Shousheng was born in Lu.

17 years old: 535 BC (six years of Lu)

Confucius Yan Zhizhai died.

This year. Ji's family gave a banquet to entertain the first-class aristocrats. Confucius went to the banquet, but yang hu, the home minister of Ji's family, turned him away.

19 years old: 533 BC (the ninth year of Lu)

Confucius married the daughter of an official in the Song Dynasty.

20 years old: 532 BC (the tenth year of Lu)

Guan Qi's son. It is said that Lu gave the carp to Confucius at this time, so he named his son carp.

Carp, the word "fish".

It was in that year that Confucius began to be a Commissioner and manage the warehouse.

2 1 year: 53 BC1year (11th year of Lu Dynasty).

That year, Confucius changed his land to manage animal husbandry. Confucius said, "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise."

(The Analects of Confucius Zi Han) Such "despicable things" should include "entrusting officials" and "occupying farmland".

In 525 BC (the seventeenth year of Lu), he was twenty-seven.

When Tan Zi was facing Lu, Confucius asked Tan Zi about the ancient official system of Tan Guo.

Confucius set up private schools around.

30 years old: 522 BC (twenty years of Lu)

It has been more than 15 years since he was fifteen years old, and Confucius has gained a firm foothold in society through hard work.

Therefore, the cloud "stands at thirty." ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")

1920 and Yan ying visited Lu Qi Jinggong, met Confucius and discussed Qin Mugong with Confucius.

How to control it.

Disciples Yan Hui, ran yong, Ran Qiu, Shang Qu, Liang? Healthy. Back to the deep word, and the middle bow, seeking the word,

Qu Zi Zi Mu, a native of Shandong; ? The word uncle fish, qi people.

3 1 year: 52 BC1year (twenty-first year of Shandong).

Disciples Mashi Wu, Gao Chai and Mickey were born. Zi Zi Shi Zi, Chen Guoren; Chai is tall and Qi is a local.

Uneven words are cheap, Lu people.

Thirty-two years old: 520 BC (twenty-two years of Lu)

Disciple Duanmu Ci was born, endowed with tribute, and a patriot.

34 years old: 5 18 BC (twenty-four years of Lu)

Meng and uncle Jing of Nangong learned manners from Confucius.

According to legend, Confucius and Uncle Jingnan of Nangong paid tribute to the old employees and asked them to have fun with Changhong.

35 years old: 5 17 BC (twenty-five years of Lu)

There is civil strife in Lu. "Historical Records Confucius Family" said: "Zhao Gong led the troops to attack (season) Ping Zi Heping Zi.

Attack with and be defeated. "Confucius also arrived this year.

Qi State.

36 years old in 5 16 BC (twenty-six years of Lu)

Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son". Confucius got it

Appreciated by Qi Jinggong, Gong Jing tried to seal the hole with mud, but was stopped by Yan Zi.

Confucius was so fascinated by Shao in Qi State that he didn't know the meat flavor in March.

37 years old: 5 15 BC (twenty-seven years of Lu)

Doctor Qi wanted to harm Confucius, and Confucius returned to Lu from Qi.

The son of Wu Gongzi was hired, and his son died and was buried between Ying and Bo. Confucius went to see his funeral.

My brother was born in Xu Fan and Yuan County. The word will be late, and Lu Guo will enter; Xian Zisi was born in Song Dynasty.

38 years old: 5 14 BC (twenty-eight years of Lu)

Xianzi (Shu Ming) was in power in Jin and Wei Dynasties, and he promoted talents regardless of personal relationship. Confucius thought it was a just act,

As the saying goes, "those who are close to you are righteous, and those who are far away are lifted."

39 years old, 5 13 BC (twenty-nine years of Lu)

The tripod was cast in the Jin Dynasty last winter, and it has been "died of gold, lost in degrees"

40 years old: 5 12 BC (thirty years in Shandong)

After decades of tempering, I have a clearer understanding of various problems in life, so I am self-sufficient.

"Forty without confusion".

Disciple Tan Taiming was born. Yu, Lu people.

4 1 year: 5 1 1 year BC (thirty-one years in Shandong)

Brother joy chen Kang Sheng. Kang Ziqin, Chen Guoren.

42 years old: 5 10 BC (thirty-two years in Lu)

Zhao Gong pawns and goes public.

Forty-three years old: 509 BC (the first year of Lu)

My brother was born in Chisheng, Gong Xi. Thanks to China, Lu people.

Forty-five years old: 507 BC (three years in Lu)

Disciple Shang Bo was born. Shang, a patriotic man.

Forty-six years old: 506 BC (four years in Lu)

Disciple Yan Yan was born. There are swallows, Wu people.

In 505 BC (five years of Lu), he was 47 years old.

Disciples Zeng Shen and Yan. Son of god, Lu people. Fortunately, it is Lu.

Forty-eight years old: 504 BC (six years of Lu)

Yang hu, the retainer of Ji's surname, became increasingly powerful. Confucius called it "accompanying ministers in national life." ("The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi")

"Historical Records Confucius Family" says: "Accompany the minister to govern the country. ..... So Confucius refused to be an official and retired.

Poetry, book, ceremony and music attracted many disciples, and they all came from afar. "

Yanghu wants to see Confucius, but Confucius doesn't want to see Yanghu and the latter two meet on the road. Yanghu advised Confucius to be an official,

Confucius did not make a clear statement. It should have been done for five years or six years.

Forty-nine years old: 503 BC (the seventh year of Lu)

Teachers, students and disciple Zhuan Sun. Teacher Zhang Zi, Chen Guoren.

50 years old: 502 BC (eight years of Lu)

Claiming to be "fifty knows the destiny." ("The Analects of Confucius for Politics")

Gong Shan didn't betray Ji Jia for a fee, which made people call Confucius, and the cave was blocked by the road.

5 1 year: 50 BC1year (nine years in Shandong)

Confucius ruled Zhongdu for one year and achieved remarkable results.

Disciples Ran Lu,,, and Uncle Zhong Huisheng. Lu Ziluzi, a native of Lu State: Xunzi,

Cai Guoren: Analysis by Qian Zi and Lu Guoren; High words are arrogant, and Lu people: they must be literate. Lu people.

52 years old: 500 BC (ten years of Lu)

Confucius was promoted to small sikong, and later to big Sikou, taking pictures. In summer, Ding Gong and Qi Hou will be in

Confucius on Oracle bones was wary of Lu Jun's invitation to Oracle bones in Qi State, and made preparations in advance, so he not only robbed Qi State.

Qi's plot to seek some kind of public office failed, and he was forced to promise to return Lu 'an, Shan 'an and Lu 'an.

Waiting for land.

53 years old: 499 BC (11th year of Lu)

Confucius was Lu Sikou and Lu Zhiguo.

Fifty-four years old: 498 BC (the twelfth year of Lu)

Confucius is a Confucian. In order to weaken the Third Ring Road, measures were taken to capture the three capitals. Uncle Sun Shi and Ji Sun's family weakened the family.

The ministers supported Confucius' idea, but this action was resisted by Shi's retainer and his father.

Stone secretly supports the public adoption of the father. The action of falling into Sandu fell by the wayside.

Disciple Gongsun Longsheng. When the dragon word was written, it came from Chu.

Fifty-five years old: 497 BC (thirteenth year of Lu)

In spring, Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu. Ji accepted female music, and the monarch and his subjects were obsessed with singing and dancing for many days.

Manage state affairs. Confucius was at odds with Ji's family. Confucius left Shandong to defend the country.

In October, Confucius was injured by slanders and left Weiguo for Chen. Passing through Kuang, surrounded. Houhoupu

Naturally, Confucius and his disciples were besieged when his uncle rebelled against Wei. Then I went back to Dewey.

In 496 BC (the 14th year of Lu), he was 56 years old.

Confucius was summoned by Wei Linggong's wife Nanzi in Weiguo.

Lutz criticized Confucius for reading Nanzi.

After hearing this news, Confucius was very sad and praised Zi Chan as "the legacy of ancient times".

57 years old: 495 BC (the fifteenth year of Lu)

Confucius went to Julu. In the summer of May, Lu died and was made public.

58 years old: 494 BC (Ai Lu AD).

Confucius lived in Lu, and the State of Wu sent someone to hire Lu to ask Confucius about the "special car for festivals".

59 years old: 493 BC (two years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius went from Lu to Wei. Asked Chen (array) about Confucius, he was politely refused. Confucius

If you can't live in Weiguo, go to Weixi. Go to Guo Song via Cao Guo. Song Sima Huan? (Left Ghost and Right Wei)

Hate Confucius, threatened to harm Confucius, and Confucius left anonymously.

60 years old: 492 BC (three years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius claimed to be "sixty and obedient."

Confucius crossed the State of Zheng and went to the State of Chen. He was separated from his disciples in the capital of Zheng and waited for his disciples to come to him alone at the East Gate.

Laughed at by people, they called it a "lost dog". Confucius smiled happily and said, "Yes, yes!"

6 1 year: 49 BC1year (four years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius abandoned Chen and voted for Cai.

62 years old: 490 BC (five years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius from Cai to Ye. Ye Gong asked Confucius about politics and discussed the moral issues of integrity with Confucius.

On his way back to Cai, Confucius met a hermit

63 years old: 489 BC (six years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius and his disciples were trapped between Chen and Cai. Many disciples fell ill because of hunger and were later rescued by the Chu people.

I met a hermit on my way back to Wei from Chu.

64 years old: 488 BC (seven years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius is defending. Advocating to clear one's name before defending the country.

65 years old: 487 BC (eight years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius is defending. That was the year when Wu Wolu was defeated. Confucius' disciples contributed to the war.

66 years old: 486 BC (nine years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius is defending.

67 years old: 485 BC (ten years in Lu Aigong)

Confucius is defending.

Mrs. Confucius died as an official.

68 years old: 484 BC (11th year of Lu Aigong).

In the same year, Qi defeated Lu, and Confucius disciple Ran Youshuai fought against Qi and won. Ji Kangzi asked Ran if he had an order.

Where do talents come from? You Ran replied, "Learning is to Confucius". Ji Kangzi sent someone to welcome Kong with money.

Kong 14 travels around the world, which is the end.

Ji Kangzi wanted to be a "land tax", but Confucius opposed it. Kong Yu said to You Ran, "A gentleman's trip is also polite.

Take what is thick, what is thick, and what is thin. If so, the hill will be enough. "

69 years old: 483 BC (12th year of Lu Aigong).

Confucius still had a heart for politics, but it was not used. Confucius continued to engage in education and literature work.

Kong Li, the son of Confucius, died.

70 years old: 482 BC (13th year of Lu Aigong).

Confucius said that "seventy can be done, not exceeding the moment." Yan Hui died, and Confucius was very sad.

7 1 year: 48 BC1year (14th year of Lu Aigong).

That spring, hunting paid off. Confucius thought this was not a good sign and said, "I am poor." So stop it.

Revise the Spring and Autumn Period.

In June, Qi was killed, and when he met the Third Ring Road, he asked Lu to send troops to attack.

Did not get support.

72 years old: 480 BC (15th year of Lu Aigong).

When Kong Yuwen heard about the coup in Weiguo, he had a premonition that Lutz's life was at stake. Luz was killed. Confucius was very sad.

73 years old: 479 BC (16th year of Lu Aigong).

In April, Confucius fell ill and died. Buried in Lucheng North. Lu Aigong said, "How? The sky is not hanging,

If you don't leave an old man, you will be left alone in the office, and you will feel sorry for yourself. Alas! Father! No self-discipline "

Many disciples kept the tomb for three years, and Zigong kept the tomb for six years. Hundreds of disciples and Lu people came home from the tomb.

His name is Kong Li. Confucius' former residence was changed into a temple, and Confucius was worshipped by people.