Why does Guqin take the five tones of gold, wood, water, fire and earth as its seven strings?
Article 2: Gold is business. Venus should be in the autumn festival. Second only to the palace. Seventy-two silk strings can make decisions, so they are called ministers.
Three strings: wood is the angle. Jupiter should be a spring festival. 64 strings are used for strings. Touch the ground for it. So, it is for the people. It is humble to submit to the monarch and his subjects. So the same is true for the three strings and the lower eight strings.
Sixian: Fire is a constellation. Mars should be a summer festival. 54 strings are used as strings. Everything becomes beautiful. So, it's a matter of doing.
Five strings: water is a feather. Mercury should be in the winter festival. 48 strings. Collect clear things. Therefore, it is a thing.
Liuxianqin: the palace of the sound of literature. Smart, soft and tough. It was also added by King Wen.
Seven strings: the sound of martial arts is less than the victim. Wu Xinggang should be soft. It was also added by the king of Wu.
1. Introduction:
Guqin started with only five strings, representing gold, wood, water, fire and earth. During this period, two more strings, also called lyre, were added, representing literature and martial arts respectively.
Guqin, also known as lyre, Qin Yu and lyre, refers to the guqin in the four major skills of ancient literati, namely, playing piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. As one of the oldest plucked instruments in China and the earliest plucked instrument in China, its history is almost as long as that of Chinese civilization.
Guqin belongs to silk in octave, or plucked instrument in stringed instrument family. Guqin has a wide range, deep timbre and lingering sound, which has great oriental cultural characteristics. Guqin has always been valued by literati, and is known as "the father of national music" and "the instrument of saints". In the long history, it has accumulated a large number of documents, infiltrated with other ideas and art forms, and played a decisive role in China's traditional culture.
2. Guqin structure:
Guqin is a flat and long speaker, with a length of about 130 cm, a width of about 20 cm and a thickness of about 5 cm. The panel, also known as the piano face, is a long wooden board with an arched surface. The head of the piano has chord holes, the tail of the piano is oval, and there are crescent-shaped or square-folded people on both sides of the neck and waist. The bottom plate, also known as the piano bottom, has the same shape as the panel, but it is not arched. The belly of the piano is dug in the lower half of the whole piece of wood. There are two sound holes in the bottom plate, called Longchi and Fengman respectively. There are two foot holes near the waist in the middle, and two feet are installed on them to praise the feet. The piano face and the bottom plate are bonded to form the piano body, and the tongue-shaped wooden board is bonded inside the piano head to form a space separated from the belly of the piano, which is called the piano tongue.
Cave.
There is a sound beam on the back of the panel, also called Shi Xiang. There are two pillars in the belly of the piano, called Tianzhu and Judy. Chords, also called Qin Zhen, are mostly round or melon-shaped, hollow (for threading), and the strings are tied with velvet ropes and tied around the harp. The strings are wrapped in silk. Yueshan is embedded in the head of the panel and also has a chord hole. There are four feet on the floor. The first two feet are called palms and the last two feet are called tail stickers, which play the role of flattening the body. Thirteen badges made of mother-of-pearl or jade are embedded in the panel to mark phonemes. The length of a piano is generally about three feet six inches and a half (about 120- 125 cm), which symbolizes 365 days a year (just like 365 degrees on Sunday). Usually about six inches (about 20 centimeters) wide. Generally about two inches (about 6 cm) thick. Qin was first made according to the shape of a phoenix, and its whole body corresponds to the phoenix (or human body), including head, neck, shoulders, waist, tail and feet.
The upper part of the "piano head" is called forehead. The lower end of the forehead is inlaid with hardwood supporting strings, which is called "Moon Mountain", also known as "Lin Yue", and is the highest part of the piano. There are two sound grooves at the bottom of the piano, the larger one in the middle is called "Dragon Pool" and the smaller one at the tail is called "Phoenix Marsh". This is called going up the mountain and down the river, and there are dragons and phoenixes, which symbolize the world. There is a hardwood strip named "Lu Cheng" on the forehead of Yueshan Mountain. There are seven "string eyes" on the table, which are used to tie strings. There are seven "Qin Zi" under it for tuning. On the side end of the piano head, there are also "phoenix eyes" and "guards". From the waist down, it is called "the end of the piano". The end of the piano is inlaid with a kind of hardwood "Dragon Gum" with shallow grooves, which is used for threading. The decorations on both sides of the dragon glue are called "crown angle", also known as "focal tail".
The exposed parts of the seven strings pass through Yueshan and Gui Long, and become a pair of "goose feet" at the bottom of the piano, symbolizing the seven stars. There are thirteen "Qin Emblems" on the face of the piano, which symbolize the twelve months of a year and a leap month respectively.
There are two hidden grooves in the belly and head of the piano, one is the tip of the tongue, the other is the sound pool, and the other is the sound receiving end, also called rhyme marsh. Corresponding to Longchi and Fengman, there is often a "Yin Na" in every place. Yinna in Longchi has a "Tianzhu" on the head side and a "pillar" on the tail side. When making a sound, "the sound wants to pass by, but it lingers, but it has a aftertaste." Because the piano has no "pin" (column) and "code", it is very convenient to play flexibly, and it has the characteristics of extremely long effective strings, large vibration amplitude of strings and endless reverberation, so it has its unique hand-walking sound.
Guqin, one of the oldest plucked instruments in China, was called Guqin at the beginning of this century. The creators of Qin are said to be "Fuxi used to play the piano", "Shennong played the piano" and "Shun played the piano with five strings and sang the south wind". As a legend, you may not believe it, but you can see that Qin has a long history in China.
Qin was very popular in the pre-Qin era, such as "The Book of Songs": "Playing the piano and chanting"; "The Book of Songs": "Harps and harps are in the imperial court, so be quiet." According to the existing images and documents, at the latest in the late Han Dynasty, Qin had been roughly shaped into the general shape of later generations. The Qin made in the Tang Dynasty has been passed down to this day. Compared with the Qin made in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are only differences in artistic style and tone pursuit.
As early as the time of Confucius, Qin became a compulsory instrument for literati. For thousands of years, Qin has been closely related to the life of literati. Confucius, Cai Yong, Ji Kang and Su Shi are all famous for playing the piano. The music of Qin is sacred and elegant, magnanimous and detached. The ancients used it to express their feelings and place their hopes. Qin goes far beyond the meaning of music and becomes a symbol of China's culture and ideal personality.
Since the Tang Dynasty, Guqin has its own special notation, which records the string position and emblem position, as well as the playing methods of left and right hands, but does not directly record the pitch. It consists of radicals, numbers and some simplified characters of Chinese characters, and is called subtraction spectrum. Subtraction notation is so meticulous and scientific in recording guqin music that modern notation such as staff can't be replaced. There are more than 150 kinds of ancient music scores recorded by subtraction notation, which preserves a large number of ancient music works and is a huge and precious music treasure house in China.
Guqin's playing method, notation, history, rhythm and aesthetics have already formed an independent and complete system, which is called "Qin Xue". Its content is profound, it is the representative of China traditional music, and it is a mirror reflecting China's philosophy, history and literature. There is no musical instrument that can compare with Guqin in the aspect of reflecting the traditional culture of China.