What are the names of "shoes" in ancient times? How have shoes evolved from ancient times to the present?
How have shoes evolved from ancient times to the present? Below we will introduce the relevant content of the editor in detail.
For modern handsome men and beautiful women, they must dress up before going out. A pair of handsome shoes is an indispensable factor. Let’s take a look at the types first, sports shoes, Martin boots, casual shoes, and leather shoes. Some smart guys also wear clogs. Want a name brand? What, Adidas, Nike, Puma, Vans, etc. It must be said that social progress has made our lives more colorful. Even with a regular pair of shoes, there are plenty of options.
Then the question is, we now have many choices. What shoes did our ancestors who lived in ancient times wear?
The earliest shoes - feet covered with animal skins
There is no doubt that ancient people were naked at first. After all, at that time, it was good for human beings to barely survive, and there was no even concept of shoes. With the continuous advancement of human beings, hunting tools have also developed, and large carnivores like tigers and leopards have also become a dish. In addition to eating meat, smart humans also use tools to peel fur. This kind of animal skin can cover the body and keep warm, and can also protect the feet, so that humans will not suffer from frostbite in the cold winter. Thus the earliest shoes in history were born, which will accompany mankind for thousands of years.
As the years go by, when the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors become a thing of the past, and time comes to the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the shoes we wear finally have names. Unlike today's shoes, which are called "canvas shoes" and "casual shoes", ancient shoes were not called shoes. People had their own names.
The Emperor's Shoes - Yi
The word "Xi'an" has to be pronounced four times. Not easy to write, but the most noble in shoes. Why? These are the "royal shoes" of emperors, generals and ministers. Before the appearance of dragon boots, emperors, tribal leaders, and princes all wore these. As the Duke of Zhou devoted himself to serving, marking etiquette and rank, the shoes worn by the King of Zhou also became a top priority, and the official responsible for the shoes of the King of Zhou and his queen Li Ren was born. He was responsible for the costumes of the king and queen. Fu is the general name for ancient shoes. The standard dress of King Zhou was to wear a crown suit, which meant that red shoes were the most popular, followed by white and black. In order to highlight the nobility of King Zhou, the people had to add a layer of soles under the red carpet, that is, "put the shoes under the wooden floor." So the color red, with leather on the top and wood on the bottom, became the characteristic of red hair.
Qin Shihuang unified the world and established the first centralized feudal state in history. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very talented in fighting the Xiongnu. The standard portraits of these two men are almost all wearing the crown of heaven, wearing court clothes, and the tip of their shoes, which seems to declare the emperor's dignity to everyone. Even the shoes on the soles of the feet shine with the majesty of the emperor.
The first name of shoes - Yi
Emperors and princes wore clothes. What do ordinary people wear? It is made from grass, hemp and kudzu. The word "ju" has four sounds. In addition to representing the most noble shoes in ancient times, the word "Ju" actually also means multiple soles. If you are rich and powerful, you can wear thick-soled wooden shoes, which are durable. What to do if you have no money? Only single layer shoes can be worn. And the court had regulations that these shoes were made of silk and leather and could be decorated. These low-end shoes made of kudzu are not qualified to do this, but please don’t feel that they are not durable enough to hurt your feet. For ordinary people, having a pair of shoes is good. Worse still, it's all bare!
Can be worn by both men and women, and there are many kinds of good-looking shoes - toe shoes
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, princes and nobles often wore shoes with their heads turned upward. Especially in the TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"), the so-called toe-lift shoes are the toe-lifts of the shoes. Since most of the clothing for men and women in ancient times were wide robes and wide sleeves, it was easy to mop the floor, and standing on tiptoe could avoid tripping due to stepping on clothes during movements. At the same time, the clever ancients also used toe-lifting shoes as a kind of decoration on shoes, giving them a unique beauty. There are many types of toe-lift shoes, which can be divided into cloud shoes, gold thread shoes, cloud-toe shoes, water-toe shoes, etc. In terms of patterns and styles, there are also leather shoes, silk shoes, cloth shoes, etc. From the material point of view. Due to their comfort and wide variety, raised-toe shoes were quickly welcomed by the upper class. Whether they were princes, nobles or scholars, they all regarded them as beautiful.
"Actually, it's "I'm so happy that I don't even feel like my tooth is broken." "This is a typical case of failure to show off!
Even the prime minister stepped on clogs, which shows that clogs were very popular at that time and had a large audience. Xie Lingyun, the great poet of the Southern Dynasties, was a travel fanatic. On his way through mountains and rivers, he We also improved the wooden clogs. Don’t the wooden clogs have two wooden teeth on the front and back? It is widely circulated among the people. In the period of "Dreamwalking Tianmu Yin Liu Farewell", he wrote "I wore Xie's earliest spikes and climbed up the Biyun Stairway". On the way to the sun-drenched ocean, the sacred rooster appeared. Crying in space. "It can be seen that clogs have not disappeared in later generations, and there are still many poems about clogs in ancient poems. Ye Shaoweng wrote: "You have to pity your clogs and print them with moss, but you can't drive firewood for a long time." Zeng Gong wrote, "If you are in the upper cabinet, you will be in the autumn." Although people are in daily life He no longer wears clogs, but Xie Lingyun's leisurely and elegant spirit makes the poet yearn for and envy him. When traveling and visiting friends, they still wear clogs, which symbolize freedom and freedom. Maybe this can bring them closer spiritually to the scholars of Wei and Jin!
Exotic charm-boots
In fact, boots are high heels, and there are many theories about its origin. Some people think that boots were introduced from the northern ethnic minorities when riding horses and archery - "The boots are made by Gai Ye. In the past, Wang Wuling of Zhao State liked Khufu very much and always liked him." Some people think that they were introduced by the northern nomads. Music, song and dance, but there is no doubt that boots originated from many nomadic peoples with cattle and horses, and were first used in warfare. At first, people in the Central Plains only wore boots when riding horses, but after the cultural integration of farming people and nomadic peoples in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, boots became part of the Han people's shoes.
There are also many kinds of boots, such as leather boots, felt boots, leather boots, cloud boots, etc. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the social atmosphere was open, and the costumes of various ethnic groups in the Western Regions were deeply loved by the people of the Central Plains. In the Tang Dynasty, many people wore Hu clothes and leather boots. After the troops of the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, boots in the north became more common. There is such a story in "Dream of Red Mansions". Shi Xiangyun was wearing men's clothes on a snowy day, with tight narrow sleeves and deerskin boots. Even Lin Daiyu laughed at her as a "little slut". It can be seen that although boots have been in the Central Plains for hundreds of years, they still have a strong foreign flavor.
Let’s introduce official boots again. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, boots were designated as official uniforms, and officials had to wear boots in court. Don't look at it as just a pair of simple boots, they have to be distinguished! For example, the third-level officials use purple piping, the fifth-level officials use crimson piping, and the seventh-level officials and above use blue decoration. Boots were very popular in the Tang Dynasty and could be worn by everyone from emperors to common people. There are many styles of boots, including cloud boots, gooseneck boots, Korean boots, floral boots, etc. But in the early Ming Dynasty, boots became the exclusive product of the ruling group, and only officials and nobles were eligible to wear them. However, this restriction was later lifted, but the court stipulated that boots worn by civilians should not be dyed black and decorated to distinguish official boots.
It is said that the best official boots in the Qing Dynasty were all made with built-in boots. Not only are the shoes well made, but the service attitude is also outstanding. They will keep detailed records of guests' shoe size requirements. When adults want to buy shoes, they only need to say hello and they will be delivered to your home. Therefore, people in the capital always use "horses gathered on the top of the head, feet made of inner joints, wearing eight auspicious clothes, four waists unchanged." as a capital to show off.
Bow-knot shoes, flowerpot-soled shoes
Bow-shaped shoes are cruel and perverted shoes, which mainly appeared after the Song Dynasty and were very common in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Bow shoes are worn by women after their feet are bound. Because footbinding gave their feet an arched shape, the oddly shaped shoes were called arched shoes. We know that the process of foot binding is extremely painful. In fact, it turns a woman's feet into the "three-inch golden lotus" that men like. So even though these bow-tie shoes are shoes, women with small feet cannot walk at all and can only walk with the help of others. Women's frail appearance satisfied men's animal desires, so the practice of foot binding became more and more popular starting from the Song Dynasty. Finally, foot binding is beautiful. If a woman has big feet.
Looking at this arched shoe, which is less than a palm long, and thinking about the hardships and pains that ancient women suffered when binding their feet, we can only be glad that this shoe has become a cultural relic, and let it stay in the window forever and never appear again!
Flower pot bottom shoes are exclusive shoes for Manchu girls. In fact, when it comes to flowerpot shoes, we are all familiar with them. The concubines and maids in Qing palace dramas all have the feet of the people. Flowerpot-soled shoes are a type of embroidered shoes unique to the Manchu people. They are named after the soles are shaped like flowerpots. The biggest feature of flowerpot bottom shoes is that the soles are made of wood and are very high off the ground. They can have exquisite patterns on the uppers and uppers, which are a bit like the high heels of the Qing Dynasty. Girls walk elegantly in them and have a certain flavor. But this kind of flower pot bottom looks much more difficult to walk on than modern high heels. We can't help but sweat for the women of the Qing Dynasty.
In addition, women in the Qing Dynasty had a variety of choices, such as ingot shoes, horseshoe shoes, flat shoes, etc.
In addition, cloth shoes are popular among people, especially the ruling class after the Qing Dynasty, because they are light, breathable and comfortable. Boots must be worn on solemn occasions such as offering sacrifices to heaven and earth or going to court, but they must be worn c
For ordinary people, countless pairs of straw sandals may last a lifetime. Do you still remember "The Steps" in our Chinese textbooks? My father worked hard for most of his life to build a new house. "Broken straw sandals were piled on the steps." Maybe this hard-working old man never expected to wear good shoes. After all, it was not easy to survive in that era.
Shoe Culture
In addition to making and wearing shoes, the Chinese have also developed a unique shoe culture. From 0755 to 79000, there is a saying: "If you can't sit with the elderly, you can't walk in the classroom." If you don't dare to solve the problem, just do it, raise your knees and sift on the side. "It means you cannot wear shoes directly when going to the court or visiting. You have to take off your shoes, and you have to take them off secretly. After all, in the eyes of the ancients, it was not elegant for you to sit on the steps with your butt stuck out, or act daringly.
This is because before the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were no chairs, stools or sofas, so it was extremely impolite to spread a mat indoors, which would definitely stain the mat. After the Tang Dynasty, with the influx of foreign tables and chairs, people began to sit on chairs instead of sitting on the floor, so they did not have to take off their shoes in court or when visiting. Shoes.
However, shoe culture has been influencing us in a subtle way. Whether we are traveling or visiting, our shoes must be clean and tidy, and now every house has paved floors, and we must take off our shoes when visiting. The host has shoe covers, so we have to put them on and be careful not to damage them and make them dirty on the floor. If the host gives you slippers, put your own shoes in order and don't let the shoes be different. Display is enough to show a person's moral cultivation.
This is what our ancestors taught us.