Which direction should Xinjiang's agriculture develop?
According to the overall requirements of accelerating the development of modern agriculture and promoting the construction of new socialist countryside, combined with the problems existing in agricultural development in our region and the opportunities and challenges faced in the next five years, we should strive to achieve the following development goals during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period:
(1) The supply of major agricultural products maintained steady growth. By 20 15, the sown area of grain will be 30 million mu, with an average yield of 450 kg per mu, and the production capacity will remain at13.5 million tons, among which the area of high-quality wheat will be stable at 150,000 mu, with a yield of more than 400 kg and a yield of more than 6 million tons, and the corn planting area will be expanded to1. The cotton planting area is stable at about 20 million mu, and the average yield is above 1.30 kg/mu, which is nearly 5% higher than that of 20 10, with a total output of more than 2.6 million tons and a cotton production capacity of 3 million tons. The oil planting area in the whole region reached 4.5 million mu, and the output reached 750,000 tons. According to the market demand, the planting area of sugar beet reaches160-1800,000 mu, with an annual output of 6.4-7.2 million tons of sugar beet and 800,000-900,000 tons of sugar.
(2) Facility agriculture and the production of agricultural products with advantages and characteristics have achieved rapid development. By 20 15, the total area of protective agriculture will reach10.5 million mu, an increase of 420,000 mu compared with 20 15, in which the areas of solar greenhouse and arch shed will reach 900,000 mu and 600,000 mu respectively. At the end of winter, the production capacity was obviously enhanced, and the market supply period of products was obviously extended. The total output of agricultural products in protected areas reached 5 million tons, double the 20 10. The average output value per mu reached 1 ten thousand yuan, an increase of 52.6% over 20 1. The per capita net income of farmers in the whole region is close to or more than 65,438 yuan, double that of 2,065,438 yuan. Realize regional layout, standardization construction, standardized production, industrialized operation and market-oriented operation. The base will realize all the water, electricity and roads, and all the products will meet the pollution-free standards, enhance the overall competitiveness of facility agriculture, and push the development of export-oriented facility agriculture to a new level. At the same time, special agricultural products such as processed peppers, processed tomatoes, seed melons, flax and safflower have been further developed, the processing conversion rate has been further improved, and the market advantage has been further highlighted.
(3) The quality and safety of agricultural products have been further improved. Agricultural standardized production capacity has been significantly improved, the quality and safety management system of agricultural products has been basically improved, Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) have been effectively implemented, agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control has been vigorously carried out, and the recovery rate of farmland residual film has strived to reach over 90%; Vigorously carry out the "three products and one standard" certification, green and organic food products broke through 1000, and the total output exceeded 5 million tons. Pollution-free production of edible agricultural products has basically been realized, the qualified rate of agricultural products has reached more than 95%, and the loss rate of pests and diseases of major crops has decreased by 3 percentage points. In accordance with the principle of "sub-regional, phased and time-divided", the market access system for agricultural products will be fully implemented in the whole region.
(4) Agricultural infrastructure conditions have been further improved. By 20 15, the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields and saline-alkali land will be intensified, and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction in agriculture and animal husbandry production will be significantly enhanced, the basic soil fertility will be improved by one grade, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer will be increased by 5- 10 percentage point, and the rural household biogas penetration rate will account for 52.3% of the suitable households. The level of agricultural machinery and equipment has been significantly improved. The total power of agricultural machinery reaches190,000 kilowatts (partially), and the comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation and harvesting reaches 85%.
(5) The degree of agricultural industrialization has been significantly improved. In 20 15 years, there were 15000 agricultural industrialization management organizations in the whole region, double the number in 20 10 years; The number of agricultural products processing enterprises reached 13 19, with an average annual increase of 48, and the processing rate of agricultural products reached 60%; Key leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization at or above the autonomous region level have reached 1 10,000, and the proportion of farmers driven by orders in the whole region has reached 60%; Vigorously develop farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations. By 20 15, the total number of farmers' professional cooperatives in the whole region will reach 8000, and more than 50% of the cooperatives will realize standardized production. Participating farmers will account for more than 30% of the total farmers in the region, and the income level of cooperative members will exceed that of other farmers by more than 20%. The interest linkage mechanism among farmers, enterprises and cooperative economic organizations will be closer, the degree of farmers entering the market will be significantly improved, and "one village, one product" will be strong.
(6) The ability to transform and apply agricultural science and technology has been further improved. By 20 15, the public service system of agricultural technology will be basically established, and Industry-University-Research will be more closely integrated, basically realizing "one household, one person, one technology". In the production of agricultural products, the technology of soil testing and formula fertilization, high-efficiency water-saving technology and high-yield cultivation technology of grain and cotton should be popularized in an all-round way, with more than 50 million mu each. The popularization area of protective agriculture and standardized production technology of dominant crops continued to expand, and the popularization rate of improved varieties of main crops reached 98. With the integration of information resources, the coverage of information network has been further expanded, and the "last mile" problem of information service has been effectively solved. Actively create a modern agricultural demonstration zone, and constantly strengthen the promotion of advanced agricultural technology, management system and marketing mechanism.
(7) Farmers' ability to increase income has been further enhanced, and their living standards have been further improved. The added value of agriculture in the whole region increased by more than 7% annually. By 20 15, the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen will reach more than 7,000 yuan, with an average annual increase of about 1 1%, reaching or approaching the national average. The quality of life of farmers has generally improved, and the production and living conditions have improved significantly. The per capita net income of farmers in southern Xinjiang has reached more than 85% of the regional average. The GDP of local state-owned farms in the whole region has increased by more than 8% annually, and the per capita net income of farm workers has reached more than 8,600 yuan, which is more than the average level of the autonomous region 1.600 yuan.
Chapter IV Regional Layout and Planting Structure
On the premise of focusing on the development of grain production in major grain-producing counties in the autonomous region and countries in the Ili Valley and improving the ability of food security, we will focus on the development of cotton, protected agriculture, melons and fruits and special horticultural production in southern Xinjiang; Focusing on cotton, processed tomatoes and protected vegetables along the Tianshan Mountains in northern Xinjiang, continuously optimizing the grain industrial structure around the development of animal husbandry; Grapes, cantaloupes and protected vegetables are the main products in the Turpan-Hami basin in the eastern Xinjiang. Yili, Tay Basin, Altay and other areas will focus on developing high-quality wheat, corn, miscellaneous beans, protected vegetables and seed melons. Actively develop the "vegetable basket" project in Urumqi, central cities around the country and counties and cities where large industrial and mining development zones are located to ensure the supply of fruits and vegetables in cities. Actively implement the brand strategy, accelerate the construction of characteristic agriculture and high-quality pollution-free, green food and organic agricultural products bases, and strengthen the brand cultivation, origin certification and market development of agricultural products.
First, food. Grain production adheres to the development policy of "regional balance and slight surplus", and in accordance with the requirements of the construction of national grain safety reserve base, accelerates the adjustment of grain distribution structure and variety structure, strives to improve the comprehensive grain production capacity and processing and transformation capacity, and promotes the steady growth of grain production capacity. Increase the proportion of high-quality wheat production and accelerate the development of high-quality grain and special grain production. Focus on the development of wheat, corn and forage corn production in Changji, Yili, Tacheng, Altay, Bortala, Bazhou, Aksu, Kashi and Hotan in southern Xinjiang, and the production of miscellaneous beans such as kidney beans and chickpeas in five northern prefectures and cold areas in Baicheng and Wushi counties, and Changji, Yili, Tacheng, Altay and Hami in northern Xinjiang.
—— Gong Liu County, Nilek, Chabuchar, Rem, Qitai, fukang city, changji city, Barkun, Yining, xinyuan county, Zhaosu, Tex, Huocheng, Tacheng, emin county, Shawan, Wusu, Wenquan and Qinghe are key areas for the development of high-quality wheat in northern Xinjiang; Luntai county, Yanqi, Kuqa, Shaya, Xinhe, Baicheng, Awati, Aksu, Wensu, Kashgar, Shule, Shufu, Yuepu Lake, Jiashi, bachu county, Mohammad, shache county, Zepu, Yecheng, Akto, Hotan and Mo Yuxian in southern Xinjiang.
—— Summer corn planting areas mainly include Hotan, Yutian, Luopu, Mo Yuxian, Pishan, Akto, bachu county, Jiashi, Shule, Yengisar, Shufu, shache county, Mohammad, Yecheng, Wushi, Wensu and Yili.
—— The preponderant areas of spring maize mainly include Changji, Altay, Gong Liu County, xinyuan county, Nilek, Chabuchar, Wenquan, Bole, changji city, Hutubi, Jimsar, Qitai, Rem, Baicheng, Yecheng, Wushi, shache county, Barkun and Tacheng.
—— Dominant areas for rice planting mainly include Wensu County, Chabuchar County and Midong District.
-The potato industry will focus on urumqi county, Jimsar, Qitai, Zepu, Yecheng, Baicheng, Barkun, Nilek, Fuyun, xinyuan county, Pishan, Shawan, Tashkurgan, Habahe, Yining, Zhaosu, Rem and other 17 counties (cities).
Actively develop soybean and other legume crops in suitable areas.
Second, cotton. Continue to maintain the dominant position of Xinjiang cotton in the whole country, optimize and adjust the internal structure of cotton according to market demand, and actively develop high-quality special cotton varieties such as medium-staple upland cotton, long-staple cotton and medium-staple cotton. Based on enhancing the market competitiveness of cotton industry, we will adhere to the policy of improved varieties, scientific planting, increasing yield, saving water and increasing efficiency, and processing value, and continue to build and consolidate the national high-quality commodity cotton production base in cotton suitable areas. Focus on increasing the breeding of cotton varieties with strong gluten, disease resistance and stress resistance; Fully popularize advanced practical technology and precision sowing technology based on cotton high-density cultivation and water-saving drip irrigation under plastic film; Focusing on "consistency" and "third line" of raw cotton, we will effectively enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of Xinjiang cotton in the international and domestic markets.
-Focus on the construction of high-quality upland cotton areas in southern Xinjiang, including Yingjisha County, Yuepuhu County, Shufu County, Zepu County, Yecheng County, Jiashi County, Shule County, Mohammad County, bachu county City, shache county City and Kashgar City in Aksu City, Xinhe County, Wensu County, Shaya County, Kuqa County, awat County and Keping County in Aksu City, and luntai county County and Bazhou County. Focus on the construction of cotton-wool areas in Awati, Shaya County, Korla City, bachu county and Tiji County, Ma Kai. Mohammad, bachu county, shache county, Aksu, Shaya, Kuqa, Korla, luntai county and Yuli counties, which are the key areas for the construction of long-staple cotton.
—— In the construction of high-quality upland cotton areas in northern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang, priority will be given to changji city, Manas and Hutubi in changji city, Wusu, Shawan and Hefeng in Tacheng, Jinghe and Bole in Bozhou, Toksun in Turpan and Hami in Hami 10 counties (cities). The medium-long staple cotton in northern Xinjiang will give priority to Wusu City and Jinghe County, and the organic cotton base will focus on Fengxian County.
Third, oil. Appropriately expand the planting area, speed up the improvement and popularization of new varieties, focus on improving quality, strengthen field production management, adjust varieties, reduce costs, pay attention to unit yield, increase output, and further expand the share of oil products in our region in the domestic market. Relying on leading enterprises to promote the industrialization of oil production, strive for brands and actively develop "green health care" products. It mainly develops rape, flax, oil sunflower, safflower, seed melon and peanut, and focuses on Yining County, Huocheng County, Tekes County, Zhaosu County, xinyuan county County, Qitai County, Hutubi County, Jimsar County, Tacheng City, emin county, Tori County, Bole City, Wenquan County, Altay City, Habahe County, Burqin County and Fuhai County. By 20 15, the sown area of rape will be stable at10.5 million mu, and the total output will be10.5 million tons; Oil sunflower is stable at 2 million mu with a total output of 420,000 tons; Flax has grown to 500,000 mu with a total output of 55,000 tons; 300,000 mu of safflower, with an output of 3,600 tons.
Fourth, beets. According to different ecological types and breeding needs in Xinjiang, we will carry out innovative research on beet germplasm resources and innovate new materials for beet breeding. On the premise of increasing sugar content, strengthen the breeding and popularization of new sugarbeet varieties with disease resistance and high sugar content. Focus on the development of Yining City, Yining County, Huocheng County, Chabuchar County, xinyuan county, Tekes County, Nilek County, Wusu City, Tacheng City, emin county, Shawan County, changji city, Hutubi County, Manas County, Qitai County, Jimsar County, Aksu and other places.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) facility agriculture. In accordance with the requirements of "scale, management and benefit", vigorously develop facility agriculture. By 20 15, the area of protective agriculture in southern Xinjiang will reach 650,000 mu, focusing on the development of production-oriented solar greenhouses in late winter and arch sheds in spring and autumn, taking into account the development of production-oriented solar greenhouses in spring and autumn; 300,000 mu in Dongjiang area, developing solar greenhouses and arch sheds for late winter production and spring and autumn production; There are 550,000 mu in northern Xinjiang. In the plain area, arch shed and spring and autumn production solar greenhouse are mainly developed, and in the mountain inversion area, the production solar greenhouse in late winter is actively developed. Based on the market in the region, focusing on the markets of neighboring countries, we will build protected agricultural production bases in Urumqi, Changji, Turpan, Hami, Bazhou and Hotan to ensure the supply of products in the region, build out-of-season export vegetable bases in Yili River Valley, Tacheng Basin, Kashgar, Aksu, Altay and Zhou Ke for the markets of Central Asia and neighboring countries, and build out-of-season production bases of cantaloupe and grapes for the mainland market in Turpan and Hami.
Sixth, other characteristic agriculture.
(1) melon. Actively cultivate new varieties with excellent commodity characteristics, speed up the renewal of main varieties, vigorously develop the production of green melon, rationally arrange, build early-maturing, facility-based high-quality four-season supply bases in Turpan, build medium-mature melon bases in Hami, Changji and Bazhou, and build late-mature melon bases in Hami, Kashgar and Altay, thus forming a pattern of production and supply matching early, middle and late maturity. Extend the supply period of melon to 20 15 years, the area will reach10.2 million mu, the output of high-quality melon will be 2.4 million tons, and the commodity rate of high-quality melon will reach 80%, so as to gradually realize the regionalization, production scale, quality standardization and industrialization of Xinjiang melon.
(2) Processing pepper. Market-oriented, expand leading enterprises, actively expand the area, optimize the variety structure, and accelerate the pace of standardized production. Focus on developing counties and cities (fields) related to Bazhou, Tacheng, Changji, Kashgar and Aksu. By 20 15, the planting area of processed peppers in the whole region is 6.5438+0.2 million mu, and the total output of fresh peppers is more than 2.4 million tons, and the processing rate is over 60%.
(3) Processing tomatoes. Continue to consolidate the leading position of Xinjiang's processing tomato production and processing in domestic and foreign markets, speed up the construction of a stable raw material production base around leading enterprises, and realize the supply period of raw materials for more than 90 days. Focus on the development of the southern margin of Junggar basin in northern Xinjiang and Yanqi basin in southern Xinjiang. The southern margin of Junggar Basin includes changji city, Manas, Hutubi and Jimsar counties, and Wusu and Shawan counties in Tacheng. The planting areas in Yanqi Basin include bohu county, Yanqi and Hejing counties in Bazhou. Actively promote the development of new production areas such as Baicheng County and Wushi County. By 20 15, the area of processed tomatoes in the whole region will reach1500,000 mu, with an annual output of 7.5 million tons of raw materials and 0.25 million tons of processed tomato products, and strive to achieve an annual sales rate of 95%.
(4) seed melon. Actively introduce and develop excellent varieties, do a good job in advanced technology training and popularization, strengthen field management, and improve product quality and output. Focus on the development of emin county and Tacheng in Tacheng area, Qitai county in Changji prefecture, Habahe county and Fuhai county in Altay area. By 20 15, the planting area of seed melon in the whole region will reach 2.8 million mu, and the seed output of seed melon will be 220,000 tons.
(5) flax. Focus on strengthening the construction of flax production bases in Yili, Changji, Tacheng and other producing areas, and stabilize the planting area at 1 10,000 mu by 20 15.
(6) Spice crops. Introduce and screen excellent varieties, speed up base construction, popularize standardized production, promote industrialized operation, expand leading enterprises, develop and utilize them in depth, and improve the competitiveness of terminal processing products. Focus on the development of Yanqi Basin, Ili Valley, Turpan, Kashgar, Aksu and some counties and cities in Hotan, such as lavender, rose, mint, fennel (cumin) and other spice crop production bases. By 20 15, the planting area of fennel (cumin) in Xinjiang will reach 6.5438+0.4 million mu, and the total output will reach 6.5438+0 million tons. The planting area of other aromatic plants will reach 200,000 mu, producing 200 tons of various aromatic plant essential oils and 0/00 tons of aromatic plant antioxidants, making it the largest herb aromatic plant in Asia.
7. Export-oriented agriculture.
Give full play to Xinjiang's unique geographical and resource advantages, actively face the international and domestic markets, focus on Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan and Turkmenistan, continuously expand the fields of foreign agricultural exchanges and cooperation, focus on Yili, Tacheng, Altay, Kashgar, Bazhou and Turpan, and accelerate the construction of export bases, logistics channels and market information networks for protected vegetables, flowers and other agricultural products. Vigorously promote the modernization, scale, standardization and intensification of the development of export-oriented agriculture, and build Xinjiang into the largest distribution center for the production, processing, trade and distribution of agricultural and sideline products in Central Asia.