Japanese surname
In Japan, surnames come from several sources:
One is the enfeoffment system, that is, the surname given by the ancient emperor or shogunate.
Second, the branches of the same clan, such as Xintianjia and Ashikaga, are separated from Genji.
Third, influenced by occupation and living environment, this kind of surname is the most. For example, surnames involving farmland include Ueda, Nakata, Xia Tian, Xitian, Beitian and Nantian; Geographical location close to the field, there are Yamada, Lintian, Kawada, Ikeda, Morita and Tsuda; Temple field, Kanda field and Miyata related to architecture; Nagata, Hirota, Ota and Hosoda related to shapes; Kameyama and Tsukida hope to live a long life; There are plants related to Song Tian, Mei Tian, Sangtian, Zhutian, Tianshan, Sakura, Chai Tian and Lutian; As for the surnames of Yoshida, Toyota, Futian, Tian Fei, Yitian, Hotan and Zengtian, there are some personal wishes. There are many surnames related only to Tian Zi. Another example is the mountain, mountain pass, mountain middle, mountain village, mountain root, mountain interior, yamamoto and so on. Kawakami, Kawaguchi, Kawauchi, Kawamoto, Kawamura, Chuan Dao, Kawalu, Kawamura? # 124; Wait; Inoue, well exit, well entrance, well flow, well string, well hand, well pumping, well village, well planting, well inauguration, well squatting, well plain, well? # 124; , Jing Teng, etc. ; Other surnames related to stone, wood, rock, animals and plants are too numerous to mention.
Fourth, surnames related to numbers. For example, 10 thousand, a book: one color: one music, one palace, one circle, two views, two trees, two palaces, two halls, two leaf pavilions, three trees, three wells, three valleys, three pools and four? Ancient, Wumu, Fifty Lan, Wudao, Wuwei, Liufanyuan, Qitiao, Bamu, Batian, Bagan, Baqie, Baban, Eighty Island, Jiugui Island, Jiuqi, Chiba, Qiantou, etc.
5. Other surnames, such as Sima, Lin, Si and Sen influenced by China; Fire wild family and water wild family; There are even people named Wa, Bubu, Shigeng (it should be a farming family for generations), Mo, Li and Jin. For example, in 1945, the surname of the Prime Minister was Yuan Yuan, and he was a former Prime Minister. # 124; There are many strange surnames such as the anti-machi surname of the manager of Beijing Fire and Marine Insurance Company.
In fact, there are still quite a few surnames in Japan that are pronounced first, and then they find their favorite words in Chinese characters and then put them into use, so they often encounter the situation that business cards can't be read in their hands. At this time, there is no other way but to discuss with each other. I think, big charity, temples, unbreakable, Ghana, service stations, etc. This should be the case! The obvious examples are Yumu, Yucheng and Yuzhi. These three surnames have the same pronunciation, but the second Chinese character is completely different, and even the meanings of the words have nothing in common. The only explanation is that surnames are different, and pronunciation comes first.
Japanese names usually write their surnames first, but when translated into western languages, they are often changed to surnames first and spelled in Roman characters according to the original Japanese pronunciation. Since 195 1, the Japanese government proposed to restrict the use of uncommon characters in personal names, there are more and more people with the same surname in Japan, so some people advocate using "pseudonyms" instead of Chinese characters. But now the repetition rate of pseudonyms is getting higher and higher, so there is a hybrid of Chinese pseudonyms and plain films, which makes no sense, just to distinguish duplicate names. Therefore, in translation, I don't think it is necessary to translate those pseudonyms specially, because the Japanese themselves don't think so much, and their purpose is to avoid too many duplicate names.
Japanese surnames are not only numerous, but also complicated in pronunciation and Chinese characters. There are several or even a dozen Chinese characters in homophone surnames, and the same Chinese character will have several pronunciations. For example: ささき can write Sasaki, Sasaki, Sasaki, Sasaki, Tomb, Que and so on. If the surname is ことぅ, you can write Goto, Goto, Goto, Wu Tong, Jiangteng, Niutou, Wudao, Houdao, etc., and the same is true for names. じゅんこ can be Jun Zi, Jun Zi, Dunzi and Runzi. Japanese surnames are so complicated that I don't even know how to pronounce them myself, and I don't know how to write Chinese characters when I hear names.