Tianjin people do their best.
Still the previous point of view. I believe this thing must be useful and responsive. If it is not good for a long time, the people will not believe it. To put it bluntly, the essence of folk beliefs is trading.
For example, the Jade Emperor Pavilion. Not now, just before liberation. It was because the people thought it was "ineffective" at that time that its fragrance was not as good as that of the Tianhou Palace next door (since the Qing Dynasty). 1956 was even demolished and turned into a primary school.
Nature worship
Heaven worship
Heaven, earth, sun, moon, stars, fire, water, lightning, mountains and rivers, etc. But we in China worship nature, which is obviously different from other countries or civilizations. We will personify these natural things. For example, the Jade Emperor represents heaven, Mother Earth represents the earth, the 28-star king, Dian Mu the Thunder Lord, the Four Seas Dragon King, and so on, including Tianhou, which is actually a sea god.
This is different from Tulloss people's simple worship of heaven. Now the two words Kunlun and Qilian come from the northeast language, meaning "Tian" (Qilian and Kunlun by Mr. Lin Haicun). In other words, Tuhuoluo people also worship "heaven", but they are different from the Central Plains people and turn heaven into people.
This man is the Jade Emperor.
The jade emperor surnamed Zhang is the crown prince of the country. His mother's name is Bao. According to legend, Bao dreamed of the old gentleman and then gave birth to the Jade Emperor. Later, I gave up the throne, and it was boring to be an emperor. Before he became the Jade Emperor, he robbed a temple in the mountains for132,000 yuan.
In Tianjin, we believe that the evidence of the Jade Emperor is the Jade Emperor Pavilion of this era, and the dialect is pronounced Gao.
At that time, this building complex was still spectacular: the mountain gate, the archway, the main hall, the attached hall, the bell and drum tower, the hexagonal pavilion and so on. But now all you can see is Qingxu Pavilion. Throughout the Jade Emperor Pavilion, a bronze statue of the Jade Emperor is enshrined on the second floor of Qingxu Pavilion. This bronze statue should be regarded as a very precious cultural relic. Looks like the emperor of Qin and Han dynasties, twelve crowns and nine robes and so on. At a certain time, this bronze statue ... supported the construction, and it did not necessarily become something else in any copper factory.
As I said just now, the Jade Emperor Pavilion began in the Qing Dynasty, because it was not very clever and there was no miracle. The incense is not so good, most buildings are broken. Results 1956 All buildings except Qingxu Pavilion were demolished.
The old gentleman who lives in the city should know Yuhuangge Primary School. At this point, all religious activities in the Jade Emperor Pavilion disappeared. Before that, the jade emperor's birthday was the ninth day of the first month, and the jade emperor's patrol day was the 25th day of the twelfth month. Jade Emperor Pavilion is very lively. There will also be mobile vendors at the gate, which is an important temple fair in Tianjin.
The present Qingxu Pavilion was renovated and opened in 200 1 year. But there seems to be no major religious activities.
Worship and belief in the land
Heaven is to the earth, rain is to the wind, and the mainland is to the sky. We'll talk when we're done.
The land worship mentioned here is not the land god, but the mother earth. Although the land Lord is also a kind of belief, he even married a wife in the later period-the land Lord's grandmother gave it to the land Lord. But the land Lord belongs to the kind of fairy who manages a small area. He is in charge of everything, seeking peace, wealth and harvest, even the dead. For example, after someone dies, he will go to the earth temple to burn a table for sacrifice, saying that he will report to the earth god. Is to give an account to the dead in the underworld.
Who is this Mother Earth? Mother Earth is also a great fairy, as famous as the Jade Emperor, and also known as Mother Earth. Mother Earth got a fish as a mount, which looks amiable. Just like the majestic image of the jade emperor.
In Tianjin, people worship Mother Earth mainly for children and prosperity. So where is Mother Earth enshrined? It is also the Tianhou Palace. On March 18th of the lunar calendar, people in Tianjin line up to pay tribute to Mother Earth. Until more than 50 years ago, Mother Earth was completely destroyed. Later, when the Tianhou Palace was rebuilt in the 1980s, the goddess of mother and daughter did not recover, and there was no belief in mother and daughter in Tianjin.
Sun and moon worship
Let's talk about the sun and the moon. Let's talk about them together. In the eyes of ordinary people, the sun and the moon are a man and a woman-the so-called Sun Star King and Moon Star King.
Jade Emperor Pavilion and Tianhou Palace have offerings. These two immortals also have birthdays. The sun was born on the first day of the second lunar month, and everyone knows that the moon is on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month.
Worship the sun god, it is more interesting to sacrifice with sugar cakes. On the first day of February, neighbors give candy cakes to each other. In the Republic of China, this belief and custom declined, and then it was completely gone.
. But this August 15th must have been handed down, this Mid-Autumn Festival. All family reunions, moon viewing and eating moon cakes have been preserved and passed down, but some have disappeared, such as this rabbit, which seems to exist only in Beijing now.
There used to be one in Tianjin. Look at this candy man. Every August 15, he pinches a candy rabbit with long ears and a tunic. Most parents will buy one for their children.
Description (maximum 18 words)
Yue Bai also has customs, but now there is no customs in Tianjin. At that time, women came to Yue Bai, but men did not participate. The so-called women don't sacrifice stoves, and men don't Yue Bai. Yue Bai, this is interesting. In addition to making an altar to offer sacrifices, there is another activity, that is, going to the moon for divination.
How? Just buy some small crabs at home and stick a small candle on their shells. Then let the crabs crawl around the yard, and predict good or bad luck through the position of the crabs and the stopping point.
Star worship
For example, Fu Lushou Samsung.
The lucky star is Jupiter. This is also available now. As long as your family sticks the word "Fu" in the New Year, it is considered as a belief and worship of Fuxing.
Lu Xing is wenchang star, which is intertwined with Wen Quxing. If there are too many, it won't be launched. Anyway, it's a six-star Wenchang worship, also known as Kuixing. Generally speaking, it is management, fame and fortune. We used to have Wenchang Temple, Wenchang Pavilion, Yuhuang Pavilion, Tianhou Palace and Kuixing in Tianjin. According to legend, Wenchang God has two little boys, one is deaf in the sky and the other is dumb on the ground. These are two people who can keep a secret.
As for the birthday girl, it should be pure fiction, and there seems to be no corresponding one in the sky. The life span of a supervisor is very long.
There are three official stars, and this is the third brother, collectively known as the three officials. They are heaven, earth and water. The so-called god bless the people, local officials forgive sins, and water officials slow down. The three brothers are half-brothers, and the father's surname is Chen, who is human. Although the three brothers are not the same mother, they have the same grandfather. The three daughters of the Dragon King took a fancy to the handsome teacher Chen at the same time and gave birth to three.
The Big Dipper is also a god that Tianjin people worship very much. Worship the Big Dipper needs to be in the Jade Emperor Pavilion, because there is the tablet of the Big Dipper.
And DOM. Who is the end? It is the precious moonlight we just talked about, the mother of the Jade Emperor. Queen Bao gave birth to nine children. The eldest is the Jade Emperor, and the second is Polaris and Wei Zi. The other seven brothers make up the Big Dipper.
Generally, Tianjin people worship Doum and go to the Jade Emperor Pavilion and Tianhou Palace. Now, you can go to the Tianhou Palace to see the idol of doom. Three eyes, four heads and eight arms. The ninth day of September is Dawn's birthday. Tianjin people come to the Jade Emperor Pavilion or Tianhou Palace to celebrate Dawn's birthday, praying for a long life and avoiding disasters.
In addition, Tianjin people will also worship Cowherd and Vega on Tanabata. But it's all about girls and women, and no men are involved. Girls only worship the weaver girl and pray for a pair of skillful hands. They will get a bowl and a sewing needle. Take a needle and throw it into this bowl. According to the orientation of the needle, divination is coincidence or misfortune.
Women, cowherd and weaver girl worship together and pray for the harmony of the bed. You say this, the husband and wife only meet once a year, where can they be harmonious? In addition, it seems a bit unkind that people have to care about mortals so easily satisfied.
Leigong Dian Mu, Herb, Poseidon and Vulcan.
Other natural worship, as well as tripterygium wilfordii Dian Mu, herb, Poseidon and Vulcan (far more than these) and so on.
To be exact, Lei Gong Dian Mu is a system. The two of them have a lot of immortal possessions, mainly to manage the good weather and the like, the agricultural society. But they are also responsible for some things that contribute to judicial justice. For example, ordinary people will think that whoever has done many bad things will be beheaded by Lei Gong.
Hebo doesn't quite believe in Tianjin. The God of the Yellow River may be a little far away from us. Only this Tianhou Palace has Hebo Hall, but Hebo Hall has no Hebo statue, which is for the Dragon King. Dragon Lord is definitely not just in Tianhou Palace. The Dragon King will be enshrined in various temples. The most famous one should be Qianfu Temple in the west.
Why? Because our Dragon King Club in Tianjin is jointly sponsored by Qianfu Temple and Huangyu Hall.
According to folklore, whenever there is a drought, the Dragon King will discuss this rainy policy with the Jade Emperor. Their large-scale seminar on taking precautions lasted for three days. It can't be that the jade emperor went to the dragon king, but that the dragon king went to the jade emperor. Who let others be superior leaders? As a result, this has become a traditional sacrificial act in Tianjin.
Every time the dragon king meets. People carried the gods of the Four Dragons from Qianfu Temple in the west to the Jade Emperor Pavilion. The journey was super lively. Selling things, beating gongs and drums, performing arts and so on. People will also set tables and place tributes along the way. Burn incense and pray.
The last Dragon King Club in Tianjin was held in 19 16. Coincidentally, it rained in Mao Mao when the Dragon King Market was held. Oh, people are more religious. They all say that the Dragon King appeared ~ ~ ~
Unexpectedly, the next year, 19 17! Prince Long looked very angry. There was a flood in Tianjin, and even Qianfu Temple itself was flooded. Since then, no one has ever held this Dragon King Conference. Faith in the dragon king disappeared.
Now, if you want to see the Four Seas Dragon King, you can go to Tianhou Palace. The North Hall of Tianhou Palace is also dedicated to the Four Seas Dragon King. But, alas, the Four Seas Dragon King became a laborer. They were arranged to be subordinates of Tianhou.
This should also talk about the most important belief in Tianjin, the belief in Tianhou. Maureen, a Fujian woman in the Northern Song Dynasty, later became a diva. She is the favorite goddess of Tianjin people.
With the development of the times, Tianhou Niangniang has also changed from the God of Hayes to a goddess with comprehensive functions. Everything from safe entry and exit to fame and fortune. Of course, the most important thing is to have a child deliver it. Thus, Huang Hui, the most important temple fair in Tianjin, was born.
With the worship and belief of the omnipotent goddess Maureen in Tianjin, the 16 Tianhou Temple appeared in the most prosperous era in Tianjin. However, only the ancient cultural street has been preserved in these Tianhou temples. A long time ago, that place was called Xiaozhigu outside the East Gate, corresponding to Dazhigu in Hedong. It is said that it was built in Kublai Khan's time. Even if it is controversial, it must have been built in the Yuan Dynasty. Incense will last for more than 50 years. The statue of Tianhou was destroyed and Tianhou Palace was used for other purposes.
1985, Tianhou Palace was rebuilt. Now all the statues in Tianhou Palace are products of 85 years later.
There will be a separate question about Tianhou Palace and Tianjin Huang Hui. This is going to be said in detail. Now put it aside and talk about animal beliefs.
Animal beliefs-fox, yellow, white, willow, grey, unicorn, horse, fish, bird and turtle.
There are roughly ten kinds of animal worship in Tianjin, including fox, yellow, white, willow, unicorn, horse, fish, turtle and a bird.
Fox, yellow, white, willow and ash are popular, and many people know them. Fox, weasel, hedgehog, snake, mouse. Some of them will be labeled as adults in Tianjin, and that name sounds like a neighbor next door. For example, great grandfather Hu San, great grandfather, old lady Bai and so on.
The most famous here should be the old lady Bai. Mrs. Bai is a hedgehog. We Tianjin people think that hedgehogs are mascots, representing wealth and good health. Therefore, the old lady Bai was enshrined in the Tianhou Palace. Have idols. Now you can also see the statue of the old lady Bai when you go to Tianhou Palace. This statue was donated by pilgrims of 1995, and the previous one is gone. This shows the weight of Mrs. Bai's faith in the hearts of ordinary people in Tianjin.
Let's not talk about this weasel fox snake, as long as there is an aura. And this belief is everywhere, and it is similar. Mice are similar. But some Tianjin people also regard mice as the god of wealth. I hope this clever and inscrutable little animal can bring home the fortune. Therefore, Yangliuqing New Year pictures, clay figurine Zhang Caisu and so on. There are descriptions of the mouse god, such as "the mouse marries".
Kirin, horse, fish, bird, turtle. These five are not as famous as the Five Immortals. But it should be a household name.
Kirin, in Tianjin, is mainly to send children and bless them to live a long life. Look at this unicorn's longevity lock. That's what it means.
Horse god, three-eyed horse owner. This is a bumper harvest.
Fish, look at New Year pictures, hang money and so on. Expressed for more than a year. I hope my life will be rich, such a wish.
Birds, mainly worship cranes, Tianjin people say Xianhao ~ which means praying for a long life.
Some people's worship of birds refers to Suzaku. This is basically not the belief of ordinary people. The so-called Suzaku is the twenty-eight stars and seven nights in the south, and it is also called the Four Gods with the Qinglong White Tiger Xuanwu.
Turtles had the function of Poseidon in ancient times. People thought turtles were spiritual and could be used as a medium for communication between man and heaven. Therefore, the tortoise, as a creature who knows good and bad luck, is used by many fortune tellers to calculate divination with its shell.
Terrible, Emperor Dongyue, Lord Huang Cheng
In addition to these worship beliefs about nature, Tianjin certainly has a belief in authentic immortals.
For example, many immortals such as Yan Ye, Dongyue Emperor, Ye and so on.
Great compassion hall is dedicated to Emperor Yan. Ordinary people are the dead who turn over. Pray for the dead and worship the devil.
Dongyue the Great is the God of Mount Tai. Mount Tai should be said to be a super important place in the myth system of China. Before the theory of Five Yue came into being, Yue specifically referred to Mount Tai. Emperor Dongyue, Bi Xia Yuan Jun, Fujun of Mount Tai, Naihe and Naihe Bridge in Mount Tai, after death, the soul returns to Mount Tai, which is collectively called Mount Tai Hell.
Nowadays, the housing prices in Tai 'an are associated with these myths. After that, I will go to Taishan again and do some videos and articles about the legend of Taishan ghosts and gods.
Let's get down to business. Tianjin people worship Dongyue the Great and regard Dongyue the Great as the king of the underworld. Kind of like praying for the dead. Dongyue Temple is just outside the east gate of the old city. But we Tianjin people are not called Dongyue Temple, but Tianqi Temple.
More than 70 years ago, the Apocalypse Temple became a complex. The worship of Dongyue the Great ceased to exist. But the name Apocalypse Temple existed until 2003. In 2003, Tianqimiao Hutong was demolished. It should be said that there is no trace of Dongyue Emperor since then.
As for the faith of the city god, I leave a button. One is because the space is too long. The other is that the temple fair of Chenghuang Temple is also very lively, which may not be as good as the Tianjin Imperial Society, but the scale of the whole temple fair is also one of the best. Therefore, I will incorporate this point into the later videos about Tianhou Palace and Tianjin Huang Hui.
What about behind us? Let's start with some folk gods. For example, master doorman, kitchen god, a group of immortals who sent their children, Buddhist paradise, God of Wealth, and even Guanyin Bodhisattva, as well as various medicine kings, Guan Laoye, Confucius Sage, Hehe Erxian, Bed God and Ma Gu, including the Eight Immortals who crossed the sea. These folk beliefs can be found in Tianjin in those days.
Gatekeepers used to put stickers on every house, and the front doors were Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong. If you use the back door, you must put a Wei Zhi on it. This is mainly to protect the safety of the home. Later, various door gods were also derived. Generally, it is divided into civil servant door gods and praying door gods, which should appear in pairs. Space is limited. Forget it.
Kitchen God, as the saying goes, heaven speaks well, but vinegar is not good. Kitchen God is the head of the family, saying that he wants to record this person's family affairs and then report to heaven on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. Anyone in this family made a mistake. The big mistake takes 300 days, and the small mistake takes 100 days. Therefore, no one dares to offend. That's what you have to do.
Interestingly, some articles before liberation or some serious books such as "Tianjin Tongzhi" said that the function of this honeydew melon is to stick the mouth of the kitchen god so that he can't say bad things, not to make the mouth of the kitchen god sweeter. In other words, modern people use non-violent bribery to explain, rather than violent means to shut the kitchen god up.
Everyone is familiar with Kitchen God and has different opinions. Needless to say, all kinds of statements are correct. Let's continue the following topic.
The fairy belief of sending children.
Tianjin believes that too many people send their children, including Guanyin Bodhisattva. This place is called Songzi Guanyin.
There is also the Taishan empress, and the old man in Tianjin is called Nuo empress. In fact, she is Bi Xia Yuan Jun, the daughter of Emperor Dongyue.
Grandma, this name is for children. The dolls tied by Tianjin people may have originated from the descendants of the queen.
What other goddesses are there, such as Qianzi Empress, Baizi Empress, Mother Empress, Husband Empress and Birthday Empress. These gods were accompanied by one or more children except the Queen. This is not the same as sending the queen to life.
Give birth to two faces of the queen. The front face is amiable, and the back is fierce. Kindness means giving children to childless women. This evil spirit is to scare children. It is said that children are reluctant to leave the delivery man. What should I do? When I am scared, a child will be born when I am scared. Why didn't the baby cry when it was born? Pretty scary.
We should pay attention to one fairy who sends children, and that is Zhang Xian. We Tianjin people are affectionately called "Zhang". This man is said to be Meng Changjun, the Emperor of the Later Shu Dynasty. After Shu was killed, Meng Changjun's wife Hua Rui was taken in by Lao Zhao. The couple love each other. Mrs. Hua Rui has always loved her ex-husband. So he drew Meng Chang's archery with a bow. Unfortunately, Zhao Kuangyin saw it, so he was very jealous. He asked her who she was. Mrs. Hua Rui is talking nonsense in a serious way. Tell him this is our son Zhang Shenxian from Sichuan. So this spread very slowly. To this day, Zhang's statue is also an image of wearing expensive clothes and holding a bow and arrow.
If you want to say, why do you pay attention to Master Zhang Xi 'an?
Look at this. This is Zhang Xiange. Once upon a time, Zhang Xian was enshrined here. The fragrance is particularly strong. It was later dismantled. Although Zhang Xiange was rebuilt, Zhang's statue is gone. The worship and belief in Zhang Xian no longer exists.
XiShen and the God of Wealth
XiShen is a goddess, and the god of wealth is divided into civil and military. XiShen basically only keeps what it posted for the New Year, but there are all the main temples of the God of Wealth and Yudou, with strong incense.
The fairy who delivers medicine to the doctor.
There are also several immortals who are responsible for delivering medicine to the hospital. There are only four drug lords in the world-Sun Simiao, Bian Que, Hua Tuo and Tong Pi.
There are also many temples, such as Wang Yao Temple in Fengshan, Wang Yao Temple outside the north gate, Wang Yao Temple in the old Yantuo area, and the Jade Emperor Pavilion Tianhou Temple, all of which are dedicated and have a strong incense. Wang Yao Temple in Fengshan, in particular, has a grand temple fair every New Year. During the period of 1994, pilgrims in Tianhou Palace donated the statue of Yaowang, and the belief in Yaowang was restored in Tianjin. Then in 1997, the Wang Yao Temple in Fengshan was rebuilt. This belief is still there.
Besides these four, there are a lot of immortals who specialize in smallpox. The Eight Immortals, such as Queen of Spots, Fairy of Pesticide, Fairy of Smallpox, Boy of Vaccinia, Master of Brain Stone (III) and the most familiar brother of Tianjin people. Now, except for the statue of the water bearer rebuilt by 1995, nothing else exists.
And this grandma Wang San, she also saves lives. It is said that he is from Miaofeng, Beijing (another way of saying it is that he is from Tianjin and is an old maid in a big family). He once rode a donkey to Tianjin. Into the Tianhou Palace, immediately become immortal. Legend has it that Grandma Wang San can ride a donkey and is guided by a boy. Treat people everywhere.
Not to mention Guan Gong, Confucius, the Eight Immortals who crossed the sea, and Ma Gu who was in charge of immortality.
Hehe, Erxian and Bed Fairy.
In addition, the last two are Hehe Erxian and Bed Fairy.
Hehe, Erxian is the god of marriage. Generally, Tianjin people used to worship heaven and earth when they got married. There is a portrait of Hehe Erxian in this wedding hall. This is a prayer for the newlyweds.
What about this bed fairy? Two, too. Also divided into men and women. Men are called bed men and women are called bed mothers. They are responsible for the harmony between husband and wife. Reproduction. You see, now married people will have the tradition of pressing kang, and its source is the worship of bed immortals.
In addition to these, there will be some gods without any source, such as the former Tianhou Palace, where there are some stupid grandfathers, such as Liu Ye.
These immortals, except a few, remain in people's lives. In fact, most of them have been submerged in history with the development of the times. These acts of worship are superstitious or ignorant. In fact, in the final analysis, it is our Tianjin people's beautiful yearning for life.