What is the law of weather change?

Troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, and its thickness varies with latitude and season. 16-18km near the equator; It is l0- 12km in the mid-latitude area and 8-9km near the poles. Thick in summer and thin in winter.

The remarkable characteristics of this layer are as follows:-The temperature decreases with the increase of height, and the temperature decreases by 0.6 with each increase of 100m. C. The air near the ground expands and rises under the action of the heat emitted from the ground, and the cold air above it drops, thus forming a strong convection in the vertical direction, hence the name of the troposphere. Second, the density is high, and more than 3/4 of the total mass of the atmosphere is concentrated in this layer. In the troposphere, it can be divided into two layers because of the different effects of the underlying surface. Below 1-2 km, it is strongly influenced by the mechanical and thermal effects of the surface, which is usually called friction layer, or boundary layer, and also called lower atmosphere. Most pollutants discharged into the atmosphere are active in this layer. More than 1-2 km, which is less affected by the surface, is called free atmosphere. Major weather processes, such as rain, snow and hail, appear on this floor. The troposphere is most closely related to human beings.

(2) Stratosphere

The atmosphere from the tropopause to about 50 kilometers is the stratosphere. In the lower stratosphere, that is, below 30-35 kNL, with the decrease of height, the temperature changes little and tends to be stable, so it is also called stratosphere. Above 30-35km, the temperature increases with height.

The characteristics of the stratosphere are as follows: first, there is no convection in the air, and advection is the main movement; Second, the air is much thinner than the lower layer, with little water vapor and dust content and few weather phenomena; Thirdly, in the range of about 15-35 km high, there is an ozone layer with a thickness of about 20km. Because ozone has the ability to absorb short-wave ultraviolet rays from the sun, the temperature in the stratosphere rises.

(3) Intermediate layer

The height from the stratosphere top to 80 kilometers is called the mesosphere. This layer of air is thinner, and the temperature decreases with the increase of height.

(4) Thermosphere

From 80 km to about 500 km is called the thermosphere. The temperature of this layer increases rapidly with the increase of height, and the temperature in the layer is very high, which varies greatly from day to night. There is still a small amount of water in the lower part of the thermosphere, so there are occasional silvery white and blue noctilucent clouds.

(5) escape layer

The atmosphere above the thermosphere is called escape layer. Under the action of solar ultraviolet rays and cosmic rays, most molecules in this layer of air are ionized; Therefore, the content of protons greatly exceeds the content of neutral hydrogen atoms. The air in the escape layer is extremely thin and its density is almost the same as that in space, so it is often called the outer atmosphere. Because air is little affected by gravity, gas and particles can fly out of the earth's field and enter space from this layer. The escape layer is the outermost layer of the earth's atmosphere, and there is no consensus on where the upper boundary of this layer is. In fact, there is no clear boundary between the earth's atmosphere and interstellar space. With the increase of height, the temperature of the escape layer increases slightly.