Q: What is the development process of ancient buildings in China?
Its colors are mostly the natural colors of grass, wood and earth building materials, primitive and simple. With the improvement of social productivity and the enhancement of people's aesthetic consciousness, red soil, white mud, mussel shell ash and other paints were used for decoration and protection in buildings, and later, stone green, cinnabar, ochre and other pigments appeared. At first, people were mostly based on color preferences, totem symbols, feng shui and so on. Paint the building red, white, black and yellow. Due to the appearance of the stage, the rulers endowed the architectural colors with class content, and stipulated in the Book of Rites: should. Didan is a vassal, and the doctor is pale. The ideology of these ruling classes is obviously reflected in the grade and color of buildings. In the palaces of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the columns were mostly red and the walls were white. The hall and front eaves of the palace are decorated with colorful tapestries, embroideries, hall curtains, wall cloths and other paintings, which make the rulers' buildings noble, luxurious and magnificent. The Zhou Dynasty also stipulated that cyan, red, yellow, white and black were positive colors. The palaces, column walls and abutments are all painted red. This tradition of using red as a noble color has continued. Judging from the tile patterns unearthed in the Warring States period, Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu were used in the east, west, south and north respectively. It can be inferred that the buildings at that time used black, white, red and yellow to represent different directions. At this time, colorful paintings appeared on the beams of the building, and the colors of the building were more colorful. In the Han dynasty, palaces and government buildings also used red. There are a large number of written records of Dan Ying, Suzaku and Dan Yong. The palaces and terraces in the Han Dynasty were magnificent except for the simple interior of the common brick-wood houses. Smallpox is generally turquoise, beams are yellow, red, gold and blue, columns and walls are red or big red. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, Buddhism had a great influence, and the wind of comparison and extravagance prevailed. The color is more luxurious than before. Not only red, green, yellow and brown, but also gold, silver and jade are necessary materials. Green and cyan glazed tiles are popular, and dark blue and red glazed tiles are used. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the exposed parts of the wooden structures of buildings were painted with vermilion and the walls were painted with white powder. It is characterized by the combination of red and white, bright and pleasing to the eye, and simple and bright color sense. Since the Han Dynasty, red has retreated to yellow in rank, and the combination and contrast of cyan, red, white, black and yellow have produced varied architectural colors, such as purple columns, pale walls in Danyong and Zhu 'ao with green columns. On the pattern of architectural color painting, it is stipulated that green and red are the text, red and white are the chapters, white and black are the shadows, black and green are the shadows, and multicolor is the theoretical definition of embroidery. Since Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the appearance and use of glazed tiles on the roof made yellow occupy the most important position. In palaces, temples and official residences in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, red columns, white walls and beams were often painted with colors. The roof is composed of gray tiles, black tiles and colored glazed tiles, and a trimmed roof appears, which enriches the color changes of the roof. Song Dynasty preferred elegance to elegance, focused on taste, and pursued stability and simplicity in architectural color and interior decoration, which was influenced by Confucianism and Zen philosophy in Song Dynasty. During this period, most of the components were carved, and the colors were turquoise paintings, Zhu Jin ornaments, Baishitai, red walls and yellow tiles. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the palace used colorful paintings such as white stone terrace, red wall, red column, doors and windows, yellow-green glazed tile roof and eaves, which strengthened the contrast between cold and warm colors in architectural shadows and influenced the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the color grades of buildings were more strict and distinct, with yellow being the highest among glazed tiles, followed by green, blue, purple, black and white, with different uses. These colorful glazed tiles form the soft curves of the roofs of ancient buildings in China, and the rich roofs and the kisses of animals constitute the most prominent and beautiful features of ancient buildings in China. The white-walled, gray-tiled and green chestnut beams of ancient dwellings in China are in sharp contrast with the natural environment, showing the natural, simple, beautiful and elegant style of dwellings. The white pedestal, red walls and yellow tiles of the ancient royal buildings in China echo the blue sky and green trees, forming a strong primary color contrast. Warm buildings and cool paintings under the eaves form a contrast between cold and warm colors, forming a magnificent color style. Among them, the color application of the Forbidden City building is particularly typical.