Who is Lu Dalin (cultural relics unearthed from Lu Dalin’s tomb)

Today, the editor will share with you the knowledge of Lu Dalin. He will also analyze and answer the cultural relics unearthed from Lu Dalin's tomb. If it can solve the questions you want to know, please pay attention to this site.

Who are the celebrities named Lu in history?

Lu Chen, Lu Bu, Lu Chen, Lu Jing, Lu Luo, Lu Guang, Lu Pheasant, Lu Meng, etc.

1. Lu Chen: A general of the peasant uprising army in the late Qin Dynasty. At the beginning, he followed Chen Sheng in the uprising and stationed troops in Pengcheng with Xiang Yu. Later, he assisted Liu Bang to bring peace to the world and was named Ninglinghou.

2. Lu Bu: A native of Wuyuan and Jiuyuan (now northwest of Baotou, Inner Mongolia), he was a famous general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. , was granted the title of Marquis of Wen, and established a separate regime in Xuzhou, becoming a great hero of his generation.

3. Lu Chen: a writer in the Jin Dynasty and the author of the book "Zi Lin".

4. Lu Jing: a phonology expert in the Jin Dynasty and the author of the book "Yun Ji".

5. Lu Luo: A native of the Northern Wei Dynasty (today's Yu County, Hebei Province), he was promoted to General Yu Lin Zhonglang, and was later named Cheng Wuhou. 6. Lu Guang: A native of Lueyang (now southwest of Zhuanglang, Gansu), the founder of Houliang (the capital of today's Wuwei, Gansu) during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, he reigned for 13 years. His sons Lü Shao, Lü Zuan, and Lü Long also came to power successively in Liang.

7. Lu Pheasant: A native of Shanfu (now south of Shan County, Shandong Province), the empress of Han Gaozu, known as Empress Lu. She once assisted Liu Bang in bringing peace to the world. After Liu Bang's death in 195 BC, she took over the government and ruled for sixteen years. She was the first recorded female ruler in history.

8. Lu Meng: A native of Fubei, Runan (now southeast of Fuyang, Anhui), he was a famous general of Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. He was a man of both civil and military skills. When Lu Su saw him, he once praised him as "extremely knowledgeable and extremely knowledgeable." Return to Wu and go to Amen." First, he defeated Cao's army with Zhou Yu and others in the Battle of Chibi, and then defeated Guan Yu and recaptured Jingzhou, which was a great achievement in Soochow. Later, he was granted the title of Grand Administrator of Nanjun and Marquis of Chiling.

Why was the tomb designed by Lu Dalin, the originator of epigraphy, robbed by his own descendants?

I have to say that this is a very interesting coincidence. As the originator of epigraphy, Lu Dalin made careful plans to prevent his tomb from being stolen after his death, but unexpectedly, he was still attacked by his own family Lu Dalin thousands of years later. The robberies by the descendants may have been God's will.

(1) Archaeological Map of Lu Dalin

Everyone is familiar with modern archeology, but in fact it is a discipline system from the West, and in ancient China there was actually the so-called The knowledge of "investigating things to gain knowledge" was the "epigraphy" that was extremely popular in the Song Dynasty. Gold is bronze and stone is inscriptions. Therefore, literati at this time mainly studied ancient bronzes and stone inscriptions, focusing on recording and textual research. , in order to achieve the purpose of supplementing the history of the classics.

The most outstanding one among them is Lu Dalin, the originator of epigraphy. The ancestor of the Lu family was Jiang Shang, a famous Shang native. Because he was fiefdomed in Jijun (now Weihui City, Henan Province), his country was named " Lu", so he is also called Lu Shang. In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Lu Tong, a native of Jijun who had served as Dr. Taichang, went to Chang'an to serve as an official. After his death, he was buried in Jingzhao Lantian (today's Lantian County, Shaanxi), and his descendants moved here. The second son of Lu Tong, Lu _, was a doctor in Bibu. He had six sons, one of whom died young and one who was indistinguishable. Four of them, Lu Dazhong, Lu Dafang, Lu Dajun, and Lu Dalin, successively passed the imperial examination, and were known as the "Four Lus of Lantian" in the world.

Among them, Lu Dalin, named Yushu and named Yunge, is the youngest. Although he is the youngest among the four brothers and has the shortest life span, he has written the most and has the highest academic achievements. The two books "Archaeological Illustrations" and "Archaeological Illustrations" written by Lu Dalin laid the theoretical foundation for ancient Chinese epigraphy. The tenth volume of "Archaeological Map" contains 224 bronzes, one stone, and 13 jades from the Secret Pavilion, Taichang, official collections, and private collections at that time. Most of them are valuable and exquisite in shape. weapon.

So, as an experienced collector and a profound scholar, Lu Dalin will naturally not lack arrangements for things after his death, so what will the tomb he designed himself look like?

(2) The unworthy descendants of the Lu family

In June 2008, the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archeology and the Xi'an Cultural Relics Protection and Archeology Institute formed a joint team to officially excavate the Lu family cemetery. During the excavation process, archaeologists discovered that there were abnormalities in three tombs - 1-2 empty tombs were stacked vertically in the upper part of the main chamber. This is extremely rare and the only example among the Song tombs excavated so far.

To put it simply, this is a method of "grave under tomb". A few cavities are placed above the real tomb. It can be said that "building the plank road in the open and hiding the old warehouse in secret" is a very smart reaction. Tomb robbing methods, this kind of anti-grab robbing design, were first discovered in Tomb No. 2 (M2). The situation at that time was that the empty tomb also had tomb passages, which overlapped with the tomb passages in the real tomb.

The archaeologists initially thought this was a coincidence of overlapping modern tombs, but when they dug to a depth of 7 meters, the same situation occurred again. Only then did the archaeologists realize that this was intentional when building the tomb. Rather than a coincidence. Later, this "grave under tomb" phenomenon was also discovered on two other tombs, which confirmed the anti-robbery plan of the Lu family tomb.

But even so, Lu Dalin’s tomb was still targeted by the descendants surnamed Lu in the village. It is said that when Lu Moumou was working in Xi’an, he got together with some cultural relic dealers and made some friends on the street. . Knowing that the ancestor of the Lu family was Lu Dalin, a famous epigraph collector in the Northern Song Dynasty, and hearing that there were many tombs of the Lu family's ancestors near the village, an evil thought came to mind and he thought of robbing the tombs.

After three years of public security work, 123 cultural relics were stolen from the Lu family tomb in Lantian, and all were finally recovered. After that, archaeological experts also began cleaning and excavation of the Lu family tomb in Lantian.

Who is the originator of Chinese archeology? He designed a seamless tomb for himself, only to have it stolen by later generations?

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Lu Dalin had the highest achievements in the field of epigraphy, so he can also be said to be the originator of Chinese archaeology.

Lu Dalin was born into a scholarly family. His eldest brother and younger brother are both intellectuals and have joined the government. He and his brothers Lu Dazhong, Lu Dafang, and Lu Dajun were known as the "Four Sages of the Lu Family in Liantian". According to research, the cemetery of Lu Dalin, the literary leader of the Northern Song Dynasty, is located in Wulitou Village, Lantian County. According to the epitaph, 99% of the robbed tombs were from the Lu family. After receiving the news from the public security organs, the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and the Archaeological Research Institute immediately dispatched experts to the scene and quickly formulated an emergency excavation plan. By cleaning 23 tombs, it is certain that this tomb is indeed the tomb of the Lu Dalin family. The tomb has a vertical tomb, which is divided into upper and lower floors. The depth of the lower floor is 8.5-15.5 meters, of which 16 adult graves are 2-4 meters deep and there are seven infant graves. The status of the other five graves is unknown.

Since he usually digs graves and does archeology, he is naturally very familiar with the tomb robbing system. As he digs more people's graves, he naturally worries that someone will dig his own grave after death. Of course, he's not that selfish. He not only designed his own tomb, but also designed the distribution of tombs for his family. It is said that this is the best Feng Shui and must be the descendant of Enze. For his own tomb, he has various methods to prevent tomb robberies and several types of insurance. The simplest thing is that his tomb has three levels, the first two levels are false and the last level is true. In order to prevent the tomb from being stolen, Lu Dalin also set up a double "firewall" in his tomb. This is still basic. However, the tomb was later robbed. The most important tomb robbers are none other than his descendants.

Lü Dalin, a master of archaeology, died more than 900 years ago. His tomb was stolen by his descendants. It is difficult to guard against domestic thieves day and night. Those who can deceive you are your own people. It is true that a flood has washed away the Dragon King Temple, and we are digging our own graves.

Whether Lu Dalin was promoted to Jinshi, the ancients said that he had no intention of an official career

Hello

Of course he was a Jinshi, and there is some basis for saying that he had no intention of an official career.

Lu Dalin, named Yunge. The ancestor was originally from Jijun, Henan (today's Weihui County, Henan). His grandfather Lu Tong was once a doctor of Taichang. Because he was buried in Lantian, the descendants of the Lu family moved to Lantian. His father, Lu _***, a doctor in Bibu, had six sons. One died in infancy, and five of them passed the imperial examination. Today, there are only four brothers, Lu Dazhong, Lu Dafang, Lu Dajun and Lu Dalin. Dalin was the youngest. The four Lu brothers all served in the Northern Song Dynasty. They not only had a certain political influence, but also made great achievements and contributions in the cultural and academic fields. He is a representative figure of Guanxue.

Although he ascended the throne, he entered the official position as a shadow of his family, saying that he "dare not hide the virtues of his ancestors"; although he was in official career, he was devoted to academics. He and his brothers Lu Dazhong and Lu Dajun followed Zhang Zai and devoted themselves to Guanzhong. He studied the Six Classics with great concentration, especially the study and practice of the three rites. Among the disciples of Zhu Lu and Zhang Zai, he was the one who made the greatest contribution to the development of "Guan Xue" and "keeps Hengqu Xue very firmly".

I hope it will be adopted, thank you.

Which dynasty did the famous epigrapher Lu Dalin come from?

Lü Dalin was a famous epigrapher in the Song Dynasty. His ancestors were from Henan. Lu Dalin’s grandfather once served as Taichang. PhD. President Lu Dalin had five brothers. Except for one who died young, the other five were all waiting to pass the exam, which was considered a great honor at that time. There are four people who can be tested in history: Lu Dazhong, Lu Dafang, Lu Dajun and Lu Dalin. Lu Dalin is their youngest brother.

Did Lu Dalin live from that period in Chinese history? What contribution did he make in his life?

Lü Dalin (1040～1092), an epigrapher in the Song Dynasty of China, also known as Yushu. He was first from Jijun (now Weihui, Henan), and later moved to Jingzhao Lantian (now Lantian, Shaanxi). Lu Dalin's main focus throughout his life was on the study of Guanxue. It was not until his later years that he began to engage in the collection and research of bronze ware. He was the first scholar to systematically study bronze ware inscriptions as a subject of study. The two books he wrote, "Archaeological Illustrations" and "Archaeological Illustrations", laid the foundation for modern archeology and paleography. The tenth volume of "Archaeological Map" contains 224 bronzes, one stoneware, and thirteen jadewares from the Secret Pavilion, Taichang, official collections, and private collections at that time. Most of them are of extremely high value and exquisite shape. of exquisite products. For each vessel, first draw the image of the vessel and give it a name, and then write a short essay describing the time, place, size, volume and weight, its circulation history and collection status. "Archaeological Illustrated Explanations" is Lu Dalin's arrangement of the text on the other eighty-five bronzes in the four parts of "Guangyun" and tied the characters below it. It was used to correct some of the traditional views of the people at that time on the shape, sound and meaning of ancient characters. It became the first reference book for studying ancient Chinese bronzes. Lu Dalin was not only a famous Neo-Confucian at that time, but also the earliest epigrapher (bronze expert) in China. He wrote many books, most of which were lost over time, leaving only the "Book of Changes" and "Archaeological Maps". "Archaeological Illustrations" laid the foundation for modern archeology and ancient literature. He systematically studied bronze inscriptions as a branch of knowledge and textual research. The tenth volume of "Archaeological Map" contains 224 bronzes, one stoneware, and thirteen jadewares from the Secret Pavilion, Taichang, official collections, and private collections at that time. Most of them are of extremely high value and exquisite shape. of exquisite products. For each vessel, first draw the image of the vessel and give it a name, and then write a short text describing the time, place, size, volume and weight, its circulation and collection status. "Archaeological Illustrated Explanations" is the text of other eighty-five bronze vessels arranged by Lu Dalin in four parts of "Guangyin Ju", and the characters are tied below it. It was used to correct some traditional views of people at that time on the shape, sound and meaning of ancient characters. , became the first reference book for the study of ancient Chinese bronzes, and was valued and respected by scholars of all generations. Although Lu Dalin made great achievements in epigraphy, he was valued and respected by scholars of all ages. However, unlike later generations who regard Lu Dalin and his "Archaeological Map" as one of the founders and foundational works of modern archeology, Lu Dalin never regarded his collection and research of bronzes as a separate or independent knowledge. . It can be said that the collection and research of bronzes that Lu Dalin engaged in completely served the Ming Dynasty ethics he advocated and practiced, the Guanxue purpose of restoring the ritual system of the three generations, and the study of ancient rituals. It was an integral part of his classics research. "Sir, he has mastered the Six Classics, and is especially proficient in the Rites. Every time he wishes to study the legacy of three dynasties, it is feasible, and the old rules and regulations are feasible, and he should not use empty words to shake up the world's customs." He studied ancient artifacts not to collect and play with them, but to understand and absorb the essence of ancient thought and culture, explore the trajectory of changes and development of ancient society, remedy the deficiencies in the classics, correct the fallacies of Confucianism, and provide reference for later scholars. In this regard, he also made a clear explanation in the "Postscript to Archaeological Maps": "I have read many of them in the homes of scholar-bureaucrats. I don't dare to play with the utensils. Looking at the utensils and reciting their words, the descriptions seem to be tracing the legacy of the three generations. If you see this person, you can go against your will, or go deep into the source of its creation, to make up for the shortcomings of the classics, and to correct the mistakes of Confucianism. The gentlemen of the future generations will also have a test." This explains it. It reflects Lu Dalin's purpose of compiling "Archaeological Map" and also reflects Lu Dalin's practical and pragmatic scholarly spirit. Not only Lu Dalin was like this, the court and scholar-bureaucrats of the Northern Song Dynasty were keen on collecting, sorting and researching ancient ritual instruments. After the chaos of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the rulers of the Song Dynasty vigorously rewarded them in order to consolidate their power and establish strict ethics. Confucian classics, the policy orientation of trying to restore the ancient ritual system is closely related to the social environment. It can also be said that epigraphy, which originated in the Song Dynasty and gradually became an independent academic category in the future, is a derivative and by-product of the Song Dynasty's retro ideological trend and classics research.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi said that he was "the most like Lu Dalin among the Chengzi disciples" and compared him with Cheng Ying. Unfortunately, Lu Dalin died early at the age of forty-seven. Cheng Ying said that he was "deeply cultivated and well-educated" and expressed her deep condolences for Dalin's "unfortunate early death".