Meteorological environmental conditions in school teaching and sports activities
Paper Keywords: meteorological environment school mathematical sports activities
In school teaching and sports activities, especially in school sports activities, it is often influenced and restricted by the weather and other environments, which brings serious influence and potential safety hazards to school teaching order, students' health and personal safety. This paper discusses the influence of weather on stadiums, students' personal safety, students' physical health and students' emotions, and puts forward some measures to deal with the influence of adverse weather on school sports activities.
1. Introduction
School teaching and sports activities include normal school teaching, school physical education, school physical exercise, sports competitions and students' military training. In our country, due to the limitation of economic conditions, most primary and secondary schools have no gymnasiums, so sports activities can only be carried out in the open air, especially in rural areas with relatively backward economic conditions, and even sunny hardened playgrounds are difficult to guarantee. Therefore, school teaching and sports activities are often influenced and restricted by the weather and other environments, which brings serious influence and potential safety hazards to school teaching order, students' health and personal safety.
2. The influence of meteorological conditions on students' health.
The change of meteorological conditions is an important factor affecting human health. The chemical reaction in human body changes with the change of weather. Teachers must consider meteorological factors when guiding students to carry out sports training and teaching, and arrange sports training and teaching according to the change of meteorological conditions.
2. 1 temperature.
The normal body temperature is 37℃, and the suitable ambient temperature is about 25℃. Too high or too low ambient temperature will cause human discomfort. Different projects have different requirements for suitable temperature. For example, the suitable temperature for badminton is about 17℃; The temperature of track and field events is about 20℃, and track and field events 17-20℃. In addition, the adaptation of the human body to the temperature environment is also very important. For students, if they want to get good grades, they should not only strengthen their physique and improve their sports level, but also pay attention to their adaptability to the environment. In order to develop high-energy sports, schools and teachers should pay more attention to students' physical health and condition. Football, for example, is a sport that consumes a lot of physical strength. Because in the process of running and fighting, the metabolism of matter and energy in the body is accelerated, and the body temperature can rise to about 40℃, which is easy to fatigue. Playing football in high temperature, if you don't replenish enough water and sweat well, you may faint from heatstroke. Before 1972, about five football players in the world were trained in high temperature or killed in the game every year. In recent years, although the training methods have become more and more scientific, there are still 1-2 athletes who die of heatstroke every year.
2.2 The influence of humidity.
The influence of humidity on human body is mainly in two aspects: thermal metabolism and water metabolism, and the degree of influence is aggravated or alleviated by temperature. High temperature and high humidity will hinder the heat dissipation of human body. If the air humidity is too high, students will feel depressed; If the air humidity is too low, they will feel thirsty and irritable. When arranging sports competitions and activities, schools should consider the physiological characteristics of students and make targeted arrangements.
2.3 the influence of sunshine.
Moderate radiation of ultraviolet and infrared rays in sunlight has a good effect on human body. However, too strong ultraviolet rays will cause some pathophysiological consequences. The amount of ultraviolet radiation can not only produce positive effects (such as refreshing the brain and increasing the vitamin content in the body), but also produce negative effects (such as being harmful to the eyes and even causing solar dermatitis or skin cancer). Therefore, students should try to avoid long-term exposure to the outdoors. In the sunny weather, to do physical exercise, students must wear sun hats and sunglasses, and schools and teachers should also prepare necessary cool drinks.
2.4 the role of the wind.
Wind has both advantages and disadvantages, and its influence includes wind speed and direction. Wind will affect people's breathing process, energy consumption, mental state and metabolism, thus affecting students' physical consumption. Running in windy days will make you feel difficult to breathe, and even the cold wind will stimulate your organs and cause a cough. If the wind is too strong and the dust is flying, physical education class can be arranged indoors. When the wind is not too strong, wind energy strengthens the conduction and convection of heat, which makes the human body dissipate heat faster and makes people feel cool. However, when the temperature exceeds 36℃, hot air can raise the temperature of human skin, and excessive loss of water and salt may lead to heatstroke. The wind also affects the competition results. Under different meteorological conditions of downwind and headwind, the competition results are obviously different.
2.5 Influence of air pressure.
When the air pressure is around 1000hPa, the human body feels more comfortable, which is beneficial to the athletes to play their sports level. When the air pressure is low, you will feel hypoxia, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Air pressure can also affect people's psychological reaction. Rain and snow under low pressure and sultry weather before thunderstorm in summer will make people feel depressed and unwell. In this weather, it will cause heart disease and other diseases.
3. The influence of weather on school sports activities
3. 1 Influence of weather on sports venues.
The influence of the weather on the open-air sports ground is obvious. Due to the large area of the open-air sports ground, it is difficult to take a wide range of preventive measures. A rainy weather process with strong intensity will cause water accumulation in stadiums and gymnasiums, which will make physical education teaching, exercise and competition impossible. For those stadiums that are not hardened and do not need hardening (such as football fields, etc.). ), will cause damage to sports venues and sports facilities; Or cause water and mud in the sports ground. In winter, due to the low temperature, sports venues are prone to freeze, especially the snow caused by heavy snow, which will close open-air sports venues. All these will make school sports activities impossible. Moreover, rainy, foggy, high temperature, low temperature, strong wind and other complex weather make it impossible for students to exercise outdoors, which has become an important limiting factor in school physical education activities and interfered with the normal teaching order of school physical education.
3.2 The harm of bad weather to students' personal safety.
School sports venues are relatively empty, which is most likely to cause meteorological disasters (such as lightning and strong winds). Especially the sudden disastrous weather often makes people unprepared and unable to take timely and effective preventive measures, which poses a serious threat to the personal safety of students. 1One day in August 1995, there was a strong convective weather in Suizhou. A student who was taking part in a football match at Huanglong Stadium was struck by lightning, killing two people on the spot and injuring many others. Sometimes even indoors, it is easy to cause students casualties because no defensive measures are taken. On May 23, 2007, seven primary school students in Xingye Village Primary School in Yihe Township, Kaixian County, Chongqing were killed by lightning, and more than 30 primary school students were injured, including 5 seriously, which shocked the whole country. On the afternoon of September 14, 2005, freshmen were undergoing military training on the playground of the new campus of Hunan First Normal School. Suddenly, God changed his face and a flash of lightning flashed across the sky. Six people, including an instructor, fell to the ground, and one of the girls never woke up.
Strong winds blow down fences and trees, and students are killed or injured from time to time. On April 17, 2007, a strong wind suddenly blew? Break in? In Liuzhou, Guangxi, a 20-meter-long wall in the north of the classroom of Chongtai Primary School suddenly collapsed, crushing a classroom, and then a tornado overturned the tile roof of the classroom, causing injuries to 1 1 pupils in the classroom.
On June 10, 2005, Shalan County, Heilongjiang Province was hit by a once-in-200-year rainstorm. Within two hours, the rainfall in some areas was as high as 150-200mm, resulting in the death of 106 pupils.
Heavy rain is easy to cause floods, causing damage to schools, houses and amusement facilities. Be flooded or even washed away, resulting in loss of life and property. Rainstorms are also prone to geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides, and schools built in mountainous areas are particularly vulnerable to attacks, causing casualties.
3.3 The impact of adverse weather on students' health.
There are many ways in which the weather affects students' health. It includes direct physical effects on human body (solar radiation, cold and hot, dry and wet, etc.). ), the impact on the reproduction and spread of pathogens (such as viruses and bacteria), the impact on various infectious media, the impact on people's mental state, and the impact on human immunity and disease resistance. The physical effect of bad weather making people sick is the most intuitive. The average number of days in Suizhou where the extreme maximum temperature is higher than 30℃ in June and September is 27 days per year. 19/999 The extreme maximum temperature reached 39.5℃, which was the third highest temperature record in Suizhou history. At that time, it was the time for high school students in the city to enter school for military training. The heat and summer heat caused many students with weak constitution to suffer from heatstroke and shock on the spot.