How to strengthen the management of protected vegetables in disaster weather?

With the arrival of the severe cold solar terms and the cooling of strong winds, our city is prone to typical disastrous weather in northern China, such as low temperature, cold wave, heavy snow and frost. Because of the large cooling range and low minimum temperature, the temperature in the facility will drop greatly and the temperature will rise slowly, crops will suffer from different degrees of cold and freezing damage, and some greenhouses will even collapse due to snowstorm. In view of the above situation, the following countermeasures and management opinions are put forward.

Precautionary measures before disaster

Pay close attention to the weather forecast in time and take the following preventive measures in time before the heavy snow comes:

Reinforce the shed to prevent the snow from collapsing. According to the forecast, it is necessary to check the fixation of plastic film before the disaster comes, and the film pressing line or pressure bar must be fixed firmly. For the old shed or shed with deformed skeleton, support columns should be used to reinforce it to avoid the shed from being collapsed by snow. For leafy vegetables in plastic greenhouses, they should be harvested as soon as possible and the greenhouse film should be removed. For those who can't remove the greenhouse film, the greenhouse skeleton should be strengthened.

Strengthen the heat preservation and light transmission performance of the shed. Clean the surface of the shed film frequently, increase the light transmittance, and fasten the shed with drip-free film to increase the light intensity in the shed and raise the shed temperature. Hanging aluminum-plated reflective curtain can increase illumination and raise ground temperature. Add two curtains and a small arch shed, and lay straw and straw on the ground.

Reduce the management temperature, practice low-temperature seedling hardening and improve the cold resistance of vegetables. Control the temperature in the shed to avoid excessive temperature in sunny days, especially when the temperature in the shed is too high, let the air go slowly to avoid sudden ups and downs of the temperature in the shed.

In the cold weather of rain and snow, plants with weak growth or more fruits should be harvested in time, and flowers and fruits should be thinned appropriately.

Prepare insulation items such as straw mats and quilts in advance, and heating and lighting items such as stoves, heating blocks, mobile hot stoves or lighting lamps.

Remedial measures after disaster

When the wind cools down, it is necessary to press the film to protect the shed and cover the grass. Snow should be cleared in time. Clean it up at the same time when it snows. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen snow removal at night to avoid losses caused by excessive snow and collapse of facilities. Do a good job in the management of external thermal insulation coverage. During the day, the thermal insulation cover (straw cover) must be rolled up to increase the scattered light in the shed and covered with plastic sheets to prevent rain and snow from soaking the external thermal insulation cover. Cover the insulation cover (straw cover) at night, and then add a waterproof (snow) film.

Prevention and control of excessive humidity in shed. Minimize watering or no watering. After weeding in the morning, open the outlet of outdoor air to reduce the humidity in the shed, but adjust the outdoor air time according to the outdoor temperature. Cover the damaged part of the surface plastic film in time; Don't use foliar spray to control pests and diseases, try to use aerosol or powder; Conditionally install electric defogging equipment to reduce the humidity in the shed.

When the temperature in the greenhouse drops to the minimum temperature required by vegetables, take heating measures to check whether the insulation quilt or straw stubble is tightly attached, temporarily increase open flames and electric heating equipment, and take heating measures to increase the temperature and reduce the relative humidity in the greenhouse. The automatic heating fan can be started at night 10 and 2 am respectively 1- 1.5 hours, and can also be used as an emergency heating block of "greenhouse hot treasure", with the consumption of 10 per mu and the ignition at about 1 o in the morning.

Improve the illumination in the shed to ensure the normal growth of plants. In order to improve the transmittance of scattered light, wipe the greenhouse film with a long mop every day or every 2-3 days to keep it clean. Try to install fill light lamps, and try to install fill light lamps in all planting plots, such as Yuba and plant growth lamps.

Plant regulation, reducing the burden of plant growth. Due to the recent weak light, the plants are inhibited and their growth potential is weak, mainly because the leaves turn yellow and thin. In order to reduce the growth burden of plants, it is necessary to remove the diseased leaves and abnormal fruits of old leaves in time and harvest the fruits that are about to reach the harvesting standard as soon as possible.

Spraying antifreeze to improve the cold resistance of vegetables. People with frostbite should be treated in time. Cut off dead branches in time and spray water manually.

Post-Qing management. After the weather clears up, the management will focus on low temperature and less light, and gradually increase the light and temperature. Prevent the influence of sudden sunny days on plants by covering grass or semi-rolling heat preservation quilt. When you find plants wilting, put down the heat preservation quilt (cover grass) in time, and don't water it immediately for topdressing. It can be delayed for 1-2 days, and foliar fertilizer can be sprayed to supplement plant nutrition combined with chemical control.

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Source: Jinzhong News Network