Basic knowledge of the lighting department

1. What are the basic common sense of stage lighting?

1. Surface light: the light projected from the top of the audience to the stage. Its main function is the front lighting of the characters and the basic light spreading of the entire stage. .

2. Slap: Located on both sides of the stage, the light is cast diagonally on the stage. It is divided into upper and lower layers. It mainly assists the surface light, strengthens facial lighting, and increases the three-dimensional sense of characters and scenery. 3. Column light (also called side light): The light projected from both sides of the stage opening is mainly used to illuminate the two sides of characters or scenery to increase the sense of three-dimensionality and outline.

4. Top light: The light projected from the top of the stage to the stage is divided into one row of top light, two rows of top light, three rows of top light... etc. from front to back. It is mainly used for general stage lighting. , to enhance the stage illumination, and there are many fixed-point illumination of scenery and props, which is mainly solved by top lighting. 5. Backlighting: Light projected from the opposite direction of the stage (such as top light, bridge light, etc.) can outline the outlines of characters and scenery, enhance the sense of three-dimensionality and transparency, and can also be used as a specific light source.

2. What are the techniques for using lighting

1.

The use of the width indicator light (small light). The width indicator light of a car is commonly known as a small light. It is a signaling device used to display the width and location of a car. Generally, there is a small white light on both sides of the headlight at the front of the car, and a small red light on both sides of the car body at the rear of the car, which lights up at the same time as the license plate light.

How to use it: (1) When a car is well lit by street lights at night, do not turn off all the lights after entering the city, even if it is driving in a neighborhood with bright street lights or parked temporarily on the side of the road. If it is removed, the width indicator light should be retained. (2) When the light is dark, such as rain, snow, fog, or evening, the width indicator lights should be turned on to remind passing cars and pedestrians of the width of the road occupied by the vehicle.

(3) When parking on the side of the road at night, especially after rain, the entire rear of the car is covered with mud and water rolled up by the rear wheels. When the color of the car is close to that of the ground, the width indicator light or emergency light should be turned on. Send signals to passing cars and pedestrians to avoid collisions or collisions. 2.

Use of emergency signal lights When the emergency signal lights are working, the four front and rear turn lights flash at the same time. The driver must turn on the emergency signal lights when encountering the following situations while driving, and other cars should pay attention to avoid: (1) The car broke down on the roadside. (2) The car was involved in a traffic accident.

(3) The car was forced to stop at the emergency parking zone on the highway due to a breakdown. (4) Perform emergency official duties or special duties.

(5) Visibility is low when there is rain, snow, fog, etc. during the day. (6) Driving in convoy.

3. The use of the reversing signal light The reversing signal light is a small white light set at the rear of the car. When the car's gear lever is shifted into reverse gear, the reversing signal light turns on. Its function is to remind other cars and pedestrians to pay attention to avoid.

4. Use of brake lights Brake lights are red signaling devices used to prompt the vehicle behind to slow down. Some are set on the left and right sides of the rear of the car, and some are set together with the tail lights. When the driver steps on the brake pedal, the brightness of the tail lights increases.

5. Use of turn signals (1) When turning left, changing lanes to the left, preparing to overtake, leaving the parking place, or making a U-turn, the left turn signal should be turned on in advance, as shown in Figure 1-46.

(2) When turning right, changing lanes to the right, returning to the original lane after overtaking, or parking on the side of the road, the right turn signal should be turned on in advance, as shown in Figure 1-47. (3) Precautions for using turn signals: 1) General level intersections.

When a car reaches a general level intersection, the turn signal should be turned on in the turning direction at a distance of 30 to 100 meters from the intersection, based on the width of the road, the size of the traffic flow, and the driving speed at that time. At an intersection with a guide lane, the turn signal should be turned on before entering the guide lane.

2) Roundabout. When a car enters a roundabout, it does not need to turn on the turn signal.

When a car is about to exit a roundabout, it should turn on its right turn signal. 3) The turn on time of the turn signal must be mastered and should be turned on 30-100m away from the turning intersection.

Driving too early will give the illusion of "forgetting to turn off the turn signal" to the car behind you. Driving too late will cause the following vehicles and pedestrians to be unprepared and make mistakes while busy. 6.

Use of headlights (commonly known as headlights) (1) When encountering an oncoming vehicle, you should turn off the high beam and use low beam instead. (2) When driving at dusk, turn on the headlights later rather than earlier.

If you turn on the high beam or low beam in advance, it will dazzle the other car and affect your own vision. However, when driving on bumpy roads, you should turn on your headlights in advance so that you can see the potholes more clearly.

(3) When you cannot see the other person in a blind spot such as a curved road or a hump road at night, you must use the method of switching between high and low beams and flash 1 or 2 times to remind people traveling in the blind spot. , the car is ready to avoid. (4) When driving at night and encountering another car occupying the road and failing to change the high and low lights as required, you can change the high and low lights and send a signal.

(5) If you encounter many bicycles and pedestrians on the road at night, you must first slow down and drive slowly; secondly, increase the number of switching between high and low beam lights, so that bicycles and pedestrians can be seen more clearly. . (6) When meeting cars at night, if the oncoming car does not switch to low beam and is always exposed to high beam, the car should immediately switch to low beam, and the high beam of the two cars must not be directed at each other.

In this case, switching to low beam will help you see clearly. Shooting at each other will be detrimental to both you and yourself, and it can easily cause both parties to be dazzled and bump into each other. (7) When overtaking on the road at night, use the method of alternating switching between high and low beams to warn the vehicle in front. The vehicle in front can more easily perceive the actual distance between the two vehicles being overtaken. However, the number of switching times should not exceed two at most, and both should be grasped. A suitable distance between cars.

(8) When encountering heavy rain or fog, it is advisable to switch from high beam to low beam in time, so that you can see the road surface more clearly. At the same time, the fog lights should also be turned on to alert passing vehicles.

(9) When driving at dawn, it is better to turn off the headlights sooner rather than later. Because after a period of night driving, the eyes have developed strong dark adaptation ability. Turning off the headlights earlier at dawn will not only not affect the observation, but also allow objects on the road to be seen more clearly.

(10) When driving during the day, pulling up the headlight dimmer switch can be used as a signal to temporarily lend the other party's "right of way" to drive and request cooperation, or as a signal to prevent the other party's car from crossing or occupying the road. prompt signal. (11) When you encounter a car driven by an acquaintance while driving and say hello, you usually blow a short whistle when the two cars approach. If you are driving in an area where honking is prohibited during the day, you can also flash your headlights as a greeting.

(12) When overtaking during the day or encountering a small car with loud noise or a well-sealed car with the stereo turned on, and the horn cannot be heard, the car behind can still see the left side of the car in front. When turning on the rearview mirror, pull up the headlight dimmer switch to send a signal. At this time, the bright spot of the headlight of the vehicle behind will appear in the left rearview mirror of the vehicle in front, which can provide a better reminder effect.

(13) When driving on a city street where honking is prohibited during the day, when a car on the left or right lane attempts to forcefully change lanes and insert itself in front of the car (especially if the car is in the blind spot of the car in front of you) ), you can also shine the light of the headlight to the rear of the vehicle in front and use its reflective effect to provide a reminder. 7.

Use of fog lamps Fog lamps can help drivers improve visibility when driving in foggy weather, and enable oncoming vehicles to be detected in time so that measures can be taken to ensure a safe intersection. Therefore, drivers must turn on fog lights when driving in foggy weather and cannot use width lights instead.

Note: If you turn on the rear fog lights in non-fog weather, it will affect the visibility of the driver behind you, which is detrimental to safety. .

3. What are the basic knowledge of lighting?

Luminous flux: the radiant energy that can be felt by human eyes.

The sum of the products of the radiant energy of each band and the relative visibility of the band. The unit symbol is lm.

Illumination: The density of luminous flux hitting a surface, the symbol is lx. The luminous flux of a 40W incandescent lamp is about 340 lm; the luminous flux of a 40W fluorescent lamp is about 1700-1900 lm.

Basic requirements for indoor lighting: 1. Set up two sets of plans according to general lighting and special situations. For example, a small lamp and a brighter desk lamp are used in the study room.

2. Set up a set of plans according to special circumstances: for example, only one big light is set up in the study room. The first set of options above is the better choice.

First of all, choose different illumination according to different situations, which will help protect your eyesight and avoid long-term damage to your eyesight caused by too strong or too weak light. On the other hand, it helps to save electricity and thus save money.

4. What are the common sense about lighting Feng Shui

1. The reading and working areas should be brightened, while the bed should avoid direct light exposure, so as not to make it difficult to fall asleep.

2. To avoid forming dark areas, do not use a single central light source, but use a combination of multiple light sources. A floor lamp is one option, or a more economical table lamp can also be used.

It is best to choose a desk lamp with a curved handle to adjust the angle of the light source. 3. It is best to avoid using fluorescent lamps, because fluorescent lamps can make people easily tired, upset and irritated. So you should use soft light bulbs instead.

Also, it is best to paint the walls in light colors to make the interior brighter. 4. Lights that belong to Yang can be used to boost the aura of areas with heavy Yin energy.

5. Place an upward-lighting standing lamp under the beam to eliminate evil spirits. 6. The "Ming Tang" area in front of the gate is the most important part of the Feng Shui of the Yangzhai. The placement of street lights can help gather energy.

7. Do not place lamps in front of mirrors in dark corners, as this can easily lead to "ghost photography". 8. The lighting in the bedroom should not be too bright, otherwise it will hinder sleep.

5. Ask for common sense about lights and lighting

Lighting is a measure that uses various light sources to illuminate working and living places or individual objects. Those that use the sun and sky light are called "natural lighting"; those that use artificial light sources are called "artificial lighting." The primary purpose of lighting is to create good visibility and a comfortable and pleasant environment. The lighting of interior design is the professional design of illumination, color temperature, color rendering index, etc. of various architectural environments. It must not only meet the indoor "brightness" requirements, but also play a role in setting off the environment and atmosphere. Generally, the interior architect makes the request, and the electrical engineer makes calculations and adjustments. It also refers to the action of being illuminated by a light or the state of being illuminated by a light.

The art of using natural or artificial light in filmmaking. Involving the use of lighting equipment, light design, on-site layout, determination of light position, light ratio, tone and light and shadow effects, lens lighting processing, etc., it is an indispensable means for photographers to create (see film plastic arts, film lighting fixtures ).

Lighting design should be people-oriented, but safety and practicality must first be considered, as well as illumination requirements, installation methods, maintenance methods, and finally combined with humanized creativity. A good lighting design must be If the above prerequisites are met, the relevant descriptions have been explained in the entry of lamps. For lighting design, please refer to the relevant literature on Jurassic lighting.

Lighting is the use of artificial light or natural light to provide people with sufficient illumination (general lighting), or to provide good identification (road lighting, advertising signs, etc.), to emphasize features (architectural lighting, accent lighting, etc.), Or means to create a comfortable light environment (residential lighting, etc.), create a special atmosphere (commercial stage lighting), and other special purposes (biochemical, medical, plant cultivation, etc.).

Lighting methods can be divided into: general lighting, zoned general lighting, local lighting and mixed lighting. Its application principles should comply with the following regulations:

1. When it is not suitable to install local lighting or it is unreasonable to use mixed lighting, general lighting should be used;

2. When a certain job When the illumination intensity of the area needs to be higher than that of general lighting, partitioned general lighting can be used;

3. For places with high illumination requirements, low density of working positions, and where it is unreasonable to install general lighting alone, mixed lighting should be used. Lighting;

4. Only local lighting should be installed in a workplace.

6. Can anyone tell me about car lights, that is, what kind of car light signals mean what?

Headlights are divided into high beam and low beam, which illuminate when the vehicle is moving. .

The small light and the turn signal are generally in the same position. The small light functions as a width light, that is, it can be turned on to display the width of the vehicle when parking in dusk or fog or at night. The turn signal is used for steering. It is located on both sides of the vehicle. It is divided into two switches: left and right front and rear switches. That is, when the vehicle wants to turn, the turn signal must be turned on in advance or when overtaking, the left turn signal must be turned on.

The front fog lights are usually turned on in foggy weather.

The rear tail lights (rear width lights) are located on both sides of the rear of the vehicle and are the same as the small lights (front width lights). switch.

The rear turn signal and the front turn signal have the same switch.

The rear fog light is located under the left rear tail light of the vehicle and is generally turned on at night when driving on the highway.

The brake light and the rear taillight have a lampshade, which lights up when the brakes are applied to let vehicles behind know that the vehicle in front is braking.

The license plate light is usually located above or next to the license plate. It is usually on the same switch as the small light and is used to illuminate the license plate, making it easier for traffic police to check the vehicle at night and see the vehicle license plate clearly.

7. Basic knowledge of stage lighting and sound

I think that for sound, it will basically affect every household now, but there will be good and bad respectively, so how much do you know about sound effects equipment! So how much do you know about stage lighting and sound? So today I will give you a brief introduction to the basic knowledge about audio and stage lighting, hoping to attract your attention.

1. When we watch the stage, we must pay attention to the colorful objects on the stage that show a lot of light, because it can first arouse our visual perception. These lights that arouse our visual perception should be our lives. Visible light is often mentioned in the media. They are seven kinds of monochromatic light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. However, according to a large number of experiments, it has been proved that we humans are also sensitive to yellow and green light. Therefore, we must pay attention to the deployment of light in the layout of stage lighting. , when arranging the tubes, we must also pay attention to the brightness and angle of the light, so that it will not make people feel dazzling, but also give people a beautiful enjoyment with the ups and downs of the music, so stage lighting is the visual Rhythmic impact beauty. And everyone should know that different colors have different psychological effects on people. Therefore, when most of us listen to songs, if the songs are melancholic and low-key, we will feel the colors emitted by the lights on the stage. It is relatively cold. If the singing voice is relatively high-pitched, then we will feel particularly excited, so its effect is relatively hot.

2. Regarding the types and characteristics of stage lighting, generally speaking, we all use incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, neon lights, laser lights and other lamps on the stage. Some of these lamps are manually controlled, and some are mechanically controlled. , some are controlled by sound, and some are controlled by computers, and some are controlled by programs, so they will give people different effects, and the use of spotlights will make the local lighting effect better and highly directional. Targeted, if there is a more eye-catching moment on the stage screen, we usually use spotlights. If we want to spread the focus of the stage, we will use backlights and floodlights, as well as the highest lights we often see. of these with computers. We also need to control these lamps according to the form of the stage, so that the music can achieve a better effect.

3. Regarding the speakers on the stage, since the speakers are a device that receives electrical signals and restores them into sound preferences, we will have a big difference in the selection of speakers. The following types include anti-magnetic speakers. , full-band speakers, flat-panel speakers, USB speakers, these types will have different effects. When matching the speakers on the stage, you must pay attention to the characteristics of the various speakers when placing them, so that the sound effect will be optimal. The number of placements should be moderate, because loudness control is more important. If our 500 shots per hour are too many, it exceeds the range of intensity that people can adapt to, and it will make people feel uncomfortable. As long as the music on the stage cannot reach the maximum level, Best results. I will introduce the basic knowledge about stage lighting and sound here. If we are going to hold a concert on campus or in other public places, everyone must master these basic common sense, otherwise The concerts of 15 stations will not achieve the best effect, and some will have contrasting phenomena. I hope it can help everyone.

Done Discard.