What components does a cyclone dust collector consist of?

Cyclone dust collectors began to be used in 1885 and have developed into many forms. According to the airflow entry mode, it can be divided into two categories: tangential entry type and axial entry type. Under the same pressure loss, the latter can handle about three times the gas of the former, and the gas flow is evenly distributed. Cyclone dust collector

The cyclone dust collector is composed of an air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, a cylinder, a cone and an ash hopper. The cyclone dust collector has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, install and maintain, and has low equipment investment and operating costs. It has been widely used to separate solid and liquid particles from air flows, or to separate solid particles from liquids. Under normal operating conditions, the centrifugal force acting on particles is 5 to 2500 times that of gravity, so the efficiency of the cyclone dust collector is significantly higher than that of the gravity settling chamber. Using this principle, we successfully developed a cyclone dust removal device with a dust removal efficiency of more than 90%. Among mechanical dust collectors, cyclone dust collectors are the most efficient. It is suitable for the removal of non-sticky and non-fibrous dust, and is mostly used to remove particles above 5 μm. The parallel multi-tube cyclone dust collector device also has a dust removal efficiency of 80~85% for particles of 3 μm. The cyclone dust collector is constructed of special metal or ceramic materials that are resistant to high temperature, abrasion and corrosion, and can operate at temperatures up to 1000°C and pressures up to 500×105Pa. Considering the technical and economic aspects, the pressure loss control range of cyclone dust collector is generally 500~2000Pa. Therefore, it is a medium-efficiency dust collector and can be used to purify high-temperature flue gas. It is a widely used dust collector and is mostly used in boiler flue gas dust removal, multi-stage dust removal and pre-dust removal. Its main disadvantage is its low removal efficiency of fine dust particles (<5μm).

1. Introduction

Cyclone dust collector is a type of dust removal device. The dust removal mechanism is to make the dust-containing air flow rotate, use centrifugal force to separate the dust particles from the air flow and capture them on the wall, and then use gravity to make the dust particles fall into the ash hopper. Each component of the cyclone dust collector has a certain size ratio. Changes in each proportional relationship can affect the efficiency and pressure loss of the cyclone dust collector. Among them, the diameter of the dust collector, the size of the air inlet, and the diameter of the exhaust pipe are the main influencing factors. . When using it, it should be noted that when a certain limit is exceeded, favorable factors can also be converted into unfavorable factors. In addition, some factors are beneficial to improving dust removal efficiency, but they will increase pressure loss, so the adjustment of each factor must be taken into consideration.

2. Basic information

3. Advantages

Cyclone dust collector-production application is calculated based on the previous axial velocity convection area integration method. Changes in the downward flow rate after installing different types of drag reduction rods in the cyclone dust collector, and plot the percentage of the downward flow rate at different sections to the total processing flow rate of the dust collector under various circumstances to indicate the average flow rate in the upstream and downstream flow areas. That is, the difference between the downward flow rate and the actual flow rate in the lower ground flow area. It can be seen that the short-circuit flow rate and the drop flow rate change along the height of the dust collector for each model. Compared with the conventional cyclone dust collector, the short-circuit flow rate increases after installing full-length drag reduction rods 1# and 4#, but the short-circuit flow rate decreases after installing non-full-length drag reduction rods H1 and H2. After installing 1# and 4#, the changing pattern of the falling flow rate along the process is basically the same as that of the conventional cyclone dust collector, showing a linear distribution, with the three lines falling almost in parallel. However, after installing H1 and H2, the distribution becomes a broken line instead of a straight line, and its inflection point is exactly the cross-sectional position where the drag reduction rod is inserted from bottom to top. It can also be seen that the non-full-length drag reduction rod causes the downward flow rate to increase at each section above the section. The downward flow rate is larger than that of a conventional dust collector. However, after contacting the drag reduction rod, the downward flow rate decreases rapidly, and reaches the cone. The bottom of the body reaches or is lower than that of a conventional dust collector.

The reduction of short-circuit flow can improve the dust removal efficiency, increase the downward flow of the cross-section, and increase the residence time of dust-laden air in the dust collector, creating more separation opportunities for dust. Therefore, although the drag reduction effect of a non-full-length drag reduction rod is not as good as that of a full-length drag reduction rod, it is more conducive to improving the dust removal efficiency of the cyclone dust collector. There is up to 24% short-circuit flow near the inlet section of the exhaust core pipe of a conventional cyclone dust collector, which will seriously affect the overall dust removal effect. How to reduce this part of short-circuit traffic will be a research direction to improve efficiency. Although the drag reduction effect of the non-full-length drag reduction rod is not as good as that of the full-length drag reduction rod, it will be more effective because it reduces the short-circuit flow of the conventional cyclone dust collector and increases the downward flow of the section, thereby improving the dust removal efficiency of the cyclone dust collector. practical significance.

IV. Classification

① High-efficiency cyclone dust collector, with a smaller cylinder diameter, is used to separate finer dust, with a dust removal efficiency of more than 95%;

< p>② Large-flow cyclone dust collector, with a large cylinder diameter, is used to handle large gas flow, and its dust removal efficiency is more than 50-80%;

③ General-purpose cyclone dust collector, handling air volume Moderate. Due to different structural forms, the dust removal efficiency fluctuates between 70-85%.

④ The explosion-proof cyclone dust collector has an explosion-proof valve itself and has an explosion-proof function.

According to the structural form, it can be divided into long cone, cylinder, diffusion type and bypass type.

According to the combination and installation conditions, they are divided into internal cyclone dust collectors, external cyclone dust collectors, vertical and horizontal types, and single-tube and multi-tube cyclone dust collectors.

According to the airflow introduction situation, the flow path of the airflow after entering the cyclone dust removal, and the form with secondary air, it can be broadly divided into the following two types:

①Tangential flow reversal Type cyclone dust collector ② Axial flow cyclone dust collector