What was the history of Shichahai in Beijing in Qing Dynasty?
Among the four hereditary palaces sealed after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, three palaces, namely Prince Gong's Palace, Prince Chun's Palace and Prince Qing's Palace, were built here. In addition, there are Alashan Palace, TaoBei Le Palace, Gunbei Palace and Zhao Hui Palace. These official residences have explained almost all of China's modern history, and also half of the history of Qing Dynasty.
The more famous ones are Qin Chun Wang Mi on the north shore of Houhai and Wang Gong Wang Fu in Qianhai West Street, which add a bit of extravagance to Shichahai. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Fu was not a private residence, but a public property of the royal family, where princes and county kings lived and worked daily. Other people's houses cannot be called "houses".
Xiao Shenyang came to power in the late Qianlong period, so he decided to build a mansion on the west bank of Shisha Qianhai. Gongwangfu Garden used to be a private residence in small Shenyang, and it was Qianlong's favorite. Later, it was given to Gongwangfu by Cixi, hence the name Gongwangfu. Gongwangfu is divided into two parts: a mansion and a garden. There are more than 30 architectural communities with exquisite layout and extraordinary momentum.
Mansion buildings are divided into three roads: East, Middle and West. Each route from south to north consists of multiple quadrangles, with a strict central axis running through it.
The main buildings in the middle road are Yin 'an Hall and Jialetang Hall, with green glazed tiles at the top, which shows the majestic style of the middle road and the identity of the prince.
Yin 'an Hall, also called Yin Luan Hall, is the main building of Gong Wangfu. As the main hall of the palace, it will only be opened when there are major events and important festivals, which will play a ceremonial role.
There is an inscription "Jialetang" in Jialetang, which was given to Shenyang by Emperor Qianlong, but there is no seal or inscription on it. However, there is a Collection of Poems of Jialetang in Little Shenyang, which indicates that this is the name of the room in Little Shenyang.
During the period of Prince Gong, Wang Fu mainly used Jialetang as a sacrificial place, which contained memorial tablets of ancestors and gods, mainly shamanism rituals.
The front yard of Donglu Road is called Duofu Concord. In front of the hall, there is a vine that has grown for more than 200 years, and it is still growing well, which is extremely rare. The main courtyard of the East Road Backward Courtyard is called "Ledaotang", which was the game of Prince Gong. Living quarters.
The quadrangles on West Road are small and exquisite, and the main buildings are Baoguang Room and Xijinzhai. The masterpiece is the tall Xijinzhai, with beautifully carved nanmu partition in the hall, which is modeled after Ningshou Palace in the Forbidden City in Shenyang.
In the deepest part of the mansion, there is a two-story building with a back cover, which is 156 meters long from east to west, with 88 windows in the back wall, and there are 108 rooms in it, commonly known as "ninety-nine and a half rooms", which means "profit due" in Taoism.
Its garden, also known as Cui Jinyuan, covers an area of 40 mu and has a high artistic level of design and layout.
The east, south and west sides of the garden are surrounded by horseshoe-shaped earth mountains. After the middle road enters the garden gate, the earth mountain acts as a barrier. After crossing the cave gate, I suddenly became enlightened, and there was a peak stone in the middle, named "Feilaifeng". In the east of the peak is Liu Beiting, and there is a concave pool in the middle of the north of the peak. The surface pool is a group of halls.
Through the hall into the central garden, there is a stone mountain, which is the main view of the whole garden. The whole park is arched in the shape of a "mountain", with mountains made of earth and stone on three sides and caves and valleys made of Fangshan stone in the middle. Standing on the top of the mountain and commanding, the garden landscape is even more impressive.
Behind the rock, there is a row of study rooms with zigzag plane, such as bats spreading their wings, which is called "Bat Hall". Garden West Road is dominated by a large rectangular pool with an island in the middle and a waterside pavilion on the island. On the north bank of the pool, there is a hall with a roof, opposite the waterside pavilion.
Garden East Road is a group of buildings, courtyards and theaters, and the halls in the middle road are connected by climbing corridors. Gongwangfu Garden is a large-scale and well-preserved garden, which is a classic of the affiliated gardens of Qing Palace along the Shichahai coast.
Qin Chunwang Mi is located on the north bank of Houhai, which is divided into four parts: the main courtyard, the hospital, the garden and the stable. In addition, there is a Chunxian Qin ancestral hall behind the mansion, covering an area of about 80 mu. Because the garden is located in the west of the house, it is called "West Garden".
When you enter the West Garden, you will see two earth-rock rockeries as barriers, and a small bridge across a bamboo forest along the mountain pass, including a pavilion. There is a hexagonal pavilion on the promenade, and the seal script is called "Bourne Pavilion". In the Qing Dynasty, people were not allowed to bring Yuquan water into the house, and it was a privilege to "bring Yu He to the court with a royal ceremony".
After seawater was introduced into the west of Shanxi Garden, it circled the garden and the Shandong end flowed out of the garden. In order to introduce Yuquan into the garden, the pavilion was named "Bowen" to show your majesty's kindness. Among the numerous Qing palaces and official residences along the Shichahai, this is the only garden that has won this honor.
176 1 year, Emperor Qianlong ordered the transformation of Zhenshui Kannonji, which was originally built in the Ming Dynasty on the northwest island of the West Sea in Shichahai, into Huitong Temple to worship the Dragon King. In the same year, the Shichahai River and the Crescent River were dredged, which changed the direction of water flow. Water flows from the West Sea into Qianhai and Houhai through the Crescent River. Because the downstream Qianhai flows back to Houhai, there is a saying that "silver ingots look at the scenery backwards".
Wang Fu in Qing Dynasty is one of the palaces in Beijing. Wang Yonglin, the first generation of Qing Dynasty, was the seventeenth son of Emperor Qianlong and the half-brother of Emperor Jiaqing. Lao Qing Wang Fu is in the north of Qianhaixi Street, in front of Xiaoshenyang Building. Later, the descendants of Qing attacked the post of general, and Emperor Xianfeng ordered him to move from the old palace to the former residence of Qishan, a university student in Dingfu Street.
During the Xianfeng period, Yi Kuang was promoted from General Guo Fu to Beizi and then to Baylor. Deeply appreciated by Empress Dowager Cixi, Yi Kuang was promoted to be the king of Qing county in Guangxu period, managing the prime minister's office and naval affairs, and later promoted to be the prince of Qing dynasty, and was named the hereditary successor. 1903, was awarded the title of military official, and became the last iron hat king in Qing dynasty.
After Yi Kuang was promoted to king of Qing county, the Qing palace was rebuilt on a large scale according to the palace regulations. At this time, Yi Kuang built a large-scale building in the palace, and built a swastika building and theater.
The mansion is magnificent and has a vast area. It is divided into five courtyards, with nearly 1,000 buildings, vermilion gates and tall palaces, but the roof is made of mud tiles instead of glazed tiles, which was one of the most magnificent palaces in Beijing at that time.
Taobei Yuefu was originally the amusement house where Wang Yunying, the fifteenth son of Kangxi, lived. During Tongzhi's reign, Belle was given back to England, and later she was found guilty and moved out of this house.
During the Guangxu period, Zai Tao, the seventh son of Prince Yi Xuan of Chunxi, adopted Wang Yi of Zhongxian County as the heir and inherited the title of Baylor, so he moved to Discovery Palace and called Taobeile House Baylor House.
The overall building of Taobei Yuefu is about 1 1,000 square meters, facing south and east, and it is divided into middle road, east road and west road. There are four courtyards in the middle, four courtyards in the east and three courtyards behind. There are only three rows of houses on the west road, and the theater is on the west. There are long corridors, pavilions, flower halls and rockeries in the south of the garden.
Rolled-tube building is also known as Prince Cheng's new home. According to "Miscellaneous Records", "Cheng Taizi's new residence" is located in the official garden. Because it was for the king, a new mansion was built on the basis of ginger.
After the death of Prince Cheng, his seventh son, Hongming, succeeded to the throne as an official and was later named Beizi, so this house is also called the Hongming House of Gushan Beizi.
According to the Complete Map of Beijing in the Qianlong period, this mansion starts from Shuiche Hutong in the east, neighbors Guangze Hutong in the west and reaches the south bank of Jishuitan in the north. It covers a large area and has strict regulations. The main entrance of the mansion is five rooms wide, the main hall is seven rooms wide, the east-west annex is five rooms wide, the back hall is three rooms wide and the back bedroom is five rooms wide.
The main body is on the west road, and the eastern part is dominated by gardens, with a large scale. There are pavilions, towering old trees, dotted with rocks and surrounded by earth mountains. There is a lake in the park, and there is an earth-rock island in the lake. The lake is drawn from the jishuitan.
According to the system of Qing dynasty, the water in Jishuitan is for imperial use, and no one can introduce it without special approval. HTC has no special achievements, but it also enjoys such privileges. After Hongdan, the owner of the house is Yongshan, the third son of Hongdan, Miance, the third son of Yongshan, and Guo Yi, the successor of Miance.
After the game fruit did not inherit the eight-point auxiliary lord protector, it moved to another place, and this house was given to Princess Zhuang Jinggulun as a house. Princess Zhuang Jinggulun was the fourth daughter of Emperor Jiaqing, and later married Mani Badala, the hereditary son of Tumote.
Their son, Delek Seri, inherited Beizi, and the son of Delek Seri, Sotnam, inherited Beizi, and then Bangbuzab inherited Beizi, so it was called Bangbeizi House, and it continued.
Later, most of the original buildings in Gunbeizi House were demolished, leaving only three flower halls with rolled roofs, two heavy buildings with hard mountains and ridges, and a lake rockery.
One year, Xiao Shenyang, the military minister of the Qing Dynasty, built an S-shaped dam in front of Shisha. Later generations, commonly known as the "river bank", divided Qianhai into two parts. The water on the east side of the dam is called "Qianhai" and the water on the west side is called "Xixiaohai".
Because this area is a gathering place for royalty and literati, restaurants and music stations are naturally developed. Huixiantang, located on the northern edge of Qianhai, was originally the private residence of Binru, assistant minister of Guangxu Ritual Department in Qing Dynasty. There is a stage inside, and the words "outstanding sages" are written on the door, which has become a gathering place for literati and scholars.
In addition, Shichahai is named after 10 temples around it, including Guanghua Temple, Huode Zhenjun Temple, Huguo Temple, Baoan Temple, Zhenwu Temple, Baima Guandi Temple, Yousheng Temple, Wanning Temple, Shihu Temple and Wanyan Temple. There are other temples near Shichahai, such as Guangfu Temple and Longhua Temple.
Huode Zhenjun Temple is dedicated to Zhenwu Emperor, holding a turtle and snake statue symbolizing the spirit of heaven and earth. Legend has it that when Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu began to build a metropolis, turtles and snakes appeared on the Gaoliang River outside Xizhimen. Ministers explained that this is the emergence of the true warrior god, and Wu Shen's virtue is only water, and water can overcome fire, and the Song Dynasty is doomed!
Kublai Khan was overjoyed and ordered to build a "Dazhaoying Palace" in the place where turtles and snakes infested the Gaoliang River, in order to worship the Zhenwu Emperor. This large-scale Zhenwu Temple was built next to Haizi in the city center. Later, after the Yuan Dynasty unified China, Yuan Chengzong named Zhenwu as the "Yuan God", making Zhenwu the highest god in the north!
Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, especially worshipped Zhenwu the Great. In the "Battle of Jingnan" to seize the imperial power, he advocated that the true gods in the north should help each other, which is God's help. When he became emperor, he added Zhenwu as "the innocent and mysterious god of Arctic Town". Wudang Mountain was named "Taihe Mountain in Da Yue", and the "Golden Hall" and the golden statue were built, which cost millions to build Wudang Mountain into a heavenly palace.
Zhenjun Hall, Vulcan, sat facing south and entered the courtyard. The mountain gate faces east and opens in the southeast corner of the temple, facing the street outside Di 'anmen. There are archways inside and outside the mountain gate. The mountain gate is the rest peak, with a wide face, yellow glazed tiles and green edges. The original bell tower and drum tower in the mountain gate. Enter the mountain gate, cross the attached hall to the west, and enter the north and south courtyards.
The south inverted room is the Hall of Long En, three rooms wide, leaning on the top of the mountain, dedicated to Wang Lingguan, the true king of Long En. The main hall in the north is the Hall of Fire Ancestors, which is three rooms wide and three rooms deep. It rests on the top of the mountain, out of Baoxia in front, where Vulcan, Nanhuode and Star King are enshrined. To the west is the annex hall.
Huguo Temple is one of the eight major temples in Beijing. It used to be the official residence of Togtoh, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty. Formerly known as Guo Chong Temple, 1429 was renamed Dalongshan Temple. 1472 was named Dalongshan Huguo Temple. 1722, Mongolian maharaja Baylor renovated the temple to celebrate the birthday of the Holy Father. He made great efforts to repair the temple and named it Huguo Temple, also known as West Temple, echoing the Long Fu Temple in the East Temple.
In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Liu and Yu Yizheng wrote "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital": Dalongshan Temple was good at protecting the country, and everyone called for the worship of the temple, and the name of the temple began. People are full of slang and their names are given by others. Temple from the beginning to the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor celebrated, expanded, repaired and finally repaired. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were two halls for worshipping the country, north and south, also in the north.
I have declared my virtue and given my name to Longshan. Chenghua is a benevolent minister, protecting the name of the country. Zheng De Ren Shen, Xi Xifan, the King of the Qing Dynasty, led Bandan, Dajue, the King of the Qing Dynasty and Xiao Zangbo lived here, and the temple was a masterpiece. The third hall, the eighth hall and the last hall of life. Tower 2 next to the temple is called stupa.
There are many inscriptions in the courtyard, including Zhao Mengfu's Monument to a Master who Believed in Religion in the First Year of Qing Dynasty and Su Wei's Monument to the Elected Public in the Twenty-fourth Year of Longan, Zheng Zhi.
In addition to offering sacrifices to Buddhist ancestors, there are statues of the Prime Minister of the Yuan Dynasty and his wife, and the Yao Cinema built to assist the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. There are also several acres of vineyards, which shows its scale.
Tang Yan, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote in Tian Wen Zhi: Longshan Huguo Temple, commonly known as Huguo Temple, was the Guo Chong Temple in the Yuan Dynasty. Zhao Shu played the public monument, and the dangerous servant selected the public monument, all under the eastern steps of the temple. On July 8th, there was a temple market adjacent to Long Fu Temple, but Hongkai was already open.
Huguo Temple Temple Fair is as famous as Long Fu Temple Fair, that is, the so-called "East-West Temple" of West Temple. Zhi Zhu Ci in Kyoto says: The East and West temples are genuine, which can cost millions a day. How many noble people are here, and the clothes are still fragrant and smoke-proof.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the decreasing water resources in Shichahai area, the gardens and temples around the lake were abandoned year by year, leaving only a few temples such as Jingyi Temple and Huitong Temple, while most other palaces, gardens and ancient temples had collapsed.
Before summer comes, when the lotus is in full bloom, many vendors gather on the riverbank to sell snacks and tea, which has gradually become a summer resort for Beijing people.
Starting from the Yuan Dynasty, relying on this water area, the central axis of capital construction was determined on the east coast, and Shichahai became the core of urban planning and water system in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. After hundreds of years of development, Shichahai has accumulated a profound culture of all walks of life, from royalty, literati to ordinary people.
The hutongs and quadrangles here constitute the customs and culture of old Beijing and the history of old Beijing. Along the winding river of Shichahai, irregular but dense mesh hutongs are formed. These hutongs are built according to the situation and are natural. They are known as the "water towns in the north", the source of ancient capital and culture, and a resort for people to relax and feel the history.
In addition, there are very rare natural landscapes and historical features of cultural relics. Historical relics everywhere are like pearls, which adorn Shichahai beautifully and brilliantly.